{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:30:01Z","timestamp":1793478601195,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:07:29Z","timestamp":1792228049000},"page":"111978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modulating neuroinflammation with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a scoping review exploring their therapeutic potential in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Otto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper B.","family":"Zantvoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Siskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jentien M.","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0005","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog improves neuronal and behavioral impairment and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of aluminum-induced dementia","volume":"8","author":"Abd el-Rady","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.05.002","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of Eexenatide in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"354","author":"Aksoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02914.x","article-title":"The expression of GLP-1 receptor mRNA and protein allows the effect of GLP-1 on glucose metabolism in the human hypothalamus and brainstem","volume":"92","author":"Alvarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0020","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0025","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00956-6","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis: role of AMPK\/SIRT1 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"30","author":"Ammar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102205","article-title":"Exploring liraglutide in lithium\u2013pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy model in rats: impact on inflammation, mitochondrial function, and behavior","volume":"12","author":"Antmen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182908","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease\u2014from neurodegeneration to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-026-01870-4","article-title":"Tirzepatide attenuates neurotoxicity by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis and restoring neurotrophin expression in an Alzheimer's disease-like rat model","volume":"41","author":"Attia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-017-0331-6","article-title":"Sitagliptin and liraglutide reversed nigrostriatal degeneration of rodent brain in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Badawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112493","article-title":"The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) in type 3 diabetes: GLP-1 controls insulin resistance, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in the brain","volume":"18","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-74038-4","article-title":"Semaglutide attenuates neuroinflammation in mice","author":"Belmont-Rausch","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.05.001","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor is a T cell-negative costimulatory molecule","volume":"36","author":"Ben Nasr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106320","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and immunological properties of GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"182","author":"Bendotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-025-04455-7","article-title":"Repurposing the hypoglycaemic agents for neuroinflammation, a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Blossom","year":"2025","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001995","article-title":"An update on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"\u00c7akici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00274","article-title":"The inflamed brain in schizophrenia: the convergence of genetic and environmental risk factors that lead to uncontrolled neuroinflammation","volume":"14","author":"Comer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15683","article-title":"The role of glia in the physiology and pharmacology of glucagon-like peptide-1: implications for obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration and glaucoma","volume":"179","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.007","article-title":"Emerging TSPO-PET radiotracers for imaging neuroinflammation: a critical analysis","volume":"54","author":"Cumbers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"10278","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00213-0","article-title":"Semaglutide 2\u00b74 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-10-52","article-title":"Prerequisites for cytokine measurements in clinical trials with multiplex immunoassays","volume":"10","author":"De Jager","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00729","article-title":"Dual GLP-1 and GIP agonist Tirzepatide exerted neuroprotective action in a Parkinson's disease rat model","volume":"16","author":"Delvadia","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13607","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: the devil is in the details","volume":"139","author":"DiSabato","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179583","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 receptor activation in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Diz-Chaves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.066647","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia-related psychosis: A PET study","volume":"50","author":"Doorduin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1033479","article-title":"The mechanism and efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051746","article-title":"Liraglutide protects against brain amyloid-\u03b21\u201342 accumulation in female mice with early alzheimer's disease-like pathology by partially rescuing oxidative\/nitrosative stress and inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Duarte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Liraglutide in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2b clinical trial","volume":"2025","author":"Edison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177305","article-title":"The GLP-1 agonist semaglutide ameliorates cognitive regression in P301S tauopathy mice model via autophagy\/ACE2\/SIRT1\/FOXO1-mediated microglia polarization","volume":"991","author":"Elbadawy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104583","article-title":"Mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of GLP-1 in a rat model of Parkinson's with pre-existing diabetes","volume":"131","author":"Elbassuoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.05.014","article-title":"Structural brain alterations in schizophrenia following fetal exposure to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8","volume":"121","author":"Ellman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03736-4","article-title":"The anti-seizure effect of Liraglutide on Ptz-induced convulsions through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"48","author":"Erdogan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31083\/JIN27636","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: an overview of evidence and implications for pathophysiology","volume":"24","author":"Ermakov","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.02.012","article-title":"Two novel dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonists are neuroprotective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"133","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1473","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg versus dulaglutide 1.5 mg in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (award-11)","volume":"44","author":"Frias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115871","article-title":"Evidence for cytokine dysregulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a comparison of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples","volume":"335","author":"Gallego","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.2332","article-title":"Semaglutide treatment of antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia, prediabetes, and obesity","author":"Ganeshalingam","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10402","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01867-5","article-title":"Reduction of hippocampal IL-6 levels in LPS-injected rats following acute exendin-4 treatment","volume":"393","author":"G\u00e9a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.86831","article-title":"Targeting redox imbalance in neurodegeneration: characterizing the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"13","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01976-6","article-title":"The association between inflammatory markers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Gigase","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression","volume":"21","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43","article-title":"SYRCLE'S risk of bias tool for animal studies","volume":"14","author":"Hooijmans","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114910","article-title":"Targeting Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of