{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T11:15:40Z","timestamp":1786792540349,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000106","name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ambulatory individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) experience frequent falls suggesting impairments in their balance control. Individuals with iSCI are more stable during normal walking as compared to able\u2010bodied (AB) individuals; however, it is not known whether this increased stability helps prevent hazardous slips.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare walking stability during normal walking between iSCI and AB individuals, and to study the association between stability during normal walking and the intensity of an unexpected slip perturbation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biomechanics of Balance and Movement lab, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty iSCI (15 men; age: M\u2009=\u200960.05, SD\u2009=\u200917.77\u2009years) and 16 (12 men; age: M\u2009=\u200958.92, SD\u2009=\u200917.10\u2009years) AB individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stability measures during unperturbed walking at a self\u2010selected speed were collected from all the participants. Additionally, stability measures were also collected from 10 of the AB participants walking at a slower speed. An unexpected slip perturbation was recorded in all participants during a self\u2010selected speed trial and peak\u2010slip heel velocity post slip was recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measures of stability: ankle co\u2010contraction, required coefficient of friction, walking velocity, foot angle, anteroposterior margin of stability, percentage double support, step length, and step width were compared between iSCI, AB\u2010self selected, and AB\u2010slow walking groups. Associations between slip intensity, indicated by peak post\u2010slip heel velocity, and stability measures were also examined through correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with iSCI walked slower, took shorter steps, and spent a greater percentage of time in double support compared with AB individuals walking at a self\u2010selected pace (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Slower walking velocity was correlated with slower post\u2010slip velocity in participants with iSCI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with iSCI walk with greater stability than AB individuals during unperturbed walking because of a lower self\u2010selected speed, which appears to reduce the intensity of an unexpected slip perturbation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,21]],"date-time":"2018-07-21T05:38:07Z","timestamp":1532151487000},"page":"270-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Walking Stability During Normal Walking and Its Association with Slip Intensity Among Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6484-4208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarun","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin E.","family":"Musselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"},{"name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute\u2010University Health Network  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel L.","family":"Lanovaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan  Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Linassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Milosavljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9184-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan  SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215500cr342oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2016.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"MusselmanKE ArnoldC PujolC LyndK OosmanS.Falls after spinal cord injury: An exploratory study using photovoice (2016); Poster Session of the 55th ISCOS Annual Scientific Meeting."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2003.1195695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00691.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Basic gait parameters: Reference data for normal subjects, 10\u201079 years of age","volume":"30","author":"Oberg T","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HanakovaL KutilekP SochaV et al. 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