{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:59:07Z","timestamp":1793411947495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Health Service Research Grant and Large Collaborative Grant","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04x3cxs03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health"},{"name":"Singapore National Health Innovation Center, Innovation to Develop Grant","award":["NHIC-I2D-1409022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHIC-I2D-1409022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027h77v82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SingHealth Foundation Research Grant","award":["SHF\/FG648S\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHF\/FG648S\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Tanoto Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d72ef81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00za53h95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"NMRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MOH","award":["0796\/2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0796\/2003"]}]},{"name":"MOH","award":["IRG07nov013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRG07nov013"]}]},{"name":"MOH","award":["IRG09nov014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRG09nov014"]}]},{"name":"MOH","award":["STaR\/0003\/2008 & STaR\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STaR\/0003\/2008 & STaR\/2013"]}]},{"name":"MOH","award":["CG\/SERI\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CG\/SERI\/2010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012415","name":"Biomedical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["08\/1\/35\/19\/550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08\/1\/35\/19\/550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012415","name":"Biomedical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09\/1\/35\/19\/616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/1\/35\/19\/616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MOH, Singapore","award":["AIC\/RPDD\/SIDRP\/SERI\/FY2013\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIC\/RPDD\/SIDRP\/SERI\/FY2013\/0018"]}]},{"name":"MOH, Singapore","award":["AIC\/HPD\/FY2016\/0912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIC\/HPD\/FY2016\/0912"]}]},{"name":"University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001468","name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National University Singapore School of Computing, Singapore"},{"name":"A*STAR Institute of High Performance Center, Singapore"},{"name":"Google AI Health, California"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T20:53:55Z","timestamp":1556571235000},"page":"100759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":503,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Deep learning in ophthalmology: The technical and clinical considerations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.W.","family":"Ting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash V.","family":"Varadarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pearse A.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe M.","family":"Burlina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopold","family":"Schmetterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis R.","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil M.","family":"Bressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale R.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Abramoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.048","article-title":"Evaluation of screening for retinopathy of prematurity by ROPtool or a lay reader","volume":"123","author":"Abbey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5200","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19964","article-title":"Improved automated detection of diabetic retinopathy on a publicly available dataset through integration of deep learning","volume":"57","author":"Abramoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pivotal trial of an autonomous AI-based diagnostic system for detection of diabetic retinopathy in primary care offices","volume":"39","author":"Abramoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-1088-1","article-title":"Medical image analysis using convolutional neural networks: a review","volume":"42","author":"Anwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.10.007","article-title":"Using Deep Learning and transform learning to accurately diagnose early-onset glaucoma from macular optical coherence tomography images","volume":"198","author":"Asaoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.4.6.5","article-title":"Computer-based image analysis for plus disease diagnosis in retinopathy of prematurity: performance of the \u201ci-ROP\u201d system and image features associated with expert diagnosis","volume":"4","author":"Ataer-Cansizoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Translat. Vision Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01921.x","article-title":"Screening for sight threatening diabetic retinopathy using non-mydriatic retinal camera in a primary care setting: to dilate or not to dilate?","volume":"63","author":"Baeza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.203","article-title":"Estimates of neonatal morbidities and disabilities at regional and global levels for 2010: introduction, methods overview, and relevant findings from the Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"74","author":"Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","article-title":"Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib11","first-page":"8675","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Brandl","year":"2018"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.15.1900","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness","volume":"291","author":"Bressler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.140","article-title":"Estimated cases of legal blindness and visual impairment avoided using ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization: non-Hispanic white population in the United States with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"129","author":"Bressler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1934","article-title":"Automated diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity using deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"136","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.09.032","article-title":"Correlation, agreement, and Bland-Altman analysis: statistical analysis of method comparison studies","volume":"148","author":"Bunce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.3782","article-title":"Automated grading of age-related macular degeneration from color fundus images using deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"135","author":"Burlina","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3799","article-title":"Utility of deep learning methods for referability classification of age-related macular degeneration","author":"Burlina","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.4118","article-title":"Use of deep learning for detailed severity characterization and estimation of 5-year risk among patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"136","author":"Burlina","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1205630","article-title":"Clinical correlates of computationally derived visual field defect archetypes in patients from a glaucoma clinic","volume":"42","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0611","article-title":"Expert diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity from computer-based image analysis","volume":"134","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.026","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: a continuous spectrum of vascular abnormality as a basis of diagnostic variability","volume":"123","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.035","article-title":"Diagnostic discrepancies in retinopathy of prematurity classification","volume":"123","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13316","article-title":"On