{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:20:23Z","timestamp":1782991223567,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,22]],"date-time":"2014-03-22T23:33:09Z","timestamp":1395531189000},"page":"185-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevention and Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Substance Use in Primary Care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Strobbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib1","series-title":"Substance abuse: the nation\u2019s number one health problem","author":"Horgan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib2","series-title":"Shoveling it up II: the impact of substance abuse on federal, state and local budgets","author":"National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse (CASA)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib3","series-title":"Adolescent substance use: America\u2019s #1 public health problem","author":"National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1635","article-title":"The genetics of addictions: uncovering the genes","volume":"6","author":"Goldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005","article-title":"Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey","volume":"54","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.034","article-title":"The epidemiology of dual diagnosis","volume":"56","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib9","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Smoking attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses\u2014United States, 2000-2004","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib10","series-title":"How tobacco smoke causes disease: the biology and behavioral basis for smoking-attributable disease","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)","year":"2010"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib11","first-page":"889","article-title":"Current cigarette smoking among adults\u2014United States, 2011","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib12","series-title":"Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: a report of the Surgeon General","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)","year":"2012"},{"issue":"No. SS05","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib13","article-title":"Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2009. Surveillance Summaries, June 4, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib14","series-title":"Substance use during pregnancy varies by race and ethnicity","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib15","series-title":"Women and smoking: a report of the Surgeon General","first-page":"177","article-title":"Health consequences of tobacco use among women","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1258\/om.2010.090059","article-title":"Smoking cessation in pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Bittoun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61388-8","article-title":"Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries","volume":"377","author":"Ober","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1238","article-title":"Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000","volume":"291","author":"Mokdad","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.830","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"64","author":"Hasin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00544","article-title":"Behavioral counseling after screening for alcohol misuse in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force","volume":"157","author":"Jonas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib21","series-title":"Helping patients who\u00a0drink too much: a clinician\u2019s guide","author":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib22","unstructured":"Johnson LD, O\u2019Malley PM, Bachman JG, et\u00a0al. Monitoring the future: national survey results on drug use, 1975-2011: volume I: secondary school students. 2012. Available at: http:\/\/monitoringthefuture.org\/pubs\/monographs\/mtf-vol1_2011.pdf. Accessed November 9, 2013."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.2392","article-title":"Extreme binge drinking among 12th-grade students in the United States: prevalence and predictors","volume":"167","author":"Patrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib24","first-page":"9","article-title":"Vital signs: binge drinking among women and high school girls\u2014United States, 2011","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib25","first-page":"534","article-title":"Alcohol use and binge drinking among women of childbearing age\u2014United States, 2006-2010","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1136","article-title":"Binge drinking in the preconception period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: implications for women and their children","volume":"111","author":"Naimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib27","first-page":"159","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome: a summary","volume":"25","author":"May","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib28","first-page":"168","article-title":"Drinking patterns and alcohol-related birth defects","volume":"25","author":"Maier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib29","series-title":"US Surgeon General releases advisory on alcohol use in pregnancy","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)","year":"2005"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recently released drug survey shows marijuana use among U.S. residents continues to increase; no change in heroin use","volume":"22","author":"CESAR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"9584","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61162-3","article-title":"Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"370","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib32","unstructured":"US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), US Department of Justice. Drug scheduling. Available at: http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/dea\/druginfo\/ds.shtml. Accessed November 10, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib33","series-title":"Epidemic: responding to America\u2019s prescription drug abuse crisis","author":"Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), US Executive Office of the President of the United States","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-3-22","article-title":"Commentary: coming to terms with the nonmedical use of prescription medications","volume":"3","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib35","series-title":"Drug facts: prescription and over-the counter medications","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/401","article-title":"Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: a ten-year perspective","volume":"13","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib37","series-title":"Policy impact: prescription painkiller overdoses","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nearly 14% of