{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T00:40:30Z","timestamp":1794271230835,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T16:43:54Z","timestamp":1739465034000},"page":"101338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A comprehensive scoping review of methodological approaches and clinical applications of tear fluid biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlies","family":"Gijs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jente","family":"Schmeetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f2nia","family":"Trav\u00e9-Huarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Huertas-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Chung","family":"Bo Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Boychev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Brignole-Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Kessal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lingor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice M.T.H.","family":"Heunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananya","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cifuentes-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Rojas-Carabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"de-la-Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Mej\u00eda-Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"J\u00fcngert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Cuchillo-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davy","family":"Pot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Enr\u00edquez-de-Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak","family":"Mergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irem","family":"Onal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Necati Alp","family":"Kilicaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emrullah","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor P.","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten s.","family":"Magno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Ojeda","family":"Pedraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso L.","family":"Sabater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Asbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Lengyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debarun","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Mrugacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie C.","family":"Joachim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2015.04.002","article-title":"Single unit filter-aided method for fast proteomic analysis of tear fluid","volume":"480","author":"Aass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010002","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of tears and conjunctival cells collected with schirmer strips using timsTOF pro: preanalytical considerations","volume":"12","author":"Akkurt Arslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043694","article-title":"Tear film MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers: a review","volume":"24","author":"Altman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16995","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02546","article-title":"Tear-based vibrational spectroscopy applied to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"93","author":"Ami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16995","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02546","article-title":"Tear-based vibrational spectroscopy applied to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"93","author":"Ami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.873483","article-title":"Putative biomarkers in tears for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Amorim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092050","article-title":"Cytokines explored in saliva and tears from radiated cancer patients correlate with clinical manifestations, influencing important immunoregulatory cellular pathways","volume":"9","author":"Aqrawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114074","article-title":"Human ocular mucins: the endowed guardians of sight","volume":"180","author":"Arg\u00fceso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3928","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19788","article-title":"Tear interferometric patterns reflect clinical tear dynamics in dry eye patients","volume":"57","author":"Arita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.873538","article-title":"Candidate molecular compounds as potential indicators for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Asiedu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89514-8","article-title":"Diagnostic biomarkers in tear fluid: from sampling to preanalytical processing","volume":"11","author":"Bachhuber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156540","article-title":"Recent advances in the study of tear biomarkers and contact lens-based biosensors","volume":"499","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.12.011","article-title":"Characterization of the thickness of the tear film lipid layer in meibomian gland dysfunction using high resolution optical microscopy","volume":"24","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8100421","article-title":"Body fluid biomarkers for alzheimer's disease-an up-to-date overview","volume":"8","author":"B\u0103la\u0219a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71977-w","article-title":"In vitro validation of the tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 in-situ immunoassay","volume":"10","author":"Bang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00381-6","article-title":"Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Barley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0930-0","article-title":"Tear analysis as the next routine body fluid test","volume":"34","author":"Barmada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.002759","article-title":"Automatic dynamic tear meniscus measurement in optical coherence tomography","volume":"5","author":"Bartuzel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.07.003","article-title":"Role of hyperosmolarity in the pathogenesis and management of dry eye disease: proceedings of the OCEAN group meeting","volume":"11","author":"Baudouin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000214802.40313.fa","article-title":"Dysfunctional tear syndrome: a Delphi approach to treatment recommendations","volume":"25","author":"Behrens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.01.003","article-title":"Tear osmolarity measurement using the TearLab Osmolarity System in the assessment of dry eye treatment effectiveness","volume":"33","author":"Benelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e461","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.461","article-title":"Molecular and physical technologies for monitoring fluid and electrolyte imbalance: a focus on cancer population","volume":"11","author":"Bennet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7725","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7266","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine profiling