deep learning for medical image analysis","volume":"320","author":"Carin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"9900","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61501-9","article-title":"Alternative treatments to inhibit VEGF in age-related choroidal neovascularisation: 2-year findings of the IVAN randomised controlled trial","volume":"382","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181c9696a","article-title":"Accuracy of retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis by retinal fellows","volume":"30","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000173","article-title":"Glaucoma suspect: diagnosis and management","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1714229","article-title":"Implementing machine learning in health care - addressing ethical challenges","volume":"378","author":"Char","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.04.016","article-title":"From clinical examination of the optic disc to clinical assessment of the optic nerve head: a paradigm change","volume":"156","author":"Chauhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.001","article-title":"Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a normal white population: a multicenter study","volume":"122","author":"Chauhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001738","article-title":"Retinal microvascular changes and risk of stroke: the Singapore Malay Eye Study","volume":"44","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.7.875","article-title":"Interexpert agreement of plus disease diagnosis in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"125","author":"Chiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3","article-title":"Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project","volume":"24","author":"Conroy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3283213140","article-title":"How much does HDL cholesterol add to risk estimation? A report from the SCORE Investigators","volume":"16","author":"Cooney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.028548","article-title":"The effect of optic disc diameter on vertical cup to disc ratio percentiles in a population based cohort: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"88","author":"Crowston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","article-title":"General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"117","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0460","article-title":"Validated System for Centralized Grading of Retinopathy of Prematurity: telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) Study","volume":"133","author":"Daniel","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0107-6","article-title":"Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease","volume":"24","author":"De Fauw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00059814","article-title":"Ageing and the epidemiology of multimorbidity","volume":"44","author":"Divo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.000630","article-title":"Measurement of the total retinal blood flow using dual beam Fourier-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography with orthogonal detection planes","volume":"5","author":"Doblhoff-Dier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826711412039","article-title":"Relationships between body mass index, cardiovascular mortality, and risk factors: a report from the SCORE investigators","volume":"18","author":"Dudina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.72","article-title":"Final visual acuity results in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study","volume":"128","author":"Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"103","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.1118","article-title":"Patterns of functional vision loss in glaucoma determined with archetypal analysis","volume":"12","author":"Elze","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"issue":"7639","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","article-title":"Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks","volume":"542","author":"Esteva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.010","article-title":"Automatic generation of synthetic retinal fundus images: vascular network","volume":"90","author":"Fiorini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.5.421-a","article-title":"Causes of visual handicap in the royal blind School, edinburgh, 1991-2","volume":"78","author":"Fleck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.150","article-title":"An international comparison of retinopathy of prematurity grading performance within the Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting II trials","volume":"32","author":"Fleck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01660.x","article-title":"Optic disc appearance and retinal temporal vessel arcade geometry in high myopia, as based on follow-up data over 38 years","volume":"88","author":"Fledelius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.238","article-title":"The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys","volume":"86","author":"Foster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OCT1","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19963","article-title":"The development, commercialization, and impact of optical coherence tomography","volume":"57","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.10.012","article-title":"Using Kalman filtering to forecast disease trajectory for patients with normal tension glaucoma","volume":"199","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.02.008","article-title":"Automated identification of diabetic retinopathy using deep learning","volume":"124","author":"Gargeya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.186","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: quantitative analysis of standard published photograph","volume":"128","author":"Gelman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9070","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)01107-0","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity in middle-income countries","volume":"350","author":"Gilbert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"25 Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib57","first-page":"S49","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of cardiology\/American heart association task force on practice guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib58","first-page":"991","article-title":"The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited","volume":"123","author":"Gole","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib59","series-title":"Machine-learning Maestro Michael jordan on the Delusions of Big Data and Other Huge Engineering Efforts","author":"Gomes","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000277983.23934.c9","volume":"14","author":"Graham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.02.037","article-title":"A deep learning algorithm for prediction of age-related eye disease study severity scale for age-related macular degeneration from color fundus photography","volume":"125","author":"Grassmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.295","article-title":"Supplemental therapeutic oxygen for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (STOP-ROP), a randomized, controlled trial. I: primary outcomes","volume":"105","author":"Group","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102673","article-title":"Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"364","author":"Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.05.016","article-title":"Inter-expert and intra-expert agreement on the diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"160","author":"Gschlie\u00dfer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216","article-title":"Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs","volume":"316","author":"Gulshan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.135","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: qualitative analysis of diagnostic process by