mechanisms and pharmacological interventions","volume":"159","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70110","article-title":"Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on pro-inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in individuals with alcohol use disorder: post hoc results from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Hviid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12711","article-title":"No cognitive-enhancing effect of GLP-1 receptor agonism in antipsychotic-treated, obese patients with schizophrenia","volume":"136","author":"Ish\u00f8y","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0343-6","article-title":"Liraglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"55","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13186","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of semaglutide in people with hepatic impairment","volume":"20","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.07.001","article-title":"Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia: a pathway analysis of GWAS data","volume":"122","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0637","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9002","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71106","article-title":"Effects of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP\/GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists on Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Kanbay","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2013.04.005","article-title":"Cytokine assays: an assessment of the preparation and treatment of blood and tissue samples","volume":"61","author":"Keustermans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110170","article-title":"A novel protective modality against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease: a pre-clinical study with dulaglutide","volume":"119","author":"Khalaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00171-1","article-title":"Relationships between interleukins, neurotransmitters and psychopathology in drug-free male schizophrenics","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106550","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and neuroinflammation: implications for neurodegenerative disease treatment","volume":"186","author":"Kopp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1220","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide treatment on prediabetes and overweight or obesity in clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Larsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.04.008","article-title":"What does the PANSS mean?","volume":"79","author":"Leucht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.09.006","article-title":"Extrapolation between measures of symptom severity and change: an examination of the PANSS and CGI","volume":"98","author":"Levine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2231","article-title":"The GLP-1\/GIP dual-receptor agonist DA5-CH inhibits the NF-\u03baB inflammatory pathway in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease more effectively than the GLP-1 single-receptor agonist NLY01","volume":"11","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11920","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05037-7","article-title":"A novel dual GLP-1\/CCK receptor agonist improves cognitive performance and synaptogenesis in the 5 \u00d7 FAD Alzheimer mouse model","volume":"62","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003057","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of in vivo microglial imaging studies","volume":"49","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317520953041","article-title":"The dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonist DA4-JC shows superior protective properties compared to the GLP-1 analogue Liraglutide in the APP\/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Maskery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFarlane, A., Pohler, E., & Moraga, I. (2023). Molecular and cellular factors determining the functional pleiotropy of cytokines. FEBS J., 290(10), 2525\u20132552. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/FEBS.16420;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16420"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life12121972","article-title":"Cytokines as potential biomarkers of clinical characteristics of schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Mednova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.06.003","article-title":"Inflammatory processes in schizophrenia: a promising neuroimmunological target for the treatment of negative\/cognitive symptoms and beyond","volume":"132","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.04.013","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000323","article-title":"The effects of peripheral inflammation on the brain \u2013 a neuroimaging perspective","volume":"30","author":"Millett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3509","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S506957","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the pharmacokinetics and drug\u2212drug interactions of approved GLP-1 receptor agonists and a dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonist","volume":"19","author":"Min","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920002217","article-title":"Proinflammatory biomarkers are associated with prediabetes in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Moller","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0360","article-title":"Interaction between peripheral and central immune markers in clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"30","author":"Nisha Aji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"issue":"10148","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31773-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of semaglutide compared with liraglutide and placebo for weight loss in patients with obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 trial","volume":"392","author":"O'Neil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0375","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.07.017","article-title":"Memory impairment correlates with increased S100B serum concentrations in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0385","article-title":"The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"18","author":"Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0058-9","article-title":"Is psychosis a multisystem disorder? A meta-review of central nervous system, immune, cardiometabolic, and endocrine alterations in first-episode psychosis and perspective on potential models","volume":"24","author":"Pillinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000789","article-title":"Brain vasculature disturbance in schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Puvogel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaf265","article-title":"Liraglutide improves cognitive function by reducing amyloid-beta peptide accumulation and inhibiting inflammation in 5 \u00d7 FAD mice","volume":"81","author":"Qi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.970925","article-title":"The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: an in-depth review","volume":"16","author":"Reich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110643","article-title":"Exendin-4 protects the dopaminergic neurons by attenuating inflammatory responses of microglial cells via activation of AMPK","volume":"279","author":"Rimal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.11.023","article-title":"Cytokines dysregulation in schizophrenia: a systematic review of psychoneuroimmune relationship","volume":"197","author":"Rodrigues-Amorim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-01029-3","article-title":"Repurposing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"6","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109647","article-title":"Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, amends experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced multiple sclerosis in mice: involvement of the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway","volume":"115","author":"Sadek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111459","article-title":"Beyond dopamine: exploring anti-inflammatory mechanisms of antipsychotics","volume":"141","author":"\u0160af\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114187","article-title":"Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of incretin receptor agonists showing promise as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapeutics","volume":"180","author":"Salameh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084161","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and epilepsy: from pathophysiology to therapies based on repurposing drugs","volume":"25","author":"Sanz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0445","article-title":"Semaglutide and early-stage metabolic abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Sass","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00557-6","article-title":"Emerging