U.S. residents report lifetime nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers; hydrocodone, codeine\/propoxyphene, and oxycodone most commonly used","volume":"20","author":"CESAR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Majority of nonmedical users of prescription pain relievers get the drugs from friends\/relatives or doctors","volume":"20","author":"CESAR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib40","series-title":"Highlights of the 2011 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) findings on drug-related emergency department visits. The DAWN Report","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib41","series-title":"CBHSQ data review: associations of nonmedical pain reliever use and initiation of heroin use in the United States","author":"Muhuri","year":"2013"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib42","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers\u2014United States, 1999-2008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib43","series-title":"Vital signs: prescription painkiller overdoses: a growing epidemic, especially among women","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.08.003","article-title":"Projecting drug use among again baby boomers in 2020","volume":"16","author":"Colliver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2008.930","article-title":"Prescription drug abuse in the elderly","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Consult Pharm"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smoking by age 12 related to alcohol and drug use\/dependence","volume":"16","author":"CESAR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adults who initiate alcohol use before age 21 more likely to abuse or become dependent on alcohol","volume":"19","author":"CESAR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Teens who frequently have family dinners less likely to drink, smoke, or use drugs","volume":"15","author":"CESAR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Youth attending drug-free and gang-free schools least likely to have ever tried tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana","volume":"19","author":"CESAR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smoking among high school students decreases as cigarette prices increase","volume":"19","author":"CESAR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Federal tobacco tax to increase by 62\u00a2 per pack; increases in tobacco tax have been shown to reduce youth smoking","volume":"18","author":"CESAR","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cesar Fax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib52","series-title":"Primary care interventions to prevent tobacco use in children and adolescents","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib53","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). Available at: http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/prevention\/sbirt. Accessed November 17, 2013."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.9.1102","article-title":"In search of how people change: applications to addictive behaviors","volume":"47","author":"Prochaska","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib55","series-title":"Motivational interviewing: preparing people for change","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1300\/J465v28n03_03","article-title":"Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT): toward a public health approach to the management of substance abuse","volume":"28","author":"Babor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00820.x","article-title":"Brief interventions for alcohol problems: a review","volume":"88","author":"Bien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02429.x","article-title":"Brief physician advice for problem drinkers: long-term efficacy and benefit-cost analysis","volume":"26","author":"Fleming","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00778.x","article-title":"The effects on mortality of brief interventions for problem drinking: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib60","unstructured":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). USPFTF. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org\/. Accessed October 29, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib61","unstructured":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Grade definitions. USPSTF. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org\/uspstf\/grades.htm. Accessed October 29, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib62","series-title":"Counseling and interventions to prevent tobacco use and tobacco-caused disease in adults and pregnant women, Topic Page","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib63","series-title":"Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse, Topic Page","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib64","series-title":"Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults, Topic Page","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib65","series-title":"Screening for illicit drug use, Topic Page","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib66","series-title":"Summary of recommendations for clinical preventive services","author":"American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2841","article-title":"Tobacco, alcohol and other drugs: the role of the pediatrician in prevention, identification and management of substance abuse","volume":"115","author":"Kulig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib68","series-title":"Guidelines for women\u2019s health care","author":"American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG)","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib69","series-title":"Providing guidance on lung cancer screening to patients and physicians","author":"American Lung Association (ALA)","year":"2012"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000433078.14775.15","article-title":"Addressing substance use in primary care","volume":"38","author":"Strobbe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurse Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib71","series-title":"Systems-level implementation of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib72","series-title":"Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-0928-6","article-title":"Primary care validation of a single-question alcohol screening test","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.140","article-title":"A\u00a0single-question screening test for drug use in primary care","volume":"170","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib75","first-page":"95","article-title":"A\u00a0two-item conjoint screen for alcohol and other drug problems","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking","volume":"158","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstr\u00f6m Tolerance Questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib78","series-title":"Alcohol screening and brief intervention for youth: a practitioner\u2019s