{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:47:16Z","timestamp":1789386436407,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 NS 07338-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 NS 07338-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T11:05:30Z","timestamp":1455188730000},"page":"227-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Treatment-refractory Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Brent M.","family":"Kious","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joohi","family":"Jimenez-Shahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Shprecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.6.968","article-title":"Control of Tourette's syndrome with topiramate","volume":"158","author":"Abuzzahab","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550060051016","article-title":"School problems in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Abwender","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200206000-00012","article-title":"Multivariate meta-analysis of controlled drug studies for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"22","author":"Ackerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq380","article-title":"Double-blind clinical trial of thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Ackermans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.10.007","article-title":"Efficacy of botulinum toxin in severe Tourette syndrome with dystonic tics involving the neck","volume":"14","author":"Aguirregomozcorta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0030","author":"America, T. A. o."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0035","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","author":"APA","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.8.1051","article-title":"Tetrabenazine and movement disorders","volume":"31","author":"Asher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.03.013","article-title":"The efficacy of habit reversal therapy for tics, habit disorders, and stuttering: a meta-analytic review","volume":"31","author":"Bate","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.01.011","article-title":"Assessment and management of treatment-refractory obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder in children","volume":"54","author":"Bloch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001823","article-title":"A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Bloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180957.98702.69","article-title":"Caudate volumes in childhood predict symptom severity in adults with Tourette syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Bloch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.12.020","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine in the treatment of pediatric trichotillomania: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled add-on trial","volume":"52","author":"Bloch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b26e9f","article-title":"Meta-analysis: treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children with comorbid tic disorders","volume":"48","author":"Bloch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65","article-title":"Adulthood outcome of tic and obsessive\u2013compulsive symptom severity in children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"160","author":"Bloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01561.x","article-title":"Fine-motor skill deficits in childhood predict adulthood tic severity and global psychosocial functioning in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Bloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0085","article-title":"Deep TMS add-on treatment for intractable Tourette syndrome: a feasibility study","volume":"1-5","author":"Bloch","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07060978","article-title":"Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with finasteride","volume":"164","author":"Bortolato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0111","article-title":"Risperidone versus pimozide in Tourette's disorder: a comparative double-blind parallel-group study","volume":"62","author":"Bruggeman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0100","first-page":"29","article-title":"Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette's syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Bruun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11101583","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of anteromedial globus pallidus interna for severe Tourette's syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Cannon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.12.008","article-title":"Sustained effects of a neural-based intervention in a refractory case of Tourette syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0164-6","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I: assessment","volume":"20","author":"Cath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00012-3","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs and Tourette syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Cavanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/732038","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a decade of research","volume":"27","author":"Cavanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.534200","article-title":"An approach to deep brain stimulation for severe treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: the UK perspective","volume":"25","author":"Cavanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnn.0000116253.78804.3a","article-title":"A pilot safety study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Chae","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00010","article-title":"Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome: preliminary clinical experience","volume":"34","author":"Chappell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.06.010","article-title":"Tetrabenazine for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders: a review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.09.029","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of explosive outbursts in Tourette syndrome","volume":"205","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21599","article-title":"Malignant Tourette syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Cheung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200727020-00005","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a retrospective case-note survey","volume":"27","author":"Copur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0165","first-page":"177","article-title":"Tolerability of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Copur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0170","article-title":"Review of prevalence studies of tic disorders: methodological caveats","volume":"2","author":"Cubo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet. Mov. (N. Y.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200211000-00009","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric effects of guanfacine in children with mild tourette syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0180","first-page":"Cd006565","article-title":"Cannabinoids for Tourette's Syndrome","author":"Curtis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0726e","article-title":"Quetiapine in patients with Tourette's disorder: an open-label, flexible-dose study","volume":"68","author":"de Jonge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181eb30b3","article-title":"Long-term results of electroconvulsive therapy in severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Dehning","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.849004","article-title":"Functional outcome and quality of life in Tourette's syndrome after deep brain stimulation of the posteroventrolateral globus pallidus internus: long-term follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Dehning","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21930","article-title":"Therapy-refractory Tourette syndrome: beneficial outcome with globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Dehning","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200202000-00006","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of tourette syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Dion","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0210","first-page":"7","article-title":"The effectiveness of habit reversal therapy in the treatment of Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Dutta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.004","article-title":"A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"24","author":"Eddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23759","article-title":"Classification of movement disorders","volume":"26","author":"Fahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.06.008","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: how closely are they related?","volume":"170","author":"Ferr\u00e3o","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.06.032","article-title":"The role of impulse control disorders in Tourette syndrome: an exploratory study","volume":"310","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S6430","article-title":"Tetrabenazine: