{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:52:25Z","timestamp":1791031945903,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,12]],"date-time":"2008-05-12T11:05:13Z","timestamp":1210590313000},"page":"1473-1478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Differential striatal levels of TNF-\u03b1, NF\u03baB p65 subunit and dopamine with chronic typical and atypical neuroleptic treatment: Role in orofacial dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Mahendra","family":"Bishnoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwaljit","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrinivas K.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00226.x","article-title":"Neuronal, astroglial and microglial cytokine expression after an excitotoxic lesion in the immature rat brain","volume":"12","author":"Acarin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00064-7","article-title":"Neurotoxicity associated with neuroleptics induced oral dyskinesia in rats, implications for tardive dyskinesia","volume":"65","author":"Andreassen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00160-2","article-title":"Oral Dyskinesias and striatal lesions in rats after long-term co-treatment with haloperidol and 3-nitropropionic acid","volume":"87","author":"Andreassen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.09.035","article-title":"Memantine attenuates the increase in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA expression and development of haloperidol-induced persistent oral dyskinesias in rats","volume":"994","author":"Andreassen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.04.007","article-title":"Possible anti-oxidant and neuroprotective mechanisms of zolpidem in attenuating typical anti-psychotic-induced orofacial dyskinesia-A biochemical and neurochemical study","volume":"31","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib5","first-page":"175","article-title":"Comparative neurochemical changes associated with chronic administration of typical and atypical neuroleptics: implications in tardive dyskinesia","volume":"45","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.10.009","article-title":"Protective effect of Curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and associated behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical changes in rat brain","volume":"88","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib7","first-page":"822","article-title":"1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-like neurotoxicity of a pyridinium metabolite derived from haloperidol: cell culture and neurotransmitter uptake studies","volume":"270","author":"Bloomquist","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.10.038","article-title":"Acute reserpine and sub-chronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elicit orofacial dyskinesia in rats","volume":"1031","author":"Burger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2005.05.002","article-title":"Ebselen attenuates haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rat brain","volume":"81","author":"Burger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330516","article-title":"Neuroleptic medications inhibit complex II of the electron transport chain","volume":"33","author":"Burkhardt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847477","article-title":"Antischizophrenic drugs: chronic treatment elevates dopamine receptor binding in brain","volume":"196","author":"Burt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(94)90001-9","article-title":"Free radical mechanisms in schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia","volume":"18","author":"Cadet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00242.x","article-title":"Serotonin depletion produces long lasting increase in striatal glutamatergic transmission","volume":"78","author":"Cara","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245007","article-title":"Serotonergic and dopaminergic aspects of neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes in nonhuman primates","volume":"112","author":"Casey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib51","first-page":"1497","article-title":"Tardive Dyskinesia: pathophysiology","author":"Casey","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib14","first-page":"5","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia: pathophysiology and animal models","volume":"61","author":"Casey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib15","first-page":"A36","article-title":"Column chromatography analysis of brain tissue: an advanced laboratory exercise for neuroscience majors","volume":"3","author":"Church","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Undergrad Neurosci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7901908","article-title":"Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"262","author":"Coyle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90123-6","article-title":"Prevention and reversal of dopamine receptor supersensitivity by cyclo(leucyl-glycyl) (CLG): biphasic dose\u2013response curves","volume":"47","author":"Drucker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1159\/000080151","article-title":"Dexamethasone downregulate chemokine receptor CXCR4 and exerts neuroprotection against hypoxia\/ischemia-induced brain injury in neonatal rats","volume":"11","author":"Felszeghy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/283569a0","article-title":"Chronic blockade of dopamine receptors by antischizophrenic drugs enhances GABA binding in substantia nigra","volume":"283","author":"Gale","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02917.x","article-title":"Decreased iNOS synthesis mediates dexamethasone-induced protection of neurons from inflammatory injury in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Golde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000254","article-title":"H2O2 impairs inflammatory mediator release from immunologically stimulated RBL-2H3 cells through a redox-sensitive, calcium-dependent mechanism","volume":"50","author":"Guerin-Marchand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050234","article-title":"Effects of chronic haloperidol and clozapine on vacuous chewing and dopamine-mediated jaw movements in rats: evaluation of a revised animal model of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"106","author":"Ikeda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib23","series-title":"Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress","first-page":"1485","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia: epidemiological and clinical presentation","author":"Kane","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3540573","article-title":"Thyrotrophin modifies activation of nuclear factor kappaB by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rat thyroid cell line","volume":"354","author":"Kikumori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245320","article-title":"An experimental model