{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:52:23Z","timestamp":1772517143891,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":328,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T08:03:42Z","timestamp":1764144222000},"page":"100410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dystonic tremor in Writer\u2019s cramp Mimicking primary handwriting tremor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5276-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Cataniag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezar Thomas","family":"Suratos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3068-1065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cid Czarina","family":"Diesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jed Noel","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30220","article-title":"Definition and classification of dystonia","volume":"40","author":"Albanese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2006.05.004","article-title":"Pathophysiology of writer's cramp","volume":"25","author":"Hallett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.01.009","article-title":"Clinical profile of various sub-types of writer's cramp","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe (ESDE) Collaborative Group. A prevalence study of primary dystonia in eight European countries. J. Neurol. 247(10) (2000) 787\u201392. doi: 10.1007\/s004150070094. PMID: 11127535.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070094"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23504","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of botulinum toxin therapy for focal hand dystonia: outcome at 10 years or more","volume":"26","author":"Lungu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1159\/000381949","article-title":"A clinical profile of 125 patients with Writer's Cramp","volume":"73","author":"Jhunjhunwala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23827","article-title":"Extreme task specificity in writer's cramp","volume":"26","author":"Shamim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.09.001","article-title":"Focal dystonias of the hand and upper extremity","volume":"33","author":"Torres-Russotto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.09.023","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with focal dystonia","volume":"111","author":"Pekmezovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx228","article-title":"Severity of Writer's cramp is related to faulty motor preparation","volume":"28","author":"Kishore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","article-title":"Tremor task force of the international parkinson and movement disorder society. Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society","volume":"33","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311298","article-title":"Task-specific dystonia: pathophysiology and management","volume":"87","author":"Sadnicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-024-02532-x","article-title":"Quantifying abnormal writing kinematics in writer's cramp using a novel software platform","volume":"124","author":"Vysakha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"issue":"10 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0070","first-page":"900","article-title":"Dystonic tremor","volume":"159","author":"Deuschl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.01.004","article-title":"The clinical and electrophysiological investigation of tremor","volume":"136","author":"Deuschl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23137","article-title":"The diagnostic challenge of primary dystonia: evidence from misdiagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Lalli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.01.021","article-title":"The spiral axis as a clinical tool to distinguish essential tremor from dystonia cases","volume":"20","author":"Michalec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12691","article-title":"How do I evaluate and inject for Writer's Cramp?","volume":"5","author":"Catania","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2013.e24","article-title":"Sensitive training through body awareness to improve the writing of patients with Writer's Cramp","volume":"5","author":"Waissman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0100","unstructured":"E.T. Rolls, A. Treves, Motor systems: cerebellum and basal ganglia, in: Neural Networks and Brain Function, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997. [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524328.003.0009](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524328.003.0009) [Accessed 2025 Nov 5]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.011","article-title":"Mechanism of action of botulinum neurotoxin: unexpected consequences","volume":"147","author":"Hallett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7718-3","article-title":"Accumulation of rare variants in the arylsulfatase G (ARSG) gene in task-specific dystonia","volume":"262","author":"Nibbeling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20919","article-title":"Relative risk of spread of symptoms among the focal onset primary dystonias","volume":"21","author":"Weiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8373-z","article-title":"Focal task specific dystonia: a review and update","volume":"264","author":"Stahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.07.010","article-title":"Botulinum toxin and occupational therapy for Writer's cramp","volume":"169","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0130","article-title":"Long-term (seven-year) follow-up of sensory-motor rehabilitation therapy for task-specific focal hand dystonia","author":"Butler","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_15_17","article-title":"Surgical interventions for task-specific dystonia (Writer's dystonia)","volume":"20","author":"Doshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28613","article-title":"Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for focal hand dystonia: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Horisawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0145","first-page":"2","article-title":"Writing orthotic device for the management of writer's cramp","volume":"28","author":"Singam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.107014","article-title":"Zolpidem improves task-specific dystonia: a randomized clinical trial integrating exploratory transcranial magnetic stimulation and [18F] FDG-PET imaging","volume":"124","author":"Vogelnik \u017dakelj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590112525001161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590112525001161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T04:52:52Z","timestamp":1772513572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590112525001161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S2590112525001161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dystonic tremor in Writer\u2019s cramp Mimicking primary handwriting tremor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2025.100410","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100410"}}