{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T06:00:30Z","timestamp":1794636030012,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:18:36Z","timestamp":1758086316000},"page":"111503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cognitive and psychotic effects of ketamine \u201cshort- vs. long-term\u201d therapy in a rat model of depression: Hippocampal TrkB\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/mTOR\/autophagy trajectories"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Safaa K.","family":"Aref","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Z.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia M.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman H.","family":"Eltantawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Taeimah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina Aly","family":"El-Gabry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Hamed","family":"Elshahawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda I.","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abdel-Tawab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Aboul-Fotouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067194","article-title":"Ketamine for the acute treatment of severe suicidal ideation: double blind, randomised placebo controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Abbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283654029","article-title":"Chronic treatment with coenzyme Q10 reverses restraint stress-induced anhedonia and enhances brain mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase activities in rats","volume":"24","author":"Aboul-Fotouh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.12.027","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 displays antidepressant-like activity with reduction of hippocampal oxidative\/nitrosative DNA damage in chronically stressed rats","volume":"104","author":"Aboul-Fotouh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3745-5","article-title":"Behavioral effects of nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine in a rat model of depression: prefrontal cortex level of BDNF protein and monoaminergic neurotransmitters","volume":"232","author":"Aboul-Fotouh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0289","article-title":"Impairments of social interaction in depressive disorder","volume":"19","author":"Akinci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e852","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17f11738","article-title":"Ketamine for depression, 4: in what dose, at what rate, by what route, for how long, and at what frequency?","volume":"78","author":"Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.071","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"278","author":"Bahji","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients","volume":"47","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01673-w","article-title":"Target deconvolution studies of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine: an elusive search","volume":"27","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2015.09.001","article-title":"Measurement of ketamine and xylazine in rat brain by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"77","author":"Bonfanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175221141531","article-title":"Prophylactic effects of sub-anesthesia ketamine on cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in elderly mice","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00075","article-title":"Calcium-dependent and synapsin-dependent pathways for the presynaptic actions of BDNF","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.34","article-title":"Transiently increased glutamate cycling in rat PFC is associated with rapid onset of antidepressant-like effects","volume":"22","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30292-5","article-title":"US Food and Drug Administration approval of esketamine and brexanolone","volume":"6","author":"Cristea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22163","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141122163","article-title":"How Parkinsonian toxins dysregulate the autophagy machinery","volume":"14","author":"Dagda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2023.110871","article-title":"Changes in neurotrophic signaling pathways in brain areas of the chronic mild stress rat model of depression as a signature of ketamine fast antidepressant response\/non-response","volume":"128","author":"Derosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt196563279","article-title":"Pharmacologic effects of ci-581, a new dissociative anesthetic, in man","volume":"6","author":"Domino","year":"1965","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.044","article-title":"Signaling pathways underlying the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine","volume":"62","author":"Duman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.12.016","article-title":"Cognitive effects of the GSK-3 inhibitor \u201clithium\u201d in LPS\/chronic mild stress rat model of depression: hippocampal and cortical neuroinflammation and tauopathy","volume":"83","author":"Ebeid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-1035-1","article-title":"Long-lasting behavioral effects and recognition memory deficit induced by chronic mild stress in mice: effect of antidepressant treatment","volume":"199","author":"Elizalde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123477","article-title":"Linking KATP channel activation to p-AKT\/mTORC1\/eEF2\/BDNF axis unravels Nicorandil\u2019s promise in countering acetaminophen-induced hepatic encephalopathy in mice","volume":"366-367","author":"Essam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0256-5","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of intravenous ketamine as adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD)","volume":"25","author":"Fava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00305-8","article-title":"Chronic mild stress and sucrose consumption: validity as a model of depression","volume":"60","author":"Forbes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0125","article-title":"An unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol for instigating depressive symptoms, behavioral changes and negative health outcomes in rodents","volume":"106","author":"Frisbee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113512909","article-title":"Reviewing the ketamine model for schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Frohlich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71474-9","article-title":"Influence of chronic stress on brain