{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:56:45Z","timestamp":1790816205002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T13:40:10Z","timestamp":1560778810000},"page":"109670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Protective effects of \u03b2- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide against motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-ling","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-qian","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-fang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-tian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803790105","article-title":"A role for the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 in regulating energy homeostasis","volume":"105","author":"Ahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5552-09.2010","article-title":"NAD+ depletion is necessary and sufficient for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated neuronal death","volume":"30","author":"Alano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8554-z","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: interactions of oxidative stress, tryptophan catabolites and depression with mitochondria and sirtuins","volume":"49","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.004","article-title":"PARP-1 inhibition increases mitochondrial metabolism through SIRT1 activation","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.01.007","article-title":"The new life of a centenarian: signalling functions of NAD(P)","volume":"29","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00067-2","article-title":"Functional changes of the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson's disease","volume":"62","author":"Blandini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13731","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"139","author":"Bose","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70118-2","article-title":"New experimental and clinical links between the hippocampus and the dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Calabresi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5168","article-title":"Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD(+)","volume":"352","author":"Cambronne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.08.008","article-title":"A mitochondrial etiology of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease","volume":"1820","author":"Coskun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models","volume":"39","author":"Dauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.104","article-title":"Deficiency of Parkinson's disease-related gene Fbxo7 is associated with impaired mitochondrial metabolism by PARP activation","volume":"24","author":"Delgado-Camprubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.05.007","article-title":"The neurobiology of sirtuins and their role in neurodegeneration","volume":"33","author":"Donmez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.004","article-title":"NAD(+) replenishment improves lifespan and healthspan in Ataxia telangiectasia models via mitophagy and DNA repair","volume":"24","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.08.001","article-title":"NAD(+) in aging: molecular mechanisms and translational implications","volume":"23","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283","article-title":"Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity","volume":"114","author":"Fearnley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858415574600","article-title":"The Parkinson disease mitochondrial hypothesis: where are we at?","volume":"22","author":"Franco-Iborra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.478","article-title":"Organelle isolation: functional mitochondria from mouse liver, muscle and cultured fibroblasts","volume":"2","author":"Frezza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.005","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside restores cognition through an upregulation of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha regulated beta-secretase 1 degradation and mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer's mouse models","volume":"34","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.04.020","article-title":"Protective effects of green tea polyphenols in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease through inhibition of ROS-NO pathway","volume":"62","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.05.007","article-title":"FGF18 protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal damage in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"356","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00343","article-title":"Osteocalcin ameliorates motor dysfunction in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease rat model through AKT\/GSK3beta signaling","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.01.002","article-title":"Sirt3 promotes the urea cycle and fatty acid oxidation during dietary restriction","volume":"41","author":"Hallows","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2014.04.002","article-title":"NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease","volume":"24","author":"Imai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1995.0016","article-title":"6-Hydroxydopamine lesion of the rat substantia nigra: time course and morphology of cell death","volume":"4","author":"Jeon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"147","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025346","article-title":"Dissociation of progressive dopaminergic neuronal death and behavioral impairments by Bax deletion in a mouse model of Parkinson's diseases","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1707-x","article-title":"Classification of advanced stages of Parkinson's disease: translation into stratified treatments","volume":"124","author":"Kruger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11783","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms130911783","article-title":"Mechanisms of oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic modulation via fumaric acid esters","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12679","article-title":"SIRT3 deregulation is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2166","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.72","article-title":"Parp mutations protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in a PARKIN model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Lehmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0160","first-page":"141","article-title":"Enhancing NAD(+) salvage metabolism is neuroprotective in a PINK1 model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Lehmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1507-8","article-title":"SIRT3 attenuates MPTP-induced nigrostriatal degeneration via enhancing mitochondrial antioxidant capacity","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1842","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves energy activity and survival rate in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03421-7","article-title":"Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD(+) in healthy middle-aged and older adults","volume":"9","author":"Martens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4623","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-01-0033","article-title":"Evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved