{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:05:51Z","timestamp":1783933551991,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":143,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1779726183000},"page":"100457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology of myoclonus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Talyta","family":"Grippe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Angeloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amitabh","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0005","series-title":"Fundamentals Series of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (Virtual Lectures Series)","article-title":"Approach to myoclonus","author":"Hallet","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0010","article-title":"IAPRD new consensus classification of myoclonus","volume":"132","author":"Latorrey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000750","article-title":"Myoclonus","volume":"25","author":"Caviness","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20234","article-title":"Electrophysiological studies of myoclonus","volume":"31","author":"Shibasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000436156.54532.1a","article-title":"Myoclonus","volume":"19","author":"Espay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2022.09.003","article-title":"Myoclonus and other jerky movement disorders","volume":"7","author":"Vany Der Veen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12986","article-title":"Myoclonus: an electrophysiological diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Merchant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70078","article-title":"How do I know that the jerks I see are tics?","volume":"12","author":"Grippe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00880-4","article-title":"Myoclonus: current concepts and recent advances","volume":"3","author":"Caviness","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0050","first-page":"7","article-title":"Early history of myoclonus","volume":"43","author":"Hallett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01915725","article-title":"Paramyoclonus Multiplex","volume":"86","author":"Friedreich","year":"1881","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1938.02270110122008","article-title":"Myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"40","author":"Grinker","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch. NeurPsych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.9.1.5","article-title":"The relation between the electroencephalogram and muscle action potentials in certain convulsive states","volume":"9","author":"Dawson","year":"1946","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(75)90046-2","article-title":"Electroencephalographic correlates of myoclonus","volume":"39","author":"Shibasaki","year":"1975","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.2.207","article-title":"Focal reflex myoclonus","volume":"37","author":"Sutton","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.8.1107","article-title":"Cortical reflex myoclonus","volume":"29","author":"Hallett","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.3.447","article-title":"Electroencephalographic studies of myoclonus: myoclonus-related cortical spikes and high amplitude somatosensory evoked potentials","volume":"101","author":"Shibasaki","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.3.253","article-title":"Reticular reflex myoclonus: a physiological type of human post-hypoxic myoclonus","volume":"40","author":"Hallett","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060209","article-title":"A case of postanoxic encephalopathy with cortical action and brainstem reticular reflex myoclonus","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.4.1903","article-title":"The hyperekplexias and their relationship to the normal startle reflex","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.10.1112","article-title":"Spinal myoclonus","volume":"37","author":"Hopkins","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0110","first-page":"191","article-title":"Rhythmic quadriceps myoclonia related to sarcomatous involvement of the crural nerve","volume":"133","author":"Said","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0115","first-page":"S78","article-title":"Special types of spontaneous electrical activity in radiogenic nerve injuries\u2013University of Toronto","volume":"5","author":"Stohr","year":"1982","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412364","article-title":"Changes in the brain potential in voluntary movements and passive movements in man: readiness potential and reafferent potentials","volume":"284","author":"Kornhuber","year":"1965","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. Gesamte Physiol. Menschen Tiere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.04.025","article-title":"What is the Bereitschaftspotential?","volume":"117","author":"Shibasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.6.745","article-title":"Presence of Bereitschaftspotential preceding psychogenic myoclonus: clinical application of jerk-locked back averaging","volume":"58","author":"Terada","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27234","article-title":"Reappraisal of cortical myoclonus: a retrospective study of clinical neurophysiology","volume":"33","author":"Latorre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.10.007","article-title":"Rethinking the neurophysiological concept of cortical myoclonus","volume":"156","author":"Latorrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0145","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of clinical neurophysiology in jerky movement disorders: a review from the MDS clinical neurophysiology study group","author":"Latorre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0150","series-title":"Movement Disorders","first-page":"196","article-title":"Chapter 13: the nosology and pathophysiology of myoclonus","author":"Marsden","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1960.03840120006002","article-title":"Myoclonus: clinical significance and an approach to classification","volume":"2","author":"Aigner","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e647","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004996","article-title":"Electrophysiologic testing aids diagnosis and subtyping of myoclonus","volume":"90","author":"Zutt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27828","article-title":"Nomenclature of genetically determined myoclonus syndromes: recommendations of the International Parkinson and movement disorder society task force","volume":"34","author":"van der Veen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20152","article-title":"ILAE genetics literacy series: progressive myoclonus epilepsies","volume":"25","author":"Cameron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0175","series-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801772-2.00021-7","article-title":"Functional jerks, tics, and paroxysmal movement disorders","volume":"139","author":"Dreissen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29990","article-title":"Substantiating the short burst duration in cortical myoclonus","volume":"39","author":"van der Veen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13856","article-title":"Utility of neurophysiological evaluation in movement disorders clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Grippe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.11.011","article-title":"Giant SEPs and SEP-recovery function in Unverricht\u2013Lundborg disease","volume":"124","author":"Visani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303081","article-title":"The bereitschaftspotential in jerky movement disorders","volume":"83","author":"van der Salm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad296","article-title":"Clinical course of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration and corticobasal syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Aiba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf329","article-title":"Lance\u2013Adams syndrome or chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus in adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Vellieux","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22273","article-title":"Electrophysiological features of myoclonus-dystonia","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.09.022","article-title":"Exaggerated startle reactions","volume":"123","author":"Dreissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734-015-0028-1","article-title":"Spinal-generated movement disorders: a clinical review","volume":"2","author":"Termsarasab","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25627","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of propriospinal myoclonus is unreliable: an electrophysiologic study","volume":"28","author":"Erro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000982","article-title":"Propriospinal myoclonus: clinical reappraisal and review of literature","volume":"83","author":"Van Der Salm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70213","article-title":"The \u201cHallett Sign\u201d of functional jerky movement disorder","author":"Stone","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.08.036","article-title":"Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders clinical presentations","volume":"22","author":"Hallett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30022","article-title":"Clinical utility of neurophysiologic classification (and declassification) of myoclonus","volume":"39","author":"Callister","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110180","article-title":"Explainable machine learning for movement disorders - classification of tremor and myoclonus","volume":"192","author":"Van Den Brandhof","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70034","article-title":"Defining the rhythm: developing a new method to describe tremor and myoclonus","volume":"40","author":"Latorre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000885","article-title":"How to do an electrophysiological study of myoclonus","volume":"40","author":"Vial","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.04.005","article-title":"Differentiating tics from functional (psychogenic) movements with electrophysiological tools","volume":"4","author":"Vial","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol. Pract."}],"container-title":["Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S259011252600037X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S259011252600037X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:16:11Z","timestamp":1783930571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S259011252600037X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S259011252600037X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology of myoclonus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2026.100457","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100457"}}