{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:22:23Z","timestamp":1778739743196,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,9]],"date-time":"2013-02-09T20:17:27Z","timestamp":1360441047000},"page":"17-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry E.","family":"Bleske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Van Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Hogikyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeong","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Chavey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182009701","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132011 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"123","author":"Roger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.021","article-title":"Comparison of multidetector computed tomography and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography for left ventricular assessment in patients with heart failure","volume":"99","author":"Butler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181f9ddfb","article-title":"Gated SPECT offers improved interobserver agreement compared with echocardiography","volume":"35","author":"Hovland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000041428.99427.06","article-title":"Exercise anaerobic threshold and ventilatory efficiency identify heart failure patients for high risk of early death","volume":"106","author":"Gitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.138","article-title":"Combining peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency in the prognostic assessment of patients with heart failure","volume":"123","author":"Bard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020233","article-title":"Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure","volume":"347","author":"Maisel","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2","article-title":"BNP-guided vs symptom-guided heart failure therapy: the trial of intensified vs standard medical therapy in elderly patients with congestive heart failure (TIME-CHF) randomized trial","volume":"301","author":"Pfisterer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.06.121","article-title":"The meaning of hypokalemia in heart failure","volume":"158","author":"Bielecka-Dabrowa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib9","first-page":"I-24","article-title":"Nocturnal hypokalemia in patients with congestive heart failure treated with diuretics","volume":"98","author":"Nicklas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.16.2429","article-title":"New guideline for potassium replacement in clinical practice: a contemporary review by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice","volume":"160","author":"Cohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1362","article-title":"Self-management counseling in patients with heart failure: the heart failure adherence and retention randomized behavioral trial","volume":"304","author":"Powell","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000151811.53450.B8","article-title":"Discharge education improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"111","author":"Koelling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.107.744870","article-title":"Long-term prospective, randomized, controlled study using repetitive education at six-month intervals and monitoring for adherence in heart failure outpatients: the REMADHE trial","volume":"1","author":"Bocchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq056","article-title":"Exercise training for systolic heart failure: cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.454","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.08.043","article-title":"Medium term effects of different dosage of diuretic, sodium, and fluid administration on neurohormonal and clinical outcome in patients with recently compensated heart failure","volume":"103","author":"Paterna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01726-6","article-title":"Myocardial viability testing and impact of revasculaization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Allman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100356","article-title":"Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"364","author":"Velazquez","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100358","article-title":"Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"364","author":"Bonow","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900559","article-title":"Coronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction","volume":"360","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.09.073","article-title":"Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty on mortality risk in patients with mitral regrugitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352601","article-title":"Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"335","author":"Moss","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412503","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"341","author":"Buxton","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013474","article-title":"Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"346","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033088","article-title":"Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"350","author":"Kadish","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711273372201","article-title":"Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coromary-artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"337","author":"Bigger","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041489","article-title":"Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"351","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01489.x","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillators: do women fare worse than men? gender comparison in the INTRINSIC RV trial","volume":"20","author":"Russo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.03.042","article-title":"Gender differences in clinical outcome and primary prevention defibrillator benefit in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Santangeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.255","article-title":"Effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in women with advanced heart failure","volume":"169","author":"Ghanbari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032423","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure","volume":"350","author":"Bristow","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050496","article-title":"The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Cleland","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.08.011","article-title":"Prevention of disease progression by cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Daubert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.024","article-title":"Reduction of the risk of recurring heart failure events with cardiac resynchronization therapy MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)","volume":"58","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","year":"1987","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271003","article-title":"The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions","volume":"327","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9","article-title":"The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study (CIBIS II): a randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"CIBIS II Investigators and Committees","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04440-2","article-title":"Effect of metoprolol CR\/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR\/XL: randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF)","volume":"353","author":"MERIT HF Study Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442201","article-title":"Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure","volume":"344","author":"Packer","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442202","article-title":"A\u00a0trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in patients with advanced chronic heart failure","volume":"344","author":"The Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial Investigators","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13800-7","article-title":"Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial","volume":"362","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","article-title":"Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"348","author":"Pitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","article-title":"Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms","volume":"364","author":"Zannad","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040135","article-title":"Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the randomized aldactone evaluation study","volume":"351","author":"Juurlink","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02213-3","article-title":"Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial\u2014the losartan heart failure survival study ELITE II","volume":"355","author":"Pitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14284-5","article-title":"Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial","volume":"362","author":"Granger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14283-3","article-title":"Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial","volume":"362","author":"McMurray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010713","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure","volume":"345","author":"Cohn","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801317","article-title":"Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events","volume":"358","author":"The ONTARGET Investigators","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606123142404","article-title":"Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study","volume":"314","author":"Cohn","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"Cohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(99)90001-5","article-title":"Racial differences in response to therapy for heart failure: analysis of the vasodilator-heart failure trials","volume":"5","author":"Carson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042934","article-title":"Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure","volume":"351","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808063390607","article-title":"Diuretic therapy","volume":"339","author":"Brater","year":"1998","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04810.x","article-title":"Torsemide administration in patients with decompensated and compensated congestive heart failure","volume":"38","author":"Bleske","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.034","article-title":"Combination of loop diuretics with thiazide-type diuretics in heart failure","volume":"56","author":"Jentzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801","article-title":"The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure","volume":"336","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.871","article-title":"Association of serum digoxin concentration and outcomes in patients with heart