experts","volume":"131","author":"Hewing","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.10.035","article-title":"Frequency and practice-level variation in inappropriate aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: insights from the National Cardiovascular Disease Registry's Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence registry","volume":"65","author":"Hira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.04.022","article-title":"Glaucoma specialist optic disc margin, rim margin, and rim width discordance in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect eyes","volume":"192","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008455","article-title":"Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex","volume":"195","author":"Hubel","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib70","article-title":"Development and validation of a deep learning-based automatic detection algorithm for active pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiographs","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.020","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: improving diagnosis by ranking disease severity and using quantitative image analysis","volume":"123","author":"Kalpathy-Cramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.054","article-title":"Retinal imaging in the twenty-first century: state of the art and future directions","volume":"121","author":"Keane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182845c39","article-title":"Plus disease diagnosis in retinopathy of prematurity: vascular tortuosity as a function of distance from optic disc","volume":"33","author":"Keck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.02.010","article-title":"Identifying medical diagnoses and treatable diseases by image-based deep learning","volume":"172","author":"Kermany","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.07.287","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: should diagnosis be eye-based or quadrant-based?","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediat. Ophthalmol. Strabismus {JAAPOS}"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.867512","article-title":"Harmonizing the classification of age-related macular degeneration in the three-continent AMD consortium","volume":"21","author":"Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.10.006","article-title":"Evaluation of a computer-based system for plus disease diagnosis in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"114","author":"Koreen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.034","article-title":"Grader variability and the importance of reference standards for evaluating machine learning models for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"125","author":"Krause","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib79","series-title":"ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309914","article-title":"Myopic glaucomatous eyes with or without optic disc shape alteration: a longitudinal study","volume":"101","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162326","article-title":"Deep learning at chest radiography: automated classification of pulmonary tuberculosis by using convolutional neural networks","volume":"284","author":"Lakhani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7553","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2016.12.009","article-title":"Deep learning is effective for classifying normal versus age-related macular degeneration OCT images","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.003440","article-title":"Deep-learning based, automated segmentation of macular edema in optical coherence tomography","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.03.004","article-title":"Doppler optical coherence tomography","volume":"41","author":"Leitgeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-018-0273-5","article-title":"Automatic differentiation of Glaucoma visual field from non-glaucoma visual filed using deep convolutional neural network","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med. Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0147","article-title":"An automated grading system for detection of vision-threatening referable diabetic retinopathy on the basis of color fundus photographs","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20170630-06","article-title":"The epidemiology of retinopathy of prematurity in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Ludwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000988","article-title":"Deep-learning classifier with an ultrawide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope detects glaucoma visual field severity","volume":"27","author":"Masumoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib91","series-title":"A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence","author":"McCarthy","year":"1955"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib92","series-title":"Automatic Generation of Synthetic Retinal Fundus Images: Vascular Network","author":"Menti","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101072","article-title":"Estimated cases of blindness and visual impairment from neovascular age-related macular degeneration avoided in Australia by ranibizumab treatment","volume":"9","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.025","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: diagnostic trends in 2016 versus 2007","volume":"176","author":"Moleta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000765","article-title":"Hybrid deep learning on single wide-field optical coherence tomography scans accurately classifies glaucoma suspects","volume":"26","author":"Muhammad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.06.011","article-title":"Accuracy of retinopathy of prematurity image-based diagnosis by pediatric ophthalmology fellows: implications for training","volume":"15","author":"Myung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.015","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity residency training","volume":"119","author":"Nagiel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, E. and A. Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12203","article-title":"Factors associated with lifetime risk of open-angle glaucoma blindness","volume":"92","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0195-0","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular risk factors from retinal fundus photographs via deep learning","volume":"2","author":"Poplin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib101","first-page":"154","article-title":"Estimating maximal measurable performance for automated decision systems from the characteristics of the reference standard. application to diabetic retinopathy screening","author":"Quellec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S94436","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity blindness worldwide: phenotypes in the third epidemic","volume":"8","author":"Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31823ac3c3","article-title":"Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: diagnostic impact of field of view","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib104","article-title":"Deep learning versus human graders for classifying diabetic retinopathy severity in a nationwide screening program","volume":"2","author":"Raumviboonsuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.11.1470","article-title":"Evidence-based screening criteria for retinopathy of prematurity: natural history data from the CRYO-ROP and LIGHT-ROP studies","volume":"120","author":"Reynolds","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib106","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","volume":"vol. 9351","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.33.0210","article-title":"Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers","volume":"3","author":"Samuel","year":"1959","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283437222","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Savini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-13-137","article-title":"Filtering data from the collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study for improved identification of glaucoma progression","volume":"13","author":"Schell","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Mak."