corticosteroid receptors and HPA axis activity","volume":"65","author":"G\u0105dek-Michalska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13010142","article-title":"Ketamine as add-on treatment in psychotic treatment-resistant depression","volume":"13","author":"Ga\u0142uszko-W\u0119gielnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.078360","article-title":"Ketamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are altered by P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein efflux transporters in mice","volume":"46","author":"Ganguly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.036","article-title":"Associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone levels, major depression features and antidepressant effects of ketamine","volume":"373","author":"Georgiou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.11.020","article-title":"The effects of ketamine on cognition in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and priority avenues for future research","volume":"120","author":"Gill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00045","article-title":"GSK-3 mouse models to study neuronal apoptosis and neurodegeneration","volume":"4","author":"G\u00f3mez-Sintes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107300","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in depression","volume":"206","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115073","article-title":"Effects of lithium on cytokine neuro-inflammatory mediators, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and microglial activation in the hippocampus of chronic mild stress-exposed rats","volume":"399","author":"Habib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175916","article-title":"Risperidone impedes glutamate excitotoxicity in a valproic acid rat model of autism: role of ADAR2 in AMPA GluA2 RNA editing","volume":"955","author":"Habib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90194-9","article-title":"Central nervous system effects of subdissociative doses of (S)-ketamine are related to plasma and brain concentrations measured with positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers","volume":"58","author":"Hartvig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2017.06.003","article-title":"GSK3 and its interactions with the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling network","volume":"65","author":"Hermida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.05.014","article-title":"Autophagy: a new mechanism for esketamine as a depression therapeutic","volume":"498","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.043","article-title":"Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor decreased in chronic ketamine abusers","volume":"142","author":"Ke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060762","article-title":"Stereotypies in the autism spectrum disorder: can we rely on an ethological model?","volume":"11","author":"Keller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0205","article-title":"Measurement of rodent stereotyped behavior","author":"Kelley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-018-1466-8","article-title":"Metformin potentiates cognitive and antidepressant effects of fluoxetine in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress and high fat diet: potential involvement of hippocampal c-Jun repression","volume":"391","author":"Khedr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152","article-title":"AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00097-z","article-title":"Efficacy of single and repeated administration of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"72","author":"Kryst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01629-w","article-title":"Ketamine and rapid antidepressant action: new treatments and novel synaptic signaling mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Krystal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24951","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates IL-1\u03b2 mediated iNOS expression in hepatocytes by down-regulating c-Jun","volume":"116","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1187","article-title":"Disrupting hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptors causes HPA axis hyperactivity and excess adiposity","volume":"27","author":"Laryea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7339","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147339","article-title":"Stress-related dysfunction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis-an attempt for understanding resilience?","volume":"22","author":"Leschik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0245","article-title":"Ketamine administration leads to learning-memory dysfunction and decreases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04718-8","article-title":"Study on correlations of BDNF, PI3K, AKT and CREB levels with depressive emotion and impulsive behaviors in drug-na\u00efve patients with first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9268083","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via restoring changes in oxidative stress and the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats","volume":"2020","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2008.00054.x","article-title":"TC-5214 (S-(+)-mecamylamine): a neuronal nicotinic receptor modulator with antidepressant activity","volume":"14","author":"Lippiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.012","article-title":"Repeated intravenous infusions of ketamine: neurocognition in patients with anxious and nonanxious treatment-resistant depression","volume":"259","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.01.001","article-title":"Effects of chronic mild stress on the oxidative parameters in the rat brain","volume":"54","author":"Lucca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5160","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816071116","article-title":"Antidepressant-relevant concentrations of the ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine do not block NMDA receptor function","volume":"116","author":"Lumsden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06834-7","article-title":"Liraglutide improves depressive and cognitive deficits in a high-fat diet rat model of obesity: the role of hippocampal autophagy and the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway","author":"Magdy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320916657","article-title":"Ketamine as an antidepressant: overview of its mechanisms of action and potential predictive biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Matveychuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.091199","article-title":"Ketamine