guide","author":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib79","series-title":"AUDIT: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, guidelines for use in primary care","author":"Babor","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib80","first-page":"55","article-title":"New assessment tools for risk drinking during pregnancy: T-ACE, TWEAK, and others","volume":"18","author":"Russell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.6.607","article-title":"Validity of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test among adolescent clinic patients","volume":"156","author":"Knight","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.08.002","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test","volume":"32","author":"Yudko","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib83","series-title":"Alcohol use and misuse by young adults","first-page":"55","article-title":"Motivating young adults for treatment and lifestyle change","author":"Miller","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib84","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). NIAAA online clinician\u2019s guide online training. Available at: http:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/publications\/clinical-guides-and-manuals\/niaaa-clinicians-guide-online-training. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib85","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Behavioral health treatment services locator, substance abuse treatment services locator. Available at: www.findtreatment.samhsa.gov. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0b013e31828768e4","article-title":"Teaching students about Alcoholics Anonymous an experiential approach","volume":"24","author":"Strobbe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib87","series-title":"Incorporating alcohol pharmacotherapies into medical practice","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib88","unstructured":"US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). State prescription drug monitoring programs. Available at: http:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/faq\/rx_monitor.htm. Accessed November 23, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib89","unstructured":"Dowling G, Denisco RA. Safe prescribing for pain (Medscape CME\/CE). Available at: http:\/\/www.medscape.org\/viewarticle\/770687. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib90","unstructured":"Dowling GJ, Denisco RA. Managing pain patients who abuse prescription drugs (Medscape CME\/CE). Available at: http:\/\/www.medscape.org\/viewarticle\/770440. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2012.07.001","article-title":"American Society of Pain Management Nursing position statement: pain management in patients with substance use disorders","volume":"13","author":"Oliver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.7.751","article-title":"Despite benefit, physicians slow to offer brief advice on harmful use","volume":"299","author":"Kuehn","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1464","article-title":"Clinician suspicion of an alcohol problem: an observational study from the AAFP National Research Network","volume":"11","author":"Vinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib94","first-page":"179","article-title":"Young adults at risk for excess alcohol consumption are often not asked or counseled about drinking alcohol","volume":"27","author":"Hingson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen\u00a0Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.4.635","article-title":"Primary care: is there enough time for prevention?","volume":"93","author":"Yarnall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib96","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Coding for SBI reimbursement. Available at: http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/prevention\/sbirt\/coding.aspx. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib97","unstructured":"H.R. 1424-117. Subtitle B\u2014Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Regulations-and-Guidance\/Health-InsuranceReform\/HealthInsReformforConsume\/downloads\/MHPAEA.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib98","article-title":"Few doctors know how to treat addiction. A new program aims to change that","author":"Boodman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1548-923X.1645","article-title":"Survey on addictions: towards curricular change for family nurse practitioners","volume":"6","author":"Campbell-Heider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2007.00477.x","article-title":"Rethinking prevention in primary care: applying the Chronic Care Model to address health risk behaviors","volume":"85","author":"Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib101","article-title":"Implementing a team-based SBIRT model in primary care clinics","author":"Muench","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Use"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.13.1689","article-title":"Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation","volume":"284","author":"McLellan","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1539","article-title":"Drug addiction: the neurobiology of behavior gone awry","volume":"5","author":"Volkow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib104","unstructured":"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148). 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.healthcare.gov\/where-can-i-read-the-affordable-care-act\/. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib105","unstructured":"Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Substance abuse and the Affordable Care Act. ONDCP. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/healthcare. Accessed November 22, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib106","unstructured":"McLellan TA. Healthcare reform and substance use disorders: how will it affect opportunities for nurses? International Nurses Society on Addictions (IntNSA) 37th Annual Educational Conference, Keynote Address. Washington, DC, October 10, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib107","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Resource Center. Defining the PCMH. Available at: http:\/\/pcmh.ahrq.gov\/page\/defining-pcmh. Accessed December 23, 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v18n01_10","article-title":"The origins of the Minnesota Model of addiction treatment\u2014a first person account","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Dis"}],"container-title":["Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095454314000062?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0095454314000062?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T20:39:17Z","timestamp":1648672757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0095454314000062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0095454314000062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pop.2014.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-4543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-4543","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}}}