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Given the multifactorial nature of LBP, exploring the factors influencing the presence and intensity of LBP is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate which physical, personal, and amputee\u2010specific factors predicted the presence and intensity of LBP in persons with nondysvascular transfemoral amputation (TFA) and transtibial amputation (TTA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national random sample of people with nondysvascular TFA and TTA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (N = 526) with unilateral TFA and TTA due to nondysvascular etiology (ie, trauma, tumors, and congenital causes) and a minimum prosthesis use of 1 year since amputation were invited to participate in the survey. The data from 208 participants (43.4% response rate) were used for multivariate regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods (Independent Variables)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Personal (ie, age, body mass, gender, work status, and presence of comorbid conditions), amputee\u2010specific (ie, level of amputation, years of prosthesis use, presence of phantom\u2010limb pain, residual\u2010limb problems, and nonamputated limb pain), and physical factors (ie, pain\u2010provoking postures including standing, bending, lifting, walking, sitting, sit\u2010to\u2010stand, and climbing stairs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures (Dependent Variables)<\/jats:title><jats:p>LBP presence and intensity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multivariate logistic regression model showed that the presence of 2 or more comorbid conditions (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 4.34,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01), residual\u2010limb problems (POR = 3.76,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .01), and phantom\u2010limb pain (POR = 2.46,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01) influenced the presence of LBP. Given the high LBP prevalence (63%) in the study, there is a tendency for overestimation of POR, and the results must be interpreted with caution. In those with LBP, the presence of residual\u2010limb problems (\u03b2 = 0.21,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .01) and experiencing LBP symptoms during sit\u2010to\u2010stand task (\u03b2 = 0.22,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .03) were positively associated with LBP intensity, whereas being employed demonstrated a negative association (\u03b2 = \u22120.18,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .03) in the multivariate linear regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rehabilitation professionals should be cognizant of the influence that comorbid conditions, residual\u2010limb problems, and phantom pain have on the presence of LBP in people with nondysvascular lower limb amputation. Further prospective studies could investigate the underlying causal mechanisms of LBP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T17:15:22Z","timestamp":1488474922000},"page":"949-959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Exploring Factors Influencing Low Back Pain in People With Nondysvascular Lower Limb Amputation: A National Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hemakumar","family":"Devan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Carman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Cury","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.09.0155","article-title":"Physical activity and lower\u2010back pain in persons with traumatic transfemoral amputation: A national cross\u2010sectional survey","volume":"49","author":"Devan H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr819oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20750","article-title":"Risk factors for work\u2010related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of recent longitudinal studies","volume":"53","author":"Costa B.R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2014.05.0135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.08.0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611407676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198905000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200405010-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.11.0147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289709166538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649009080326","article-title":"Prosthetic use and functional and social outcome following major lower limb amputation","volume":"14","author":"Pohjolainen T.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(02)04952-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001696683"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","first-page":"875","article-title":"Limb amputation and limb deficiency: Epidemiology and recent trends in the United States","volume":"95","author":"Dillingham T.R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method","author":"Dillman D.A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","unstructured":"NZALS. 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