of tears from dry eye patients by means of antibody microarrays","volume":"52","author":"Boehm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62215-8","article-title":"Contact lenses as novel tear fluid sampling vehicles for total RNA isolation, precipitation, and amplification","volume":"14","author":"Boychev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150744","article-title":"Ocular tear fluid biomarkers collected by contact lenses","volume":"734","author":"Boychev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.11.001","article-title":"Dynamics and function of the tear film in relation to the blink cycle","volume":"45","author":"Braun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2018.10.004","article-title":"Glycosylation pathways of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell mucins","volume":"470","author":"Brockhausen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70083-6","article-title":"Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the diagnostic methodology subcommittee of the international dry eye WorkShop (2007)","volume":"5","author":"Bron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.019","article-title":"Functional aspects of the tear film lipid layer","volume":"78","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1421699","article-title":"Metabolomic changes in tear fluid following zinc biofortification in the BiZiFED nutritional study: a feasibility study","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-022-00272-7","article-title":"Metabolic phenotyping of tear fluid as a prognostic tool for personalised medicine exemplified by T2DM patients","volume":"13","author":"Brunmair","year":"2022","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.009","article-title":"Impression cytology of the ocular surface: a review","volume":"78","author":"Calonge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.009","article-title":"Impression cytology of the ocular surface: a review","volume":"78","author":"Calonge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000168","article-title":"Effects of the external environment on dry eye disease","volume":"57","author":"Calonge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153392","article-title":"Raman analysis of tear fluid alteration following contact lense use","volume":"19","author":"Capaccio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001285","article-title":"Tear lactoferrin and features of ocular allergy in different severities of meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"95","author":"Chao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1059141","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: an emerging player in retinal homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2004874","article-title":"Characterization of the human tear metabolome by LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2067565","article-title":"The impact of post-tear collection storage on tear film substance P concentration","volume":"47","author":"Chiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2023.0062","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 immunoassay and tear osmolarity measurement for diagnosing severity of dry eye disease","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kor. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120284","article-title":"Immunomodulatory cross-talk between conjunctival goblet cells and dendritic cells","volume":"10","author":"Contreras-Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.27.5.323.17221","article-title":"Levels of mucin gene expression in normal human conjunctival epithelium in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Corrales","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2014.01.005","article-title":"The neurobiology of the meibomian glands","volume":"12","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib44","first-page":"1552","article-title":"Viral antibodies in normal tears","volume":"29","author":"Coyle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015390","article-title":"RNA profiles of tear fluid extracellular vesicles in patients with dry eye-related symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Cross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00036","article-title":"Electrochemical immunosensor for TNF\u03b1-mediated inflammatory disease screening","volume":"10","author":"Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.683508","article-title":"Correlations among symptoms, signs, and clinical tests in evaporative-type dry eye disease caused by Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)","volume":"37","author":"Cuevas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219600600311","article-title":"The lactoferrin tear test in the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Da Dalt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.22","article-title":"Combined targeted analysis of metabolites and proteins in tear fluid with regard to clinical applications","volume":"7","author":"Dammeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Translational Vision Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1994.tb02791.x","article-title":"Ocular surface damage and tear lactoferrin in dry eye syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Danjo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(11)70022-2","article-title":"Tear lipocalin: structure and function","volume":"9","author":"Dartt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life13071425","article-title":"Promising high-tech devices in dry eye disease diagnosis","volume":"13","author":"De Luca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5167","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6671","article-title":"Combination of the schirmer I and phenol red thread tests as a rescue strategy for diagnosis of ocular dryness associated with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"52","author":"de Monchy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R72","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-8-r72","article-title":"Identification of 491 proteins in the tear fluid proteome reveals a large number of proteases and protease inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"de Souza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9982","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27895","article-title":"Tears and ocular surface disorders: usefulness of biomarkers","volume":"234","author":"Di Zazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.02.014","article-title":"Post-antibiotic ocular surface microbiome in children: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"127","author":"Doan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"155","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib57","article-title":"How to use\u2026 eye swabs. Archives of disease in childhood","volume":"100","author":"Drew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Education & practice edition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1037164","article-title":"Metabolomics of various samples advancing biomarker discovery and pathogenesis elucidation for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02557-1","article-title":"Biomarkers