of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"33","author":"Klawans","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Neural Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2001.37.2.834327","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia: an update","volume":"37","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.30.129","article-title":"Modification of drug-induced catatonia and tremors by quapazine in rats and mice","volume":"30","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1980","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurements with the folin-phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890180306","article-title":"Haloperidol-induced morphological alterations are associated with changes in calcium\/calmodulin kinase II activity and glutamate immunoreactivity","volume":"18","author":"Meshul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib32","first-page":"285","article-title":"Coadministration of haloperidol and SCH-23390 prevents the increase in \u201cperforated\u201d synapses due to either drug alone","volume":"7","author":"Meshul","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00455-9","article-title":"Acute administration of haloperidol induces apoptosis of neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra in the rat","volume":"109","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.9.585","article-title":"Old drug, new tricks: haloperidol inhibits secretion of proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"58","author":"Moots","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(03)00101-1","article-title":"Quercetin, a bioflavonoid attenuated haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia","volume":"44","author":"Naidu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.1999.21.9.795610","article-title":"Quinpirole, 8-OH-DPAT and ketanserin modulate catalepsy induced by high doses of atypical antipsychotics","volume":"21","author":"Ninan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881106062025","article-title":"Selective increases in the cytokine, TNFalpha, in the prefrontal cortex of PCP-treated rats and human schizophrenic subjects: influence of antipsychotic drugs","volume":"20","author":"Paterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.01.011","article-title":"Long-term antipsychotic treatments and crossover studies in rats: differential effects of typical and atypical agents on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation in rat brain","volume":"41","author":"Pillai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.05.018","article-title":"Haloperidol- and clozapine-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain","volume":"78","author":"Polydoro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8236","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08236.1998","article-title":"Induction of NF-B activity during haloperidol-induced oxidative toxicity in clonal hippocampal cells: suppression of NF-B and neuroprotection by antioxidants","volume":"15","author":"Post","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00364-5","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the protective potential of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) against haloperidol-associated neurotoxicity","volume":"26","author":"Post","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90636-2","article-title":"Effects of serotonergic drugs on experimental brain ischemia: evidence for the protective role of serotonin in cerebral ischemia","volume":"630","author":"Prehn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(87)90072-6","article-title":"Down-regulation of haloperidol-induced striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity by active analogues of l-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG)","volume":"8","author":"Rajakumar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00419-3","article-title":"Possible role of nitric oxide in the nootropic and antiamnesic effects of neurosteroids on aging and dizocilpine induced learning impairment","volume":"799","author":"Reddy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.09.032","article-title":"Haloperidol and clozapine, but not olanzapine, induces oxidative stress in rat brain","volume":"372","author":"Reinke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib41","first-page":"380","article-title":"MPP (+)-like neurotoxicity of a pyridinium metabolite derived from haloperidol: in vivo microdialysis and in vitro mitochondrial studies","volume":"268","author":"Rollema","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.01.001","article-title":"Role of nigral NFkappaB p50 and p65 subunit expression in haloperidol-induced neurotoxicity and stereotyped behavior in rats","volume":"16","author":"Salda\u00f1a","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22409","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511086200","article-title":"The relationship between intranuclear mobility of the NF-B subunit p65 and its DNA-binding affinity","volume":"281","author":"Schaaf","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199509000-00021","article-title":"Chronic haloperidol potentiates stimulated glutamate release in caudate putamen, but not prefrontal cortex","volume":"6","author":"See","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00634-7","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of 5HT-1A receptor agonist, Bay X 3702, demonstrated invitro and invivo","volume":"359","author":"Semkova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Euro J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-5698-6","article-title":"Translocation of AIF in the human and rat striatum following protracted haloperidol, but not clozapine treatment","volume":"11","author":"Skoblenick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.42.082701.160735","article-title":"Glutamatergic mechanisms in schizophrenia","volume":"42","author":"Tsai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.9.1207","article-title":"Markers of glutamatergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress associated with tardive dyskinesia","volume":"155","author":"Tsai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib47","first-page":"111","article-title":"Do D2-like dopamine receptors mediate neuronal excitation or inhibition: some functional-behavioural implications?","volume":"17","author":"Waddington","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.12.023","article-title":"Dexamethasone enhances NT-3 expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury","volume":"192","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00435-8","article-title":"In vivo analysis of hydrogen peroxide and lipid radicals in the striatum of rats under long-term administration of a neuroleptic","volume":"24","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584608001383?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584608001383?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T03:51:57Z","timestamp":1684381917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584608001383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278584608001383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}