failure","volume":"289","author":"Rathore","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198808183190701","article-title":"The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group. The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction","volume":"319","year":"1988","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.1.52","article-title":"Diltiazem increases late-onset congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection fraction","volume":"83","author":"Goldstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610103351504","article-title":"Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure","volume":"335","author":"Packer","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002230.pub2","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors for heart failure","author":"Amsallem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2435-6","article-title":"Dobutamine for patients with severe heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Tacon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.03.051","article-title":"In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an anlysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry (ADHERE)","volume":"46","author":"Abraham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103213241201","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial","volume":"324","author":"Echt","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706201","article-title":"Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"357","author":"Kjekshus","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61240-4","article-title":"Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"GISSI-HF Investigators","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61239-8","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure(the GISSI-HF trial): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"GISSI-HF Investigators","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.602136","article-title":"Aspirin use and outcomes in a community-based cohort of 7352 patients discharged after first hospitalization for heart failure","volume":"113","author":"McAlister","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.11.009","volume":"159","author":"Levy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.03.010","article-title":"The warfarin\/aspirin study in heart failure (WASH): a randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for patients with heart failure","volume":"148","author":"Cleland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.801753","article-title":"Randomized trial of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with chronic heart failure: the warfarin and antiplatelet therapy in chronic heart failure (WATCH) trial","volume":"119","author":"Massie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202299","article-title":"Warfarin and aspirin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm","volume":"366","author":"Homma","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.525","article-title":"Increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic heart failure","volume":"169","author":"Gislason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7504.1370","article-title":"Differences in outcomes of patients with congestive heart failure prescribed celecoxib, rofecoxib, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based study","volume":"330","author":"Hudson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025028","article-title":"Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly","volume":"348","author":"Nichol","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.10.004","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial","volume":"10","author":"Holubarsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.121463","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association clas-III heart failure","volume":"143","author":"Tauchert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib82","article-title":"Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure","author":"Pittler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.944025","article-title":"Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure. A population-based prospective study of middle-aged and elderly women","volume":"3","author":"Mostofsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00006","article-title":"The effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"132","author":"Khatta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2006.03.007","article-title":"The impact of coenzyme Q10 on systolic function in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Sander","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.11.1174","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study","volume":"168","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.12.1340","article-title":"Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"168","author":"Dobnig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr032","article-title":"Vitamin D status and outcomes in heart failure patients","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00531-8","article-title":"Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in the Physicians' Health Study enrollment cohort","volume":"35","author":"Gaziano","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00625-2","article-title":"Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2010.10.1812","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Padilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib93","first-page":"810","article-title":"Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission. A systematic review of randomized trials","volume":"44","author":"McAlister","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq221","article-title":"European Society of Cardiology heart Failure Association standards for delivering heart failure care","volume":"13","author":"McDonagh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007228.pub2","article-title":"Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure","author":"Inglis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010029","article-title":"Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure","volume":"363","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-005-6129-4","article-title":"The cardiorenal syndrome: lessons from the ADHERE Database and treatment options","volume":"9","author":"Heywood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(03)00388-9","article-title":"Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in heart failure using classification and regression tree (CART) methodology: analysis of 33,046 patients in the ADHERE registry","volume":"9","author":"Fonarow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.11.061","article-title":"Effect of kidney transplantation on left ventricular systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure in patient with end-stage renal disease","volume":"45","author":"Wali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.061","article-title":"Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Groenveld","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01248-7","article-title":"The effect of correction of mild anemia in severe, resistant congestive heart failure using subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron: a randomized controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Silverberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908355","article-title":"Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency","volume":"361","author":"Anker","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.698514","article-title":"Randomized double-blind trial of darbepoetin alfa in patients with symptomatic heart failure and anemia","volume":"117","author":"Ghali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.02.013","article-title":"Erythropoietin as a treatment of anemia in heart failure: systematic review of randomized trials","volume":"161","author":"Kotecha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00297-6","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk for mortality and heart failure progression in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a retrospective analysis of the SOLVD trials","volume":"32","author":"Dries","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021328","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"347","author":"Wyse","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001337","article-title":"Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"362","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"361","author":"Connolly","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009638","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","article-title":"Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Granger","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.068","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of sertraline for depression in patients with heart failure","volume":"56","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00403-4","article-title":"Are beta-blockers as efficacious in patients with diabetes mellitus as in patients without diabetes mellitus who have chronic heart failure? A meta-analysis of large-scale clinical trials","volume":"146","author":"Haas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.952556","article-title":"Metformin use and mortality in ambulatory patients with diabetes and heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Aguilar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.11.029","article-title":"Effects of pioglitazone on major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: results from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive 10)","volume":"155","author":"Wilcox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.08.060","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction and chronic heart failure","volume":"95","author":"Katz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2009.11","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and heart failure: the role of phophodiesterase type 5 inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Al-Ameri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051001","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea and heart failure","volume":"353","author":"Bradley","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.10.003","article-title":"Palliative care in advanced heart failure: an international review of the perspectives of recipients and health professionals on care provision","volume":"17","author":"Low","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.06.007","article-title":"Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced congestive heart failure","volume":"35","author":"Blinderman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"}],"container-title":["Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095454312001066?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095454312001066?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T17:21:30Z","timestamp":1539883290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0095454312001066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0095454312001066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-4543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-4543","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}