cellular localizations and functions of human SIRT proteins","volume":"16","author":"Michishita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3877","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and inheritance during cell division, development and disease","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.016","article-title":"The NAD(+)\/Sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through activation of mitochondrial UPR and FOXO signaling","volume":"154","author":"Mouchiroud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001","article-title":"Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy","volume":"1833","author":"Nikoletopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222538099","article-title":"SIRT3, a human SIR2 homologue, is an NAD-dependent deacetylase localized to mitochondria","volume":"99","author":"Onyango","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143780","article-title":"Sirtuin 2 inhibitors rescue alpha-synuclein-mediated toxicity in models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"317","author":"Outeiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13595","article-title":"a-Synuclein strains and the variable pathologies of synucleinopathies","volume":"139","author":"Peelaerts","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7145","article-title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and neurodegeneration","volume":"28","author":"Pehar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9944-9","article-title":"The interaction of mitochondrial biogenesis and fission\/fusion mediated by PGC-1alpha regulates rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity","volume":"54","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-016-9693-6","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and facilitates pharmacological activity of atorvastatin in 6-OHDA induced dopaminergic toxicity in rats","volume":"31","author":"Prajapati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00066-R","article-title":"Dose-dependent lesions of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway induced by intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine","volume":"67","author":"Przedborski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201404118","article-title":"Drosophila Sirt2\/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase beta and regulates complex V activity","volume":"206","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(98)00078-8","article-title":"The overall rod performance test in the MPTP-treated-mouse model of parkinsonism","volume":"83","author":"Rozas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00005-8","article-title":"CNS plasticity and assessment of forelimb sensorimotor outcome in unilateral rat models of stroke, cortical ablation, parkinsonism and spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Schallert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61010-2","article-title":"Slowing of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease: future therapeutic perspectives","volume":"384","author":"Schapira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.009","article-title":"The NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside rescues mitochondrial defects and neuronal loss in iPSC and fly models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Schondorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3156","article-title":"Mitochondrial transport in neurons: impact on synaptic homeostasis and neurodegeneration","volume":"13","author":"Sheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx100","article-title":"Sirt3 protects dopaminergic neurons from mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0270","article-title":"Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration","volume":"2011","author":"Shukla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9361-5","article-title":"ALCAR exerts neuroprotective and pro-neurogenic effects by inhibition of glial activation and oxidative stress via activation of the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling in parkinsonian rats","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0741605.x","article-title":"Autoxidation and neurotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine in the presence of some antioxidants: potential implication in relation to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"74","author":"Soto-Otero","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.06.005","article-title":"The dynamic regulation of NAD metabolism in mitochondria","volume":"23","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.001","article-title":"Sirtuin 2 enhances dopaminergic differentiation via the AKT\/GSK-3beta\/beta-catenin pathway","volume":"56","author":"Szego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2013.02.011","article-title":"Determination of apoptosis and necrotic cell death in vitro and in vivo","volume":"61","author":"Vanden Berghe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4854","article-title":"NAD(+) in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration","volume":"350","author":"Verdin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.3.482","article-title":"The open-field test: a critical review","volume":"83","author":"Walsh","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7958","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-21-07958.2003","article-title":"Diadenosine tetraphosphate protects against injuries induced by ischemia and 6-hydroxydopamine in rat brain","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21379","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.018911","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 and PGC-1\u03b2 regulate mitochondrial density in neurons","volume":"284","author":"Wareski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.11.003","article-title":"Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv002","article-title":"Neuronal death induced by misfolded prion protein is due to NAD+ depletion and can be relieved in vitro and in vivo by NAD+ replenishment","volume":"138","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.024","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 through the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-217513","article-title":"The effects of BAFF and BAFF-R-Fc fusion protein in immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"114","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417921112","article-title":"In vivo NAD assay reveals the intracellular NAD contents and redox state in healthy human brain and their age dependences","volume":"112","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584618310121?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584618310121?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T19:49:52Z","timestamp":1759520992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584618310121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0278584618310121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protective effects of \u03b2- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide against motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109670","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109670"}}