{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:36:24Z","timestamp":1770816984541,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,14]],"date-time":"2008-04-14T16:44:30Z","timestamp":1208191470000},"page":"1375-1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder \u2014 Reviewing the evidence and clinical recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Wobrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Soyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/105504901750227831","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of risperidone in substance abusers with psychosis","volume":"10","author":"Albanese","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.780b","article-title":"Decreased substance use in chronically psychotic patients treated with clozapine","volume":"151","author":"Albanese","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701389658","article-title":"Comparison of olanzapine to risperidone in substance-abusing individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Akerele","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib3","first-page":"572","article-title":"Carbamazepine in alcohol withdrawal syndromes and schizophrenic psychoses","volume":"20","author":"Ballenger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701389732","article-title":"Monitored naltrexone without counselling for alcohol abuse\/dependence in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders","volume":"16","author":"Batki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000169419.38899.5b","article-title":"Aripiprazole in schizophrenia with cocaine dependence. A pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Beresford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199905030-00005","article-title":"A comparison of olanzapine with haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychotic disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Berk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/13651500009177999","article-title":"Risperidone compared to haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychotic disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Berk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Psych Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.1.81","article-title":"Psychotogenic drug use and neuroleptic response","volume":"16","author":"Bowers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000085412.08426.08","article-title":"Cocaine and amphetamine use in patients wih psychiatric illness. A randomized trial of typical antipsychotic continuation or discontinuation","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl003","article-title":"Clozapine use and relapses of substance use disorder among patients with co-occuring schizophrenia and substance use disorders","volume":"32","author":"Brunette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.3.385","article-title":"Substance use among patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: characteristics and implication for clozapine therapy","volume":"151","author":"Buckley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. B","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib12","first-page":"114","article-title":"Substance use and clozapine treatment","volume":"55","author":"Buckley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00134-7","article-title":"Novel Antipsychoticmedications and the treatment of comorbid substance abuse in schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Buckley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00114-6","article-title":"Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review of the literature and a study of correlates in Sweden","volume":"48","author":"Cantor-Graae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02249430","article-title":"Substance use reduction in the context of outpatient psychiatric treatment: a collaborative, motivational, harm reduction approach","volume":"32","author":"Carey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Com Ment Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01134-9","article-title":"A neurobiological basis for substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia","volume":"50","author":"Chambers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib16","first-page":"602","article-title":"Suicide and schizophrenia: data from a prospective community treatment study","volume":"147","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00062-0","article-title":"Olanzapine response in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients with a history of substance abuse","volume":"33","author":"Conley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib18","series-title":"Book 1, practice guideline schizophrenia","article-title":"S3 \u2014 practice guidelines in psychiatry and psychotherapy","author":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN)","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.7.973","article-title":"Persons with dual diagnosis of substance abuse and major mental illness: their excess costs of psychiatric care","volume":"86","author":"Dickey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pub Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib20","first-page":"224","article-title":"Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use","volume":"14","author":"Dixon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033429","article-title":"Psychosocial approaches to dual diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Drake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033464","article-title":"The effects of clozapine on alcohol and drug use disorders among patients with schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"Drake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.134.8.927","article-title":"Low levels of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and psychosis","volume":"134","author":"Ewing","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970510030090","article-title":"World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, part 1: acute treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Falkai","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00114-3","article-title":"Significant interaction between clozapine and cocaine in cocaine addicts","volume":"59","author":"Farren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172886","article-title":"Neuroleptic reduction of cocaine-induced paranoia but not euphoria?","volume":"90","author":"Gawin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/wnf.0b013e31803354f6","article-title":"Combination of olanzapine with opioid-agonists in the treatment of heroin-addicted patients affected by comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"30","author":"Gerra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib28","first-page":"398","article-title":"Antipsychotic effect opiate agonists","volume":"2","author":"Gold","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-004-1692-9","article-title":"Dual diagnosis of psychosis and addiction. From principles to practice","volume":"75","author":"Gouzoulis-Mayfrank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib30","first-page":"21","article-title":"Schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder: effects of