the first approved drug for the treatment of chorea in US patients with Huntington disease","volume":"6","author":"Frank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.02.009","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: empirical review and clinical recommendations","volume":"227","author":"Franklin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199601000-00004","article-title":"Guanfacine for Tourette's disorder","volume":"35","author":"Fras","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0250","first-page":"301","article-title":"Fluvoxamine versus clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison","volume":"55","author":"Freeman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1493","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3384","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in Tourette's disorder","volume":"129","author":"Gabbay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200203000-00013","article-title":"Risperidone versus clonidine in the treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Gaffney","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2.1.66","article-title":"Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with transdermal clonidine: a pilot study","volume":"2","author":"Gancher","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.11.1919","article-title":"Which SSRI? A meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy trials in pediatric obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"160","author":"Geller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0275","first-page":"107","article-title":"Motor cortex inhibitory function in Tourette syndrome, attention deficit disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder: studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"99","author":"Gilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000017","article-title":"A D1 receptor antagonist, ecopipam, for treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Gilbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0285","first-page":"245","article-title":"Clonidine and clonazepam in Tourette syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Goetz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050150049015","article-title":"Fluphenazine and multifocal tic disorders","volume":"41","author":"Goetz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210313","article-title":"Clonidine and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: double-blind study using objective rating methods","volume":"21","author":"Goetz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.11.027","article-title":"Facilitation of CB1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission decreases marble burying behavior in mice","volume":"35","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100025129","article-title":"Seven cases of Gilles de la tourette's syndrome: partial relief with clonazepam: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Gonce","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11740667","article-title":"Advances in neurostimulation for movement disorders","volume":"22","author":"Gross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"issue":"9360","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12705-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","author":"Group, U. E. R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181d236ec","article-title":"Oral delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol improved refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in an adolescent by increasing intracortical inhibition: a case report","volume":"30","author":"Hasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.12.014","article-title":"Double-blind, crossover study of clonidine and levetiracetam in Tourette syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Hedderick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445514531016","article-title":"Variables associated with tic exacerbation in children with chronic tic disorders","volume":"38","author":"Himle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Modif."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence, age of risk, and genetic relationships of comorbid psychiatric disorders in Tourette syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00007","article-title":"Relative contribution of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, and tic severity to social and behavioral problems in tic disorders","volume":"25","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.043273","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome and deep brain stimulation","volume":"76","author":"Houeto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110108","article-title":"Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders with tetrabenazine: a double-blind crossover study","volume":"11","author":"Jankovic","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26414","article-title":"Therapeutic developments for tics and myoclonus","volume":"30","author":"Jankovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.3.391","article-title":"Tetrabenazine therapy of dystonia, chorea, tics, and other dyskinesias","volume":"38","author":"Jankovic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100038087","article-title":"Motor, behavioral and pharmacologic findings in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Jankovic","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.688","article-title":"Effect of tetrabenazine on tics and sleep of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Jankovic","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.185348","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topiramate in the treatment of Tourette syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Jankovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199004000-00008","article-title":"Clomipramine versus fluoxetine in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a retrospective comparison of side effects and efficacy","volume":"10","author":"Jenike","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2013.08.012","article-title":"Detecting a clinically meaningful change in tic severity in Tourette syndrome: a comparison of three methods","volume":"36","author":"Jeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00043-5","article-title":"Design challenges for stimulation trials of Tourette's syndrome","author":"Jimenez-Shahed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.08.008","article-title":"Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition heightens anandamide signaling without producing reinforcing effects in primates","volume":"64","author":"Justinova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90194-6","article-title":"A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome treated with clonazepam","volume":"11","author":"Kaim","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.041","article-title":"The impact of tics, obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms, and impulsivity on global functioning in Tourette syndrome","volume":"226","author":"Kano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yct.0000184618.00661.72","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: response to electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"21","author":"Karadenizli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00008-3","article-title":"Bilateral globus pallidus stimulation for severe Tourette's syndrome: a double-blind, randomised crossover trial","volume":"14","author":"Kefalopoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0420","series-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","author":"Koran","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199604000-00004","article-title":"Fluvoxamine versus clomipramine for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a double-blind comparison","volume":"16","author":"Koran","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500914","article-title":"Tics in Tourette syndrome and botulinum toxin","volume":"15","author":"Kwak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1190","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics","volume":"57","author":"Kwak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.01.007","article-title":"1-Hz low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"492","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.015","article-title":"Randomized sham controlled double-blind trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adults with severe tourette syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Landeros-Weisenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.049","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1Hertz improves clinical symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome for at least 6months","volume":"20","author":"Le","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0278-5","article-title":"Tourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"21","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0460","first-page":"391","article-title":"Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a review of