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Demographic statistics predict a dramatic increase of this population and additional challenges with their increasing age and higher levels of amputation. Prosthetic use has been shown to have a positive impact on mobility and depression, thereby affecting the quality of life. Biomechatronic prostheses are at the forefront of prosthetic development. Actively powered designs are now regularly used for upper limb prosthetic fittings, whereas for lower limbs the clinical use of actively powered prostheses has been limited to a very low number of applications. Actively powered prostheses enhance restoration of the lost physical functions of an amputee but are yet to allow intuitive user control. This paper provides a review of the status of biomechatronic developments in upper and lower limb prostheses in the context of the various challenges of amputation and the clinically relevant outcomes. Whereas most of the evidence regarding lower limb prostheses addresses biomechanical issues, the evidence for upper limb prostheses relates to activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL through diverse outcome measures and tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.06.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T23:06:51Z","timestamp":1538089611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Motorized Biomechatronic Upper and Lower Limb Prostheses\u2014Clinically Relevant Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Knut","family":"Lechler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Frossard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynsay","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristleifur","family":"Kristjansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713475357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF","author":"WHO","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment","author":"Cocchiarella L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-91-1-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2011.635405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3647-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2014.09.0210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Segmental contributions to sagittal\u2010plane whole\u2010body angular momentum when using powered compared to passive ankle\u2010foot prostheses on ramps","volume":"2017","author":"Pickle N.T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364616650085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"3020","article-title":"Powered ankle\u2010foot prosthesis for the improvement of amputee ambulation","volume":"2007","author":"Au S.K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"8255","article-title":"Comparing a passive\u2010elastic and a powered prosthesis in transtibial amputees","volume":"2011","author":"Mancinelli C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.03.005","article-title":"Kinematic comparison of walking on uneven ground using powered and unpowered prostheses","volume":"28","author":"Gates D.H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biomech. 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