{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:18:59Z","timestamp":1785161939618,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009908","name":"Grosserer L F Foghts Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovation Fund Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T15:55:24Z","timestamp":1755100524000},"page":"111470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Whole blood BDNF is lower in patients with depression and unchanged by escitalopram in patients and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Miriam L.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberte Wollesen","family":"Breum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Ozenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arafat","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar Sanjay","family":"Aripaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Armand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Balslev","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibe G.","family":"Frokjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitte M.","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51448-2","article-title":"Functional brain responses to emotional faces after three to five weeks of intake of escitalopram in healthy individuals: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study","volume":"14","author":"Armand","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.626906","article-title":"Blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and major depression: do we have a translational perspective?","volume":"15","author":"Arosio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301355","article-title":"Antiplatelet properties of escitalopram in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a dose-ranging in vitro study","volume":"32","author":"Atar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol.: Off. Public. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.11.016","article-title":"Effects of fluoxetine and venlafaxine on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in depressed patients","volume":"33","author":"Ba\u015fterzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci.: AMS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43690-x","article-title":"Genetic contributions to brain serotonin transporter levels in healthy adults","volume":"13","author":"Bruzzone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02830-z","article-title":"Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Calder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.034","article-title":"Antidepressant drugs act by directly binding to TRKB neurotrophin receptors","volume":"184","author":"Casarotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709990812","article-title":"Reduced peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels are normalized by antidepressant treatment","volume":"13","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03740-8","article-title":"Endothelial cells are an important source of BDNF in rat skeletal muscle","volume":"12","author":"Cefis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.09.014","article-title":"Correlation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with severity of depression and treatment response","volume":"79","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed. Forces India"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0065","first-page":"213","article-title":"Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factors in Taiwanese patients with drug-na\u00efve first-episode major depressive disorder: effects of antidepressants","volume":"20","author":"Chiou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.04.020","article-title":"Antiplatelet effects of antidepressant treatment: a randomized comparison between escitalopram and nortriptyline","volume":"126","author":"Fl\u00f6ck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0075","author":"Hlavac"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00099","article-title":"Low doses of LSD acutely increase BDNF blood plasma levels in healthy volunteers","volume":"4","author":"Hutten","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.008","article-title":"Low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in serum of depressed patients probably results from lowered platelet BDNF release unrelated to platelet reactivity","volume":"57","author":"Karege","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0090","author":"Kassambara"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.55","article-title":"No effect of escitalopram versus placebo on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy individuals: a randomised trial","volume":"28","author":"Knorr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0100","article-title":"Predicting treatment outcome in major depressive disorder using serotonin 4 receptor PET brain imaging, functional MRI, cognitive-, EEG-based, and peripheral biomarkers: a NeuroPharm open label clinical trial protocol","volume":"11","author":"K\u00f6hler-Forsberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.4539","article-title":"Serotonin 4 receptor brain binding in major depressive disorder and association with memory dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"K\u00f6hler-Forsberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0510-4","article-title":"BDNF: a key factor with multipotent impact on brain signaling and synaptic plasticity","volume":"38","author":"Kowia\u0144ski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007","article-title":"Serotonin and neuroplasticity \u2013 links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression","volume":"77","author":"Kraus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.04.036","article-title":"Association of depression and cardiovascular disease","volume":"136","author":"Krittanawong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.020","article-title":"BDNF serum concentrations in 2053 participants of the Berlin aging study II","volume":"101","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.08.002","article-title":"Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: findings from the global burden of disease study","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1160\/TH17-04-0288","article-title":"Escitalopram impairs thrombin-induced platelet response, cytoskeletal assembly and activation of associated signalling pathways","volume":"117","author":"Lopez-Vilchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052587","article-title":"The antidepressant duloxetine inhibits platelet function and protects against thrombosis","volume":"23","author":"Lozano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.06.008","article-title":"The effect of antidepressant treatment on blood BDNF levels in depressed patients: a review and methodological recommendations for assessment of BDNF in blood","volume":"87","author":"Madsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.: J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301571","article-title":"Interaction between BDNF and serotonin: role in mood disorders","volume":"33","author":"Martinowich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00363","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a key molecule for memory in the healthy and the pathological brain","volume":"13","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.105","article-title":"Serum BDNF concentrations as peripheral manifestations of depression: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analyses on 179 associations (N=9484)","volume":"19","author":"Molendijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01316-5","article-title":"Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB","volume":"26","author":"Moliner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2015","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.044","article-title":"BDNF as a biomarker for successful treatment of mood disorders: a systematic & quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Polyakova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.84","article-title":"Are the changes in the peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels due to platelet activation?","volume":"6","author":"Serra-Mill\u00e0s","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Psych."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.06.002","article-title":"Release reaction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through PAR1 activation and its two distinct pools in human platelets","volume":"128","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000457131","article-title":"A systematic review of the Clinimetric properties of the 6-item version of the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D6)","volume":"86","author":"Timmerby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.03.009","article-title":"Measurements of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: methodological aspects and demographical data","volume":"73","author":"Trajkovska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"Mdd","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0200","article-title":"Association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0205","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.06.013","article-title":"Serum BDNF levels before treatment predict SSRI response in depression","volume":"35","author":"Wolkowitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of BDNF on neural plasticity in depression","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2014.11.1.84","article-title":"Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at 4 weeks and response to treatment with SSRIs","volume":"11","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy008","article-title":"Association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and brain BDNF levels with major depression and suicide","volume":"21","author":"Youssef","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584625002246?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584625002246?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:58:00Z","timestamp":1772809080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584625002246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0278584625002246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Whole blood BDNF is lower in patients with depression and unchanged by escitalopram in patients and healthy controls","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111470","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111470"}}