{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T12:26:25Z","timestamp":1793967985983,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T00:45:15Z","timestamp":1509151515000},"page":"105-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis on placebo response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"La\u00eds B.","family":"Razza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano H.","family":"Moffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina L.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre F.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Padberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Fregni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 R.","family":"Brunoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.10.038","article-title":"Age predicts low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in major depression","volume":"130","author":"Aguirre","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.028019","article-title":"Adjunctive fast repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression","volume":"190","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0015","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"Association, A.P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Psychiatric Pub."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.003","article-title":"A controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in medication-resistant major depression","volume":"59","author":"Avery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.008","article-title":"Intensive HF-rTMS treatment in refractory medication-resistant unipolar depressed patients","volume":"151","author":"Baeken","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5455\/bcp.20120807092434","article-title":"The combination of antidepressant drug therapy and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in medication-resistant depression","volume":"22","author":"Bakim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00243-7","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depression","volume":"47","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.579163","article-title":"A randomized double-blind sham-controlled comparison of unilateral and bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"13","author":"Blumberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E58","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150265","article-title":"Unilateral and bilateral MRI-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled study","volume":"41","author":"Blumberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00267-6","article-title":"Lack of a therapeutic effect of a 2-week sub-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation course for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"113","author":"Boutros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.01.013","article-title":"Positive predictors for antidepressive response to prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)","volume":"41","author":"Brakemeier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.338","article-title":"Clinical trial design in non-invasive brain stimulation psychiatric research","volume":"20","author":"Brunoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004824","article-title":"Placebo response of non-pharmacological and pharmacological trials in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Brunoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009479","article-title":"Changes in clinical trials methodology over time: a systematic review of six decades of research in psychopharmacology","volume":"5","author":"Brunoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000441457","article-title":"Bias in Peripheral Depression Biomarkers","volume":"85","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000447034","article-title":"The safety, tolerability and risks associated with the use of newer generation antidepressant drugs: a critical review of the literature","volume":"85","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S40466","article-title":"Superior antidepressant effect occurring 1 month after rTMS: add-on rTMS for subjects with medication-resistant depression","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.035","article-title":"Preliminary assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of continuous theta-burst magnetic stimulation (cTBS) in major depression: a double-blind sham-controlled study","volume":"170","author":"Chistyakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3109\/13651501.2015.1084329","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with drug-resistant major depression: a six-month clinical follow-up study","volume":"19","author":"Concerto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv076","article-title":"Placebo response in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation trials of treatment of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Dollfus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.015","article-title":"Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation treatment in medication-resistant major depression: A fast road to remission?","volume":"200","author":"Duprat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7121.1533","article-title":"Meta-analysis: principles and procedures","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(00)00062-7","article-title":"Left prefrontal activation predicts therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression","volume":"99","author":"Eschweiler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.1002","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.88","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"163","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.017","article-title":"A double blind randomized trial of unilateral left and bilateral prefrontal cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment resistant major depression","volume":"139","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.052","article-title":"A negative double-blind controlled trial of sequential bilateral rTMS in the treatment of bipolar depression","volume":"198","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666150630174343","article-title":"From randomized controlled trials of antidepressant drugs to the meta-analytic synthesis of evidence: methodological aspects lead to discrepant findings","volume":"13","author":"Fountoulakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705006280","article-title":"Predictors of antidepressant response in clinical trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Fregni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30307-8","article-title":"Placebo response rates in antidepressant trials: a systematic review of published and unpublished double-blind randomised controlled studies","volume":"3","author":"Furukawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00223-8","article-title":"Modest adjunctive benefit with transcranial magnetic stimulation in medication-resistant depression","volume":"64","author":"Garcia-Toro","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2004.08.005","article-title":"High (20-Hz) and low (1-Hz) frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation as adjuvant treatment in medication-resistant depression","volume":"146","author":"Garcia-Toro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1752","article-title":"Mood improvement following daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression: a placebo-controlled crossover trial","volume":"154","author":"George","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01048-9","article-title":"A controlled trial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treating depression","volume":"48","author":"George","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.46","article-title":"Daily left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depressive disorder: a sham-controlled randomized trial","volume":"67","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480410011678","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as add-on antidepressant treatment. The applicability of the method in a clinical setting","volume":"58","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.01.001","article-title":"Identifying brain imaging correlates of clinical response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression","volume":"6","author":"Hernandez-Ribas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00042-6","article-title":"Add-on rTMS for treatment of depression: A pilot study using stereotaxic coil-navigation according to PET data","volume":"37","author":"Herwig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0195","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews ofInterventions Version 5.0.2. (updated September 2009)","author":"Higgins","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10147","article-title":"Shorter duration of depressive episode may predict response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Holtzheimer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-003-0416-7","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy of two different rTMS procedures. High frequency over left versus low frequency over right prefrontal cortex compared with sham stimulation","volume":"253","author":"Hoppner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11r07485","article-title":"Correlation between different levels of placebo response rate and clinical trial outcome in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Iovieno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31817e9fca","article-title":"Ultrahigh frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in unipolar depression","volume":"28","author":"Jakob","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.08.016","article-title":"A double-blind sham controlled study of right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): therapeutic and cognitive