{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:05:30Z","timestamp":1790795130575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,22]],"date-time":"2011-04-22T21:14:13Z","timestamp":1303506853000},"page":"663-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The ALS\/PDC syndrome of Guam: Potential biomarkers for an enigmatic disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Patrick L.","family":"McGeer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1340","article-title":"Guamanian neurodegenerative disease: investigation of the calcium metabolism\/heavy metal hypothesis","volume":"45","author":"Ahlskog","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320450118","article-title":"Potential role of an additive genetic component in the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism\u2013dementia in the western Pacific","volume":"45","author":"Bailey-Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31696-9","article-title":"Pathologic findings in the retinal pigment epitheliopathy associated with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\/parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of Guam","volume":"100","author":"Campbell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.11.1221","article-title":"Parkinsonism\u2013dementia in a Filipino migrant: a clinicopathologic case report","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32656-X","article-title":"A retinopathy on Guam with high prevalence in Lytico-Bodig","volume":"96","author":"Cox","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.5.767","article-title":"2-Amino-3-(methylamino)-propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour: an unlikely cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism\u2013dementia of Guam","volume":"40","author":"Duncan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61119-4","article-title":"Tau and alpha synuclein pathology in amygdala of Parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex patients of Guam","volume":"160","author":"Forman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.8.876","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam type in a United States veteran","volume":"23","author":"Forno","year":"1973","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0045","first-page":"123","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013Parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex on Guam: a review and summary of attempts to demonstrate infection as aetiology","volume":"25","author":"Gibbs","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30966","article-title":"TRPM7 is not associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013parkinsonism dementia complex in the Kii Peninsula of Japan","volume":"153B","author":"Hara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11510","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505149102","article-title":"A TRPM7 variant shows altered sensitivity to magnesium that may contribute to the pathogenesis of two Guamanian neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"102","author":"Hermosura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18029","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808218105","article-title":"Altered functional properties of a TRPM2 variant in Guamanian ALS and PD","volume":"105","author":"Hermosura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/84.4.642","article-title":"Parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex, an endemic disease on the island of Guam. I. Clinical features","volume":"84","author":"Hirano","year":"1961","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/84.4.662","article-title":"Parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex, an endemic disease on the island of Guam. II. Pathological features","volume":"84","author":"Hirano","year":"1961","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13950","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013950","article-title":"Genetic evidence implicates the immune system and cholesterol metabolism in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2009.01010.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I and GSK in the spinal cord of Kii and Guamanian ALS patients","volume":"29","author":"Kihira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000061487.16841.72","article-title":"Ophthalmomyiasis-like pigmentary retinopathy in ALS\/PDC in the Kii Peninsula of Japan","volume":"60","author":"Kokubo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0090","first-page":"1724","article-title":"Epidemiological investigations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1. Preliminary report on geographic distribution with special reference to the Mariana Islands including clinical and pathological observations","volume":"4","author":"Kurlan","year":"1954","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0095","first-page":"962","article-title":"ALS\u2013parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of the Kii Peninsula of Japan (Muro disease). Historical review, epidemiology and concept","volume":"47","author":"Kuzuhara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"Suppl. 12","key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20548","article-title":"Atypical parkinsonism of Japan: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of the Kii Peninsula of Japan (Muro disease): an update","volume":"20","author":"Kuzuhara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.100","article-title":"Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of the Kii Peninsula of Japan: clinical and neuropathological study and tau analysis","volume":"49","author":"Kuzuhara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.024","article-title":"Weak BMAA toxicity compares with that of the dietary supplement beta-alanine","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2009.01029.x","article-title":"TDP-43 is consistently co-localized with ubiquitinated inclusions in sporadic and Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but not in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with and without SOD1 mutations","volume":"29","author":"Maekawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.2.400","article-title":"Familial nature and continuing morbidity of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam","volume":"49","author":"McGeer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0439-2","article-title":"Enduring involvement of tau, beta-amyloid, alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin and TDP-43 pathology in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\/parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of Guam (ALS\/PDC)","volume":"116","author":"Miklossy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1889","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of the parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of Guam","volume":"61","author":"Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(90)90194-R","article-title":"Brain amino acid contents are dissimilar in sporadic and Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"99","author":"Perry","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114437","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism\u2013dementia on Guam: a 25-year prospective case-control study","volume":"124","author":"Plato","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp300","article-title":"Identification of novel susceptibility loci for Guam neurodegenerative disease: challenges of genome scans in genetic isolates","volume":"18","author":"Sieh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3603037","article-title":"Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013parkinsonism\u2013dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin","volume":"237","author":"Spencer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl. 12","key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20547","article-title":"Parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of Guam","volume":"20","author":"Steele","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312571.81091.26","article-title":"The ALS\/PDC syndrome of Guam and the cycad hypothesis","volume":"70","author":"Steele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl463","article-title":"Two sites in the MAPT region confer genetic risk for Guam ALS\/PDC and dementia","volume":"16","author":"Sundar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22262","article-title":"Mutation analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\/parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of the Kii Peninsula","volume":"23","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)86018-5","article-title":"beta-Amino-methylaminopropionic acid, a new amino acid from seeds of Cycas circinalis","volume":"6","author":"Vega","year":"1967","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.7.585","article-title":"Alpha synuclein inclusions in amygdala in the brains of patients with the parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex of Guam","volume":"59","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130117","article-title":"Epidemiological surveillance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism\u2013dementia in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","volume":"13","author":"Yanagihara","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150108","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism\u2013dementia","volume":"15","author":"Yanagihara","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530100031010","article-title":"Geographic patterns of parkinsonism\u2013dementia complex on Guam. 1956 through 1985","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Progress in Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301008211000451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301008211000451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T09:16:26Z","timestamp":1712394986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301008211000451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0301008211000451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0082"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0082","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}