antipsychotics","volume":"66","author":"Green","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033480","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders","volume":"11","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00231-1","article-title":"Alcohol and cannabis use in schizophrenia: effects of clozapine vs. risperidone","volume":"60","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.08.001","article-title":"First episode schizophrenia-related psychosis and substance use disorders: acute response to olanzapine and haloperidol","volume":"66","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600919","article-title":"Does risperidon reduce concomitant substance abuse in cases of schizophrenia?","volume":"46","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.6.856","article-title":"Predicting the \u201crevolving door\u201d phenomenon among patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and affective disorders","volume":"152","author":"Haywood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105051542","article-title":"Use of lamotrigine to augment clozapine in patients with resistant schizophrenia and comorbid alcohol dependence: a potent anti-craving effect?","volume":"19","author":"Kalyoncu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304800208","article-title":"Clozapine treatment in patients with prior substance abuse","volume":"48","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229709030550","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications","volume":"4","author":"Khantzian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.7.867","article-title":"Outpatient treatment of patients with substance abuse and coexisting psychiatric disorders","volume":"143","author":"Kofoed","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998809001555","article-title":"Rapid death during cocaine abuse: variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome?","volume":"14","author":"Kosten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.2.195","article-title":"Substance use disorder and the early course of illness in schizophrenia and affective psychosis","volume":"23","author":"Kovasznay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1007","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for medication nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of recent literature","volume":"63","author":"Lacro","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib43","first-page":"855","article-title":". Clozapine and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999809016902","article-title":"Flupentixol treatment for cocaine abusers with schizophrenia: a pilot study","volume":"24","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688","article-title":"Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"353","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950040017002","article-title":"Cannabis abuse and course of recent-onset schizophrenic disorders","volume":"51","author":"Linszen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(01)00205-7","article-title":"Olanzapine treatment for patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse","volume":"21","author":"Littrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib48","first-page":"337","article-title":"Dopamine-\u03b2-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid: relationship to disulfiram-induced psychosis","volume":"14","author":"Major","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.6.959a","article-title":"Reduction of comorbid substance abuse with clozapine","volume":"152","author":"Marcus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v19n03_05","article-title":"Use of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol use disorders in patients with concomitant major mental illness","volume":"19","author":"Maxwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199512000-00006","article-title":"A scale for assessing the stage of substance abuse treatment in persons with severe mental illness","volume":"183","author":"McHugo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.1.31","article-title":"Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates","volume":"16","author":"Mueser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00073-2","article-title":"Dual diagnosis: a review of etiological theories","volume":"23","author":"Mueser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00652.x","article-title":"Disulfiram treatment for alcoholism in severe mental illness","volume":"12","author":"Mueser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib55","series-title":"Core interventions in the treatment of schizophrenia","author":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence","year":"2003"},{"issue":"Suppl. 19","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib56","first-page":"47","article-title":"Effectiveness of combining atypical antipsychotics and psychosocial rehabilitation in a community mental health center setting","volume":"60","author":"Noordsy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-003-0066-5","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders","volume":"5","author":"Noordsy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.4.501","article-title":"Six-month outcomes for patients who switched to olanzapine treatment","volume":"52","author":"Noordsy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999009001572","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric patients with substance abuse","volume":"16","author":"Olivera","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022461026275","article-title":"Noncompliance in psychiatric aftercare","volume":"33","author":"Owen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Com Ment Health J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1658-9","article-title":"Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptic treatment in alcohol abusing patients with schizophrenia","volume":"172","author":"Petrakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490500419052","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic medication and substance use-related outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Petrakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib63","first-page":"121","article-title":"Clozapine, quetiapine and olanzapine among addicted schizophrenic patients: towards testable hypotheses","volume":"18","author":"Potvin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404901020","article-title":"The effect of quetiapine on cannabis use in 8 psychosis patients with drug dependency","volume":"49","author":"Potvin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X112561","article-title":"Quetiapine in patients with comorbid schizophrenia-spectrum and substance use disorders: an open-label trial","volume":"22","author":"Potvin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033338","article-title":"Schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and violent behavior: a 26\u00a0year follow-up study of an unselected birth cohort","volume":"24","author":"Rasanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026","article-title":"Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study","volume":"264","author":"Regier","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib68","first-page":"79","article-title":"Recent psychostimulant use in hospitalized