produces lasting disruptions in encoding of sensory stimuli","volume":"316","author":"Maxwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0295","first-page":"106","article-title":"Chronic ketamine reduces the peak frequency of gamma oscillations in mouse prefrontal cortex ex vivo","volume":"4","author":"McNally","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108527","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid exploratory proteomics and ketamine metabolite pharmacokinetics in human volunteers after ketamine infusion","volume":"26","author":"Moaddel","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173411","article-title":"Amisulpride alleviates chronic mild stress-induced cognitive deficits: role of prefrontal cortex microglia and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"885","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.298","article-title":"Neurocognitive effects of ketamine and association with antidepressant response in individuals with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Murrough","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06724-4","article-title":"Depression-like effects induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice are rapidly reversed by a partial negative allosteric modulator of mGlu5 receptor, M-5MPEP","volume":"242","author":"Pa\u0142ucha-Poniewiera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070834","article-title":"Single, repeated, and maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0325","article-title":"Amisulpride attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced cognitive deficits via modulating hippocampal Wnt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in Wistar rats","volume":"124","author":"Raafat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00249","article-title":"Antidepressant mechanism of ketamine: perspective from preclinical studies","volume":"9","author":"Scheuing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.10.036","article-title":"Augmentation of response and remission to serial intravenous subanesthetic ketamine in treatment resistant depression","volume":"155","author":"Shiroma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010037","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-frequency study of intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"173","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.023","article-title":"Silibinin ameliorates anxiety\/depression-like behaviors in amyloid \u03b2-treated rats by upregulating BDNF\/TrkB pathway and attenuating autophagy in hippocampus","volume":"179","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.14712\/fb2016062060250","article-title":"Anxiety and hyperlocomotion induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress can be moderated with melatonin treatment","volume":"62","author":"Spasojevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300532","article-title":"Stress-induced anhedonia in mice is associated with deficits in forced swimming and exploration","volume":"29","author":"Strekalova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00019","article-title":"GSK3\u03b2 and tau protein in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and epilepsy","volume":"14","author":"Toral-Rios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.12.030","article-title":"Stress and ketamine, bimodal influence on cognitive functions","volume":"360","author":"Trofimiuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1362573","article-title":"Recent advances in the crosstalk between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucocorticoids","volume":"15","author":"Tsimpolis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.05.010","article-title":"Social vs. environmental stress models of depression from a behavioural and neurochemical approach","volume":"23","author":"Venzala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.062","article-title":"Ketamine affects memory consolidation: differential effects in T-maze and passive avoidance paradigms in mice","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114558","article-title":"PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway regulates autophagy of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress","volume":"452","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.034","article-title":"Loss of parvalbumin-immunoreactivity in mouse brain regions after repeated intermittent administration of esketamine, but not R-ketamine","volume":"239","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1209703","article-title":"The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.255","article-title":"Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant","volume":"23","author":"Zanos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7604","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17998","article-title":"NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites","volume":"533","author":"Zanos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0492-x","article-title":"Convergent mechanisms underlying rapid antidepressant action","volume":"32","author":"Zanos","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.11.007","article-title":"Repeated ketamine administration redeems the time lag for citalopram's antidepressant-like effects","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520927919","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway regulates autophagy to induce apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by PM2.5 particulate matter","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110115","article-title":"Patchouli alcohol protects against chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressant-like behavior through inhibiting excessive autophagy via activation of mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"127","author":"Zhuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027858462500257X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027858462500257X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T14:19:27Z","timestamp":1762265967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027858462500257X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S027858462500257X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cognitive and psychotic effects of ketamine \u201cshort- vs. long-term\u201d therapy in a rat model of depression: Hippocampal TrkB\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/mTOR\/autophagy trajectories","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111503","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111503"}}