principles of cytokine pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"22","author":"Saxton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0603-9","article-title":"IL-2 and IL-4 polymorphisms as candidate genes in schizophrenia","volume":"256","author":"Schwarz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119523","article-title":"Reduction in TNF alpha and oxidative stress by liraglutide: impact on ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and hyperlocomotion in rats","volume":"278","author":"Sedky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.018","article-title":"Adjunctive therapy with statins in schizophrenia patients: a meta-analysis and implications","volume":"262","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"6753","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx0043","article-title":"Neuroinflammation across neurological diseases","volume":"388","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.04.010","article-title":"GLP-1: molecular mechanisms and outcomes of a complex signaling system","volume":"128","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.09.024","article-title":"Exenatide reduces TNF-\u03b1 expression and improves hippocampal neuron numbers and memory in streptozotocin treated rats","volume":"765","author":"Solmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10056","article-title":"Exenatide, a GLP-1 analog, has healing effects on LPS-induced autism model: inflammation, oxidative stress, gliosis, cerebral GABA, and serotonin interactions","volume":"80","author":"Solmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.10.013","article-title":"Immunological aspects in the neurobiology of suicide: elevated microglial density in schizophrenia and depression is associated with suicide","volume":"42","author":"Steiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0495","article-title":"The immunomodulatory effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in neurogenerative diseases and ischemic stroke treatment","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.188","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(26)00014-3","article-title":"Association between GLP-1 receptor agonist use and worsening mental illness in people with depression and anxiety in Sweden: a national cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Taipale","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01721-1","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: current progress in molecular signaling and therapeutics","volume":"46","author":"Thakur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.008","article-title":"The novel GLP-1\/GIP dual receptor agonist DA3-CH is neuroprotective in the pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis rat model","volume":"154","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000952","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and weight loss in schizophrenia - past, present, and future","volume":"37","author":"Trott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171068","article-title":"Exendin-4 treatment improves LPS-induced depressive-like behavior without affecting pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"7","author":"Ventorp","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0636","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101737","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4\u00a0mg on C-reactive protein in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1, 2, and 3): exploratory analyses of three randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"55","author":"Verma","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx035","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and tryptophan catabolite alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.5052","article-title":"Semaglutide attenuates seizure severity and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction by blocking the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.03.009","article-title":"Post-treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alleviate chronic inflammation and mitochondrial stress induced by status epilepticus","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.11.022","article-title":"Semaglutide promotes the transition of microglia from M1 to M2 type to reduce brain inflammation in APP\/PS1\/tau mice","volume":"563","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.02.001","article-title":"Inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid markers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 69 studies with 5710 participants","volume":"266","author":"Warren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, J., Li, M., Wong, S., Le, G. H., Teopiz, K. M., Valentino, K., Dri, C. E., & McIntyre, R. S. (2025). Are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists central nervous system (CNS) penetrant: a narrative review. Neurol. Ther. 2025 14:4, 14(4), 1157\u20131166. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40120-025-00724-Y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00724-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.2002616","article-title":"Managing the gastrointestinal side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in obesity: recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"134","author":"Wharton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718773728","article-title":"An overview of animal models related to schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Winship","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002678","article-title":"Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"50","author":"Wootton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0575","series-title":"International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S470826","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0585","first-page":"0","article-title":"Exendin-4 and linagliptin attenuate neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"0","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-026-05568-0","article-title":"Semaglutide ameliorates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"481","author":"Yuan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251329439","article-title":"Semaglutide improves cognitive function and neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice by activating AMPK and inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"105","author":"Zhai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0610","article-title":"DA5-CH and semaglutide protect against neurodegeneration and reduce \u03b1 -synuclein levels in the 6-OHDA Parkinson's disease rat model","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parkinson's Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.389361","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1\/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide dual receptor agonist DA-CH5 is superior to exendin-4 in protecting neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat Parkinson model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111529","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs mitigate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease by suppressing NLRP2 activation in astrocytes","volume":"542","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0625","article-title":"The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits necroptosis and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease with diabetes co-morbidity","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00296-1","article-title":"Elevated interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 serum levels in neuroleptic-free schizophrenia: association with psychopathology","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0620","article-title":"A dual GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonist is more effective than Liraglutide in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"2023","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115537","article-title":"Semaglutide attenuates Alzheimer's disease model progression by targeting microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and ferroptosis","volume":"396","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978_bb0635","first-page":"541","article-title":"Conceptual and methodological issues relevant to cytokine and inflammatory marker measurements in clinical research","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"}],"container-title":["Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584626003763?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278584626003763?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:47:34Z","timestamp":1793476054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278584626003763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":126,"alternative-id":["S0278584626003763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5846","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modulating neuroinflammation with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a scoping review exploring their therapeutic potential in schizophrenia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111978","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111978"}}