schizophrenics","volume":"46","author":"Richard","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107078308","article-title":"Acamprosate supports abstinence, naltrexone prevents excessive drinking: evidence from a meta-analysis with unreported outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Roesner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-005-0082-8","article-title":"Treatment of substance use disorders in schizophrenia: a unifying neurobiological mechanism?","volume":"7","author":"Roth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100808","article-title":"Long-acting injectable risperidone compared with zuclopenthixol in the treatment of schizophrenia with substance abuse comorbidity","volume":"51","author":"Rubio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000165089.14736.bf","article-title":"Cocaine abuse in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine versus haloperidol","volume":"193","author":"Sayers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120023458","article-title":"Relationship of clinical symptoms and substance use in schizophrenia patients on conventional versus atypical antipsychotics","volume":"29","author":"Scheller-Gilkey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcholoc Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib74","first-page":"342","article-title":"Neuroleptics in the treatment of drug dependence in schizophrenics. A study with flupenthixol decanoate","volume":"96","author":"Schilkrut","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199301000-00006","article-title":"Effects of cocaine on hospital course in schizophrenia","volume":"181","author":"Seibyl","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199806000-00011","article-title":"Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptics in schizophrenia","volume":"18","author":"Sernyak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(88)90074-0","article-title":"Histories of substance abuse in patients with postpsychotic depressions","volume":"29","author":"Siris","year":"1988","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.1.111","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of substance-abusing schizophrenic patients","volume":"16","author":"Siris","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib78","first-page":"127","article-title":"Dual diagnosis\/psychiatric comorbidity of drug dependence: epidemiology and treatment. Adjunctive imipramine in substance-abusing dysphoric schizophrenic patients","volume":"29","author":"Siris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700710","article-title":"Risperidone decreases craving and relapses in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence","volume":"47","author":"Smelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000194624.07611.5e","article-title":"The efficacy of olanzapine for decreasing cue-elicited craving in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence: a preliminary report","volume":"26","author":"Smelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03143.x","article-title":"Alcohol abuse in chronic schizophrenics: implications for management in the community","volume":"84","author":"Soni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-199605060-00002","article-title":"Dual diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia. Issues in pharmacological treatment","volume":"5","author":"Soyka","year":"1996","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979591","article-title":"Successful treatment with flupenthixol decanoate of a patient with both schizophrenia and alcoholism","volume":"28","author":"Soyka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190250","article-title":"Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in schizophrenia inpatients","volume":"242","author":"Soyka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000068809","article-title":"Flupenthixol in relapse prevention in schizophrenics with comorbid alcoholism: results from an open clinical study","volume":"9","author":"Soyka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970801896390","article-title":"Guidelines for biological treatment of substance use and related disorders, part 1: alcoholism","volume":"9","author":"Soyka","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490500528613","article-title":"Differing effects of antipsychotic medications on substance abuse treatment patients with co-occurring psychotic and substance abuse disorders","volume":"15","author":"Stuyt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00068-2","article-title":"Substance use: a powerful predictor of relapse in schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"Swofford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.7.1119a","article-title":"Clozapine for substance-abusing schizophrenic patients","volume":"156","author":"Tsuang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1214c","article-title":"Olanzapine treatment for patients with schizophrenia and cocaine abuse","volume":"63","author":"Tsuang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib90","first-page":"629","article-title":"Can risperidone reduce cocaine use in substance abusing schizophrenic patients?","volume":"22","author":"Tsuang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2190\/WM5V-D9Y2-2HYW-VGWX","article-title":"Quetiapine in the successful treatment of schizophrenia with comorbid alcohol and drug dependence: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Weisman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.2.215","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia patients with comorbid substance abuse","volume":"23","author":"Wilkins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-818454","article-title":"Acute treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Wobrock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-919171","article-title":"Schizophrenia and addiction","volume":"31","author":"Wobrock","year":"2005","journal-title":"PsychoNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199410000-00017","article-title":"Clozapine reverses cocaine craving in a treatment-resistant mentally ill chemical abuser: a case report and a hypothesis","volume":"182","author":"Yovell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib95","first-page":"309","article-title":"Adjunctive desipramine in the treatment of cocaine abusing schizophrenics","volume":"28","author":"Ziedonis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200509000-00005","article-title":"Improving the care of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders: consensus recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Ziedonis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200002000-00016","article-title":"Effects of clozapine on substance use in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"20","author":"Zimmet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584608000675?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584608000675?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T19:41:06Z","timestamp":1759520466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584608000675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278584608000675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder \u2014 Reviewing the evidence and clinical recommendations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}