{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:10:53Z","timestamp":1771557053169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T19:02:53Z","timestamp":1513018973000},"page":"142-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Telomerase level increase is related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid efficacy in first episode schizophrenia: Secondary outcome analysis of the OFFER randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Pawe\u0142czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6673-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Grancow-Grabka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Trafalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Szemraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"\u017burner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1900-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pawe\u0142czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0005","series-title":"Reliability and Validity of a Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenics","first-page":"201","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Addington","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.192","article-title":"Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Amminger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.040","article-title":"Antipsychotic dose equivalents and dose-years: a standardized method for comparing exposure to different drugs","volume":"67","author":"Andreasen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14794","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190914794","article-title":"Enhanced antioxidant capacity and anti-ageing biomarkers after diet micronutrient supplementation","volume":"19","author":"Balcerczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1206","article-title":"Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Berger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.06.016","article-title":"Telomerase activation as a possible mechanism of action for psychopharmacological interventions","volume":"20","author":"Bersani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.11.036","article-title":"Telomeres and telomerase: their mechanisms of action and the effects of altering their functions","volume":"579","author":"Blackburn","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.08.010","article-title":"Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance","volume":"1851","author":"Calder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7301","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14236","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate aging via redox-telomere-antioncogene axis","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0050","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000356","article-title":"The association between psychiatric disorders and telomere length: a meta-analysis involving 14,827 persons","volume":"78","author":"Darrow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.10.008","article-title":"Changes in stress, eating, and metabolic factors are related to changes in telomerase activity in a randomized mindfulness intervention pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Daubenmier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2012.01240.x","article-title":"Development, reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire in the Poland arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study","volume":"25","author":"Dehghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2005.08.017","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit telomerase activity in DLD-1 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: a dual mechanism approach","volume":"1737","author":"Eitsuka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1596","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled study of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid as supplemental treatment in schizophrenia","volume":"159","author":"Emsley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0080","series-title":"Dynamics of Telomerase Activity in Response to Acute Psychological Stress","first-page":"531","volume":"vol. 24","author":"Epel","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.018","article-title":"Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in schizophrenia","volume":"74","author":"Flatow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0090","series-title":"Fundamentals of Clinical Trials","author":"Friedman","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1139\/o11-037","article-title":"Human telomerase expression regulation","volume":"89","author":"Gladych","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8645-5","article-title":"Role of Sirt1 during the ageing process: relevance to protection of synapses in the brain","volume":"50","author":"Godoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0105","series-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology-Revised","first-page":"218","article-title":"Guy \u2013 The Clinical Global Impression Scale","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.5.654","article-title":"A brief mental health outcome scale-reliability and validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)","volume":"166","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.09.004","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18553","article-title":"Association of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number with risperidone treatment response in first-episode antipsychotic-na\u00efve schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.05.007","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging","volume":"55","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0135","article-title":"Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.02.008","article-title":"Shorter leukocyte telomere length in patients at ultra high risk for psychosis","volume":"27","author":"Maurya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2902","article-title":"Effect of \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in young people at ultrahigh risk for psychotic disorders: the NEURAPRO randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"McGorry","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S82468","article-title":"Telomere length in blood cells is related to the chronicity, severity, and recurrence rate of schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Pawelczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0473-2","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids in first-episode schizophrenia - a randomized controlled study of efficacy and relapse prevention (OFFER): rationale, design, and methods","volume":"15","author":"Pawe\u0142czyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawe\u0142czyk, T., Trafalska, E., Pawe\u0142czyk, A., 2015b. Differences in omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis, first-episode schizophrenia, and in healthy \u2026. Early intervention in \u2026 doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eip.12267.","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12267"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.11.013","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of the efficacy of six-month supplementation with concentrated fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in first episode schizophrenia","volume":"73","author":"Pawe\u0142czyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(01)00048-6","article-title":"A dose-ranging exploratory study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with persistent schizophrenic symptoms","volume":"36","author":"Peet","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.07.015","article-title":"Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in schizophrenia: a review","volume":"24","author":"Plitman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.08.028","article-title":"Telomerase levels in schizophrenia: a preliminary study","volume":"106","author":"Porton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.04.010","article-title":"Accelerated leukocyte telomere erosion in schizophrenia: evidence from the present study and a meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32403","article-title":"Variants in TERT influencing telomere length are associated with paranoid schizophrenia risk","volume":"171B","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35739","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035739","article-title":"Connection between telomerase activity in PBMC and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Rentoukas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.07.005","article-title":"History of mental disorders and leukocyte telomere length in late adulthood: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS)","volume":"46","author":"Savolainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.08.006","article-title":"Protectins and maresins: new pro-resolving families of mediators in acute inflammation and resolution bioactive metabolome","volume":"1851","author":"Serhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(02)02110-2","article-title":"Oxidative stress shortens telomeres","volume":"27","author":"von Zglinicki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584617306358?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584617306358?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T07:37:09Z","timestamp":1656315429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584617306358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0278584617306358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Telomerase level increase is related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid efficacy in first episode schizophrenia: Secondary outcome analysis of the OFFER randomized clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}