{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:04:48Z","timestamp":1775822688531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":131,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T19:22:00Z","timestamp":1747077720000},"page":"100348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Leukoaraiosis does not impact motor outcomes in Parkinson\u2019s patients post deep brain stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rushna","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ruether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayden","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan L.","family":"Maley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhib","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00410-y","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America","volume":"8","author":"Willis","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0117-1","article-title":"Current and projected future economic burden of Parkinson's disease in the U.S","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0128-2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: current challenges and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Lozano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7682","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007682","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of leukoaraiosis from 4683 hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1998.39.1.50","article-title":"The influence of white matter hyperintensities on the clinical features of Parkinson's disease","volume":"39","author":"Sohn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0030","first-page":"505","article-title":"The influence of vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities on the degree of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"42","author":"Slawek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurochir. Pol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.09.005","article-title":"The severity of leukoaraiosis correlates with the clinical phenotype of Parkinson's disease","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.21","article-title":"White matter lesions in Parkinson disease","volume":"7","author":"Bohnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","article-title":"MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging","volume":"149","author":"Fazekas","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.12.1080","article-title":"Grading white matter lesions on CT and MRI: a simple scale","volume":"53","author":"van Swieten","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26698","article-title":"Vascular disease and vascular risk factors in relation to motor features and cognition in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Malek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000305959.46197.e6","article-title":"Association of gait and balance disorders with age-related white matter changes: the LADIS study","volume":"70","author":"Baezner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1159\/000334498","article-title":"2001-2011: a decade of the LADIS (Leukoaraiosis And DISability) study: what have we learned about white matter changes and small-vessel disease?","volume":"32","author":"The","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000319691.50117.54","article-title":"Neuropathologic correlates of white matter hyperintensities","volume":"71","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.02.020","article-title":"Associations between white matter hyperintensities, striatal dopamine loss, and cognition in drug-naive Parkinson's disease","volume":"97","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.1.46","article-title":"Could Wallerian degeneration contribute to \u201cleuko-araiosis\u201d in subjects free of any vascular disorder?","volume":"54","author":"Leys","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.028","article-title":"Visual rating scales of white matter hyperintensities and atrophy: comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"27","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000007921","article-title":"White matter changes on CT and MRI: an overview of visual rating scales. European Task Force on Age-Related White Matter Changes","volume":"39","author":"Scheltens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.07.012","article-title":"Vascular risk factors do not contribute to motor and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Slawek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540260097023","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities in Parkinson's disease","volume":"52","author":"Piccini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Correlations. Arch Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20704","article-title":"Visual rating of white matter hyperintensities in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Beyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint14040076","article-title":"The clinical utility of leukoaraiosis as a prognostic indicator in ischemic stroke patients","volume":"14","author":"Christidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2016-0188","article-title":"Leukoaraiosis is associated with worse short-term functional and cognitive recovery after minor stroke","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035275","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease","volume":"349","author":"Krack","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy037","article-title":"Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guideline on subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with parkinson's disease: executive summary","volume":"82","author":"Rughani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29066","article-title":"European academy of neurology\/movement disorder society-European section guideline on the treatment of Parkinson's disease: I. invasive therapies","volume":"37","author":"Deuschl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.295","article-title":"The clinically important difference on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale","volume":"67","author":"Shulman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70114-5","article-title":"Neuropsychological and psychiatric changes after deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a randomised, multicentre study","volume":"7","author":"Witt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21596","article-title":"Cognition and mood in Parkinson's disease in subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation: the COMPARE trial","volume":"65","author":"Okun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24544","article-title":"White matter tracts lesions and decline of verbal fluency after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Costentin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt151","article-title":"Relation of lead trajectory and electrode position to neuropsychological outcomes of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease: results from a randomized trial","volume":"136","author":"Witt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2019.1701630","article-title":"White matter tracts involved by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: a connectivity study based on preoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography","volume":"34","author":"Vassal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00331-1","article-title":"Mapping motor pathways in parkinson's disease patients with subthalamic deep brain stimulator: a diffusion MRI Tractography study","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75617-1","article-title":"Disrupted white matter integrity and network connectivity are related to poor motor performance","volume":"10","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118089","article-title":"Painting by lesions: White matter hyperintensities disrupt functional networks and global cognition","volume":"236","author":"Crockett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25994","article-title":"Predictors of long-term outcome of subthalamic stimulation in parkinson disease","volume":"89","author":"Cavallieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.05.023","article-title":"The impact of white matter lesions on the cognitive outcome of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"159","author":"Blume","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.037","article-title":"Leukoaraiosis predicts short-term cognitive but not motor recovery in ischemic stroke patients during rehabilitation","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010682","article-title":"Association of leukoaraiosis with convalescent rehabilitation outcome in patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"47","author":"Senda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590112525000520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590112525000520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:22:26Z","timestamp":1775820146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590112525000520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2590112525000520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leukoaraiosis does not impact motor outcomes in Parkinson\u2019s patients post deep brain stimulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100348","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100348"}}