data","volume":"35","author":"Leckman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.343","article-title":"Short- and long-term treatment of Tourette's syndrome with clonidine: a clinical perspective","volume":"35","author":"Leckman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810280040006","article-title":"Clonidine treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Leckman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)","volume":"125","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.02.002","article-title":"Efficacy of glutamate modulators in tic suppression: a double-blind, randomized control trial of d-serine and riluzole in Tourette syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Lemmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e32832a50df","article-title":"COMT gene polymorphism association and drug response in Tourette syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v5.i2.182","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in catatonic patients: efficacy and predictors of response","volume":"5","author":"Luchini","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.19402","article-title":"Complex tics and complex management in a case of severe Tourette's disorder (TD) in an adolescent","volume":"19","author":"Lyon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/11\/1004","article-title":"Prospective randomized double-blind trial of bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in adults with Tourette syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Maciunas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.07.011","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the supplementary motor area in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: report of two cases","volume":"118","author":"Mantovani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005729","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS)","volume":"9","author":"Mantovani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.5.605","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Marras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23734","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a case series targeting subregions of the globus pallidus internus","volume":"26","author":"Martinez-Fernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a60a0c","article-title":"Improvement of tics after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation","volume":"72","author":"Martinez-Torres","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00009-3","article-title":"Neuroendocrine aspects of Tourette syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.04.003","article-title":"Antipsychotic augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in resistant tic-related obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a naturalistic comparative study","volume":"47","author":"Masi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199310000-00008","article-title":"The efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid chronic tic disorder","volume":"13","author":"McDougle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02646-9","article-title":"Glutamatergic drugs exacerbate symptomatic behavior in a transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"877","author":"McGrath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.02.004","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"227","author":"McKay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"8214","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92103-6","article-title":"Clonidine in Tourette syndrome","volume":"1","author":"McKeith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31811f354c","article-title":"Neurobiological substrates of electroconvulsive therapy for Tourette syndrome: a serial SISCOM study","volume":"23","author":"Morais","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322572624","article-title":"Quetiapine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder","volume":"13","author":"Mukaddes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0166-4","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part IV: deep brain stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10127.x","article-title":"Cannabinoids: possible role in patho-physiology and therapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300047","article-title":"Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance","volume":"28","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25028","article-title":"Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial","volume":"35","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0417","article-title":"Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial","volume":"64","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000036615.25044.50","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for Tourette syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Munchau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.317","article-title":"Fluvoxamine in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: similar efficacy but superior tolerability in comparison with clomipramine","volume":"16","author":"Mundo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23810","article-title":"A preliminary study of finasteride in Tourette syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Muroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00013-5","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of comorbid obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder in Tourette syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Neri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.580","article-title":"A trial of scheduled deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: moving away from continuous deep brain stimulation paradigms","volume":"70","author":"Okun","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070173","article-title":"Olanzapine in severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a 52-week double-blind cross-over study vs. low-dose pimozide","volume":"247","author":"Onofrj","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149484","article-title":"Motor cortex excitability and comorbidity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Orth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.10.003","article-title":"Subthreshold rTMS over pre-motor cortex has no effect on tics in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Orth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.003","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993-2014","volume":"40","author":"Ost","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000136892.24629.96","article-title":"Tetrabenazine treatment in movement disorders","volume":"27","author":"Paleacu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1089\/1044546041649138","article-title":"Emergence of tics in children with ADHD: impact of once-daily OROS methylphenidate therapy","volume":"14","author":"Palumbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199807000-00005","article-title":"Study and modulation of human cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(92)90015-Y","article-title":"Steroid hormones and CNS sexual dimorphisms modulate symptom expression in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Peterson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0206","article-title":"A review of the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"60","author":"Pigott","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318054e724","article-title":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"46","author":"Pliszka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41s","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06002.x","article-title":"Cognitive measures in long-term cannabis users","volume":"42","author":"Pope","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd809b","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: two-year outcome","volume":"73","author":"Porta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-003-0201-4","article-title":"Treatment of phonic tics in patients with Tourette's syndrome using botulinum toxin type A","volume":"24","author":"Porta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2011.00022","article-title":"The need for a proper definition of a \u201ctreatment refractoriness\u201d in tourette syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Porta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000235595","article-title":"Issues related to deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory Tourette's syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Porta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21529","article-title":"Patient selection and assessment recommendations for deep brain stimulation in Tourette syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Poysky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205700302","article-title":"Canadian guidelines for the evidence-based treatment of tic disorders: pharmacotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.146518","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"56","author":"Rajashree","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.11.011","article-title":"Toward a better understanding