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0067","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Schmidl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.03.015","article-title":"Machine learning to analyze the prognostic value of current imaging biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.07.004","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in retina","volume":"67","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24106","article-title":"Prediction of individual disease conversion in early AMD using artificial intelligence","volume":"59","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023425","article-title":"Retinal vessel calibers in predicting long-term cardiovascular outcomes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"134","author":"Seidelmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33013-w","article-title":"Development of a deep residual learning algorithm to screen for glaucoma from fundus photography","volume":"8","author":"Shibata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib117","article-title":"Deep inside convolutional networks: visualising image classification models and saliency maps","author":"Simonyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Vision Pattern Recognition (csCV)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300573","article-title":"Experts do not agree when to treat retinopathy of prematurity based on plus disease","volume":"96","author":"Slidsborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"25 Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.002","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060130509025","article-title":"Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"106","author":"Tasman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0210-5","article-title":"Eyeing cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"2","author":"Ting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18152","article-title":"Development and validation of a deep learning system for diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases using retinal images from multiethnic populations with diabetes","volume":"318","author":"Ting","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313173","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and deep learning in ophthalmology","volume":"103","author":"Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib125","article-title":"Deep learning in estimating prevalence and systemic risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a multi-ethnic study","volume":"2","author":"Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3850-3","article-title":"Automated detection of exudative age-related macular degeneration in spectral domain optical coherence tomography using deep learning","volume":"256","author":"Treder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23887","article-title":"Deep learning for predicting refractive error from retinal fundus images","volume":"59","author":"Varadarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002689","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002689","article-title":"Machine learning in medicine: addressing ethical challenges","volume":"15","author":"Vayena","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2000.105273","article-title":"Prognostic significance of vascular dilation and tortuosity insufficient for plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"4","author":"Wallace","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.11.022","article-title":"Agreement among pediatric ophthalmologists in diagnosing plus and pre-plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"12","author":"Wallace","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.63","article-title":"Predictive value of pre-plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"129","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.090522","article-title":"Retinal vascular calibre and the risk of coronary heart disease-related death","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.021","article-title":"Reversal of glaucoma hemifield test results and visual field features in glaucoma","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.6.696","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: recent advances in our understanding","volume":"86","author":"Wheatley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01832","article-title":"Degrees of freedom in planning, running, analyzing, and reporting psychological studies: a checklist to avoid p-hacking","volume":"7","author":"Wicherts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.18.1837","article-title":"Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories","volume":"97","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.11.015","article-title":"Digital image analysis in retinopathy of prematurity: a comparison of vessel selection methods","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.027","article-title":"Estimating public and patient savings from basic research-A study of optical coherence tomography in managing antiangiogenic therapy","volume":"185","author":"Windsor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000216717.72048.6c","article-title":"Abnormalities of retinal microvascular structure and risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke","volume":"47","author":"Witt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20110222-01","article-title":"Computer-based image analysis for plus disease diagnosis in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"49","author":"Wittenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17563","article-title":"Artificial intelligence with deep learning technology looks into diabetic retinopathy screening","volume":"316","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2388","article-title":"Quantitative retinal venular caliber and risk of cardiovascular disease in older persons: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"166","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.12.154","article-title":"Training fellows for retinopathy of prematurity care: a Web-based survey","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib149","series-title":"Automated Retinopathy of Prematurity Case Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks. Deep Learning and Data Labeling for Medical Applications","first-page":"68","author":"Worrall","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.004061","article-title":"Dual-stage deep learning framework for pigment epithelium detachment segmentation in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9624","article-title":"Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals","volume":"308","author":"Yeboah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09204-2","article-title":"Retinal vascular imaging markers and incident chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Yip","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2314714","article-title":"Learning from data: recognizing glaucomatous defect patterns and detecting progression from visual field measurements","volume":"61","author":"Yousefi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.02.008","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelial detachment","volume":"52","author":"Zayit-Soudry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350946218300909?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350946218300909?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T22:29:41Z","timestamp":1761172181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1350946218300909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":147,"alternative-id":["S1350946218300909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-9462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-9462","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deep learning in ophthalmology: The technical and clinical considerations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100759"}}