{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:06:19Z","timestamp":1783933579984,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism &amp; Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:24:29Z","timestamp":1767745469000},"page":"100423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Temporal patterns of motor and nonmotor symptom emergence in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cluster analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Sugimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0936-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Totsune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2856-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Oizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takafumi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20844","article-title":"International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson's disease: the NMSQuest study","volume":"21","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9996","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx118","article-title":"Clinical criteria for subtyping Parkinson's disease: biomarkers and longitudinal progression","volume":"140","author":"Fereshtehnejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.013","article-title":"Heterogeneity in progression of prodromal features in Parkinson's disease","volume":"64","author":"Schrag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316213","article-title":"Baseline prevalence and longitudinal evolution of non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease: the PPMI cohort","volume":"89","author":"Simuni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa461","article-title":"Sequence of clinical and neurodegeneration events in Parkinson's disease progression","volume":"144","author":"Oxtoby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa238","article-title":"Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson's disease: a multimodal imaging case-control study","volume":"143","author":"Horsager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26510","article-title":"Nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease subtypes","volume":"31","author":"Marras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.07.027","article-title":"The association between non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and age at onset","volume":"115","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25037","article-title":"A single-question screen for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a multicenter validation study","volume":"27","author":"Postuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.007","article-title":"The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire: validation study of a Japanese version","volume":"10","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26431","article-title":"MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27802","article-title":"Update of the MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease","volume":"34","author":"Heinzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29582","article-title":"Nuclear imaging data-driven classification of Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Totsune","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00542-9","article-title":"Motor and non-motor circuit disturbances in early Parkinson disease: which happens first?","volume":"23","author":"Blesa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2008.07.006","article-title":"A critical evaluation of current staging of alpha-synuclein pathology in Lewy body disorders","volume":"1792","author":"Jellinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0344-8","article-title":"The progression of pathology in longitudinally followed patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"115","author":"Halliday","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae303","article-title":"Delineating three distinct spatiotemporal patterns of brain atrophy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"147","author":"Sakato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106101","article-title":"Brain-first vs. body-first Parkinson's disease: an update on recent evidence","volume":"122","author":"Horsager","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24939","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease: a prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Postuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106084","article-title":"Presence but not the timing of onset of REM sleep behavior disorder distinguishes evolution patterns in Parkinson's disease","volume":"180","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00712-3","article-title":"Progression subtypes in Parkinson's disease identified by a data-driven multi cohort analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hahnel","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29172","article-title":"Gray matter volume loss in proposed brain-first and body-first Parkinson's disease subtypes","volume":"37","author":"Banwinkler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.08.3247","article-title":"Differences in clinical characteristics when REM sleep behavior disorder precedes or comes after the onset of Parkinson's disease","volume":"382","author":"Nomura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02739-5","article-title":"Parkinson's disease motor progression in relation to the timing of REM sleep behavior disorder presentation: an exploratory retrospective study","volume":"131","author":"Bovenzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30174","article-title":"The heart of the matter: cardiac denervation casts doubt on the brain-first versus body-first hypothesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Totsune","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."}],"container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism &amp; Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590112526000034?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590112526000034?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:20:09Z","timestamp":1783930809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590112526000034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S2590112526000034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Temporal patterns of motor and nonmotor symptom emergence in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cluster analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100423","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100423"}}