effect in medication free unipolar depression during 4 weeks","volume":"30","author":"Januel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00206-7","article-title":"Do medical devices have enhanced placebo effects?","volume":"53","author":"Kaptchuk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20245","article-title":"Factors contributing to the increasing placebo response in antidepressant trials","volume":"14","author":"Kasper","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10144","article-title":"Slow right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for medication-resistant depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Kauffmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20421","article-title":"Has the rising placebo response impacted antidepressant clinical trial outcome? Data from the US Food and Drug Administration 1987-2013","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.4.315","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: a double-blind controlled study","volume":"56","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1482","article-title":"Improved tests for a random effects meta-regression with a single covariate","volume":"22","author":"Knapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1005","article-title":"A 3-month, follow-up, randomized, placebo-controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression","volume":"65","author":"Koerselman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.014","article-title":"The ACDC pilot trial: Targeting the anterior cingulate by double cone coil rTMS for the treatment of depression","volume":"8","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000099","article-title":"Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the right prefrontal cortex combined with partial sleep deprivation in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Krstic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.05.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-field synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) for treatment of major depression","volume":"8","author":"Leuchter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20199","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Levkovitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu109","article-title":"Efficacy of prefrontal theta-burst stimulation in refractory depression: a randomized sham-controlled study","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.85393","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Lingeswaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. J. Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01110-0","article-title":"Sham TMS: intracerebral measurement of the induced electrical field and the induction of motor-evoked potentials","volume":"49","author":"Lisanby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.118","article-title":"Daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: clinical predictors of outcome in a multisite, randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Lisanby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.946","article-title":"Double-blind controlled investigation of transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of resistant major depression","volume":"156","author":"Loo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00285-1","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in controlled treatment studies: are some \u201csham\u201d forms active?","volume":"47","author":"Loo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006839","article-title":"Double-blind controlled investigation of bilateral prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of resistant major depression","volume":"33","author":"Loo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009597","article-title":"A sham-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of twice-daily rTMS in major depression","volume":"37","author":"Loo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0330","first-page":"85","article-title":"Combination rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment refractory depression","volume":"2","author":"McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.024","article-title":"Placebo and nocebo reactions in randomized trials of pharmacological treatments for persistent depressive disorder. A meta-regression analysis","volume":"215","author":"Meister","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001663","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial with 4-month follow-up of adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex for depression","volume":"38","author":"Mogg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2003.10.006","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a putative add-on treatment for major depression in elderly patients","volume":"126","author":"Mosimann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00011.x","article-title":"Left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment of depression in bipolar affective disorder: a pilot study of acute safety and efficacy","volume":"5","author":"Nahas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20261","article-title":"Patients with a major depressive episode responding to treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are resistant to the effects of rapid tryptophan depletion","volume":"24","author":"O'Reardon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0360","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","author":"Organization, W.H","year":"1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0365","first-page":"638","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: relation between efficacy and stimulation intensity","volume":"27","author":"Padberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570900008X","article-title":"Influence of prefrontal target region on the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with medication-resistant depression: a [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and MRI study","volume":"13","author":"Paillere Martinot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.01.063","article-title":"Unilateral low frequency versus sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: is simpler better for treatment of resistant depression?","volume":"167","author":"Pallanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.12.025","article-title":"Treatment of major depression with bilateral theta burst stimulation: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"156","author":"Plewnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.964768","article-title":"Bilateral prefrontal rTMS and theta burst TMS as an add-on treatment for depression: a randomized placebo controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Prasser","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.01.029","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the placebo response in antidepressant trials","volume":"118","author":"Rief","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.225","article-title":"Somatic treatments for mood disorders","volume":"37","author":"Rosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.06.008","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depressed patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Rossini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040474","article-title":"A model of placebo response in antidepressant clinical trials","volume":"170","author":"Rutherford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.07.004","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy of high and low frequency rTMS at 110% of motor threshold versus sham stimulation over left prefrontal cortex","volume":"7","author":"Speer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.2.179","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of high and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Stern","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0718","article-title":"Add-on rTMS for medication-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial in Chinese patients","volume":"66","author":"Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000387","article-title":"Two versus one high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation session per day for treatment-resistant depression: A randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Theleritis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.05.009","article-title":"Right and left dorsolateral pre-frontal rTMS treatment of refractory depression: a randomized, sham-controlled trial","volume":"178","author":"Triggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000333","article-title":"Increasing placebo responses over time in U.S. clinical trials of neuropathic pain","volume":"156","author":"Tuttle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.14.1840","article-title":"Placebo response in studies of major depression: variable, substantial, and growing","volume":"287","author":"Walsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318219a086","article-title":"Decreased serum BDNF levels in patients with epileptic and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.06.009","article-title":"High-frequency rTMS treatment increases left prefrontal myo-inositol in young patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv059","article-title":"Abnormal anterior cingulate N-Acetylaspartate and executive functioning in treatment-resistant depression after rTMS therapy","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027858461730564X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027858461730564X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T14:19:58Z","timestamp":1693145998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027858461730564X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S027858461730564X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on placebo response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}