of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan","volume":"52","author":"Ramos-Quiroga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00022","article-title":"Response of major depression and Tourette's syndrome to ECT: a case report","volume":"60","author":"Rapoport","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22238","article-title":"Hassler and Dieckmann's seminal paper on stereotactic thalamotomy for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: translation and critical reappraisal","volume":"23","author":"Rickards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.12.003","article-title":"Disentangling the effects of Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on cognitive and behavioral phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Rizzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Part 1: the epidemiological and prevalence studies","volume":"65","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.007","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Part 2: tentative explanations for differing prevalence figures in GTS, including the possible effects of psychopathology, aetiology, cultural differences, and differing phenotypes","volume":"65","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0163-7","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment","volume":"20","author":"Roessner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220618","article-title":"Clonidine in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Roos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.135.5.585","article-title":"A comparison of pimozide and haloperidol in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Ross","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1057","article-title":"Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder","volume":"154","author":"Sallee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110627","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for refractory vocal tics","volume":"11","author":"Salloway","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0803-6","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation therapy for treatment-refractory Tourette's syndrome: a review","volume":"153","author":"Sassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067","article-title":"A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"158","author":"Scahill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055434.39968.67","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Scahill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029117","article-title":"Residual effects of cannabis use on neurocognitive performance after prolonged abstinence: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Schreiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26094","article-title":"Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation: a review and updated recommendations","volume":"30","author":"Schrock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.104067","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in 18 patients with severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome refractory to treatment: the surgery and stimulation","volume":"79","author":"Servello","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2009.00253.x","article-title":"Long-term, post-deep brain stimulation management of a series of 36 patients affected with refractory gilles de la tourette syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Servello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5159-6","article-title":"De novo and rescue DBS leads for refractory Tourette syndrome patients with severe comorbid OCD: a multiple case report","volume":"256","author":"Servello","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0851-y","article-title":"Tourette syndrome (TS) bears a higher rate of inflammatory complications at the implanted hardware in deep brain stimulation (DBS)","volume":"153","author":"Servello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198403000-00007","article-title":"Controlled study of pimozide vs. placebo in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Shapiro","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.9.1183","article-title":"Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with pimozide","volume":"140","author":"Shapiro","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810080052006","article-title":"Controlled study of haloperidol, pimozide and placebo for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Shapiro","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000119","article-title":"Neurobehavioral aspects, pathophysiology, and management of Tourette syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Shprecher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000311389.26145.95","article-title":"Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"70","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.11.028","article-title":"Glutamatergic modulatory therapy for Tourette syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Singer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870030313","article-title":"Tardive dystonia in patients with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.058321","article-title":"Video assessment of rTMS for Tourette syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Snijders","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.741","article-title":"A functional neuroanatomy of tics in Tourette syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Stern","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970410029930","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with Tourette's syndrome and co-morbid obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Strassnig","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10649","article-title":"Surgery in Tourette syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Temel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130348","article-title":"Vocal tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome treated with botulinum toxin injections","volume":"13","author":"Trimble","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200306000-00011","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette form of catatonia: response to ECT","volume":"19","author":"Trivedi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.1999.00630.x","article-title":"Electroconvulsive treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a review and report of cases","volume":"33","author":"Trollor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9154","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05964-9","article-title":"Stereotactic treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome by high frequency stimulation of thalamus","volume":"353","author":"Vandewalle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions","volume":"20","author":"Verdellen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.014","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the management of laryngeal tics","volume":"22","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000337776","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: target selection","volume":"90","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70564-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities of Tourette's syndrome and bipolar disorder in a 10-year-old boy","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.09.008","article-title":"Systematic review: pharmacological treatment of tic disorders\u2014efficacy of antipsychotic and alpha-2 adrenergic agonist agents","volume":"37","author":"Weisman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.7.952","article-title":"Internal pallidal and thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Welter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25692","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of fluphenazine in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Wijemanne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199753060-00008","article-title":"Acamprosate. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in the management of alcohol dependence after detoxification","volume":"53","author":"Wilde","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-013-0238-5","article-title":"Behavior therapy for tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Wile","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.05.002","article-title":"Topiramate for Tourette's syndrome in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.05.019","article-title":"Long-term outcome of globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.9.1277","article-title":"Decreased motor inhibition in Tourette's disorder: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"154","author":"Ziemann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584616300173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584616300173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:09:39Z","timestamp":1668643779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584616300173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":188,"alternative-id":["S0278584616300173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment-refractory Tourette Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}