for parkinsonian disorders in CNS-originating EVs: promise and challenges","volume":"145","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12487","article-title":"Contact lens wear is intrinsically inflammatory","volume":"100","author":"Efron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.00408.x","article-title":"Lacryglobin in human tears, a potential marker for cancer","volume":"29","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42834-x","article-title":"NULISA: a proteomic liquid biopsy platform with attomolar sensitivity and high multiplexing","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00656-6","article-title":"Understanding ocular surface inflammation in tears before and after autologous cultivated limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13111125","article-title":"Tear and saliva metabolomics in evaporative dry eye disease in females","volume":"13","author":"Fineide","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2008.07.007","article-title":"Role of lactoferrin in the tear film","volume":"91","author":"Flanagan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib66","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Protein levels in nonstimulated and stimulated tears of normal human subjects","volume":"31","author":"Fullard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.15.9","article-title":"Tear fluid inflammatory proteome analysis highlights similarities between keratoconus and allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"64","author":"Gijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28363-z","article-title":"Pre-analytical sample handling effects on tear fluid protein levels","volume":"13","author":"Gijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.24014","article-title":"High levels of mutant huntingtin protein in tear fluid from huntington's disease gene expansion carriers","volume":"17","author":"Gijs","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01993-x","article-title":"Association of tear fluid amyloid and tau levels with disease severity and neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Gijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.12.32","article-title":"In-Depth investigation of conjunctival swabs and tear fluid of symptomatic COVID-19 patients, an observational cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Gijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4390","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0770","article-title":"The ocular surface: the challenge to enable and protect vision: the Friedenwald lecture","volume":"48","author":"Gipson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib73","series-title":"Role of Mucins in the Function of the Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelia, International Review of Cytology","first-page":"1","author":"Gipson","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828aaf10","article-title":"In situ osmometry: validation and effect of sample collection technique","volume":"90","author":"Gokhale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib75","first-page":"456","article-title":"Investigation of the human tear film proteome using multiple proteomic approaches","volume":"14","author":"Green-Church","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib76","article-title":"Association of tear osmolarity with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease in the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) study","volume":"64","author":"Greiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib77","series-title":"BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and Other Tools)","author":"Group","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-2-4","article-title":"Changes in the tear proteins of diabetic patients","volume":"2","author":"Grus","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(98)80035-0","article-title":"Non-invasive Tearscope Plus routine for contact lens fitting","volume":"21","author":"Guillon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.13.13","article-title":"Investigation of inter- and intra-day variability of tear fluid regarding flow rate, protein concentration as well as protein composition","volume":"64","author":"Guntermann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1911","article-title":"The US Food and Drug Administration perspective on cancer biomarker development","volume":"6","author":"Gutman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13167-016-0065-3","article-title":"Tear fluid biomarkers in ocular and systemic disease: potential use for predictive, preventive and personalised medicine","volume":"7","author":"Hagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2019-0167","article-title":"Oligomeric \u03b1-synuclein is increased in basal tears of Parkinson's patients","volume":"13","author":"Hamm-Alvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109242","article-title":"Revealing the presence of tear extracellular vesicles in Keratoconus","volume":"224","author":"Hefley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2018.12.001","article-title":"Tear film analysis and evaluation of optical quality: a review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Herbaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fr. Ophtalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24878","article-title":"Identification of candidate miRNA biomarkers for glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"Hindle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200207000-00034","article-title":"Detection of varicella zoster virus DNA in tear fluid and saliva of patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Hiroshige","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2692-5","article-title":"Comparisons of microRNA expression profiles in vitreous humor between eyes with macular hole and eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"253","author":"Hirota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108552","article-title":"Charting extracellular transcriptomes in the human biofluid RNA atlas","volume":"33","author":"Hulstaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01110","article-title":"Investigation of oligoclonal IgG bands in tear fluid of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"10","author":"H\u00fcmmert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073714","article-title":"Proteomic profiling of saliva and tears in radiated head and neck cancer patients as compared to primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome patients","volume":"23","author":"Hynne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib92","first-page":"2717","article-title":"Comparison of ophthalmic sponges and extraction buffers for quantifying cytokine profiles in tears using Luminex technology","volume":"18","author":"Inic-Kanada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101600","article-title":"Effects of contact lens wear on tear inflammatory biomarkers","volume":"45","author":"Insua Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14290","article-title":"Oncogenic miRNAs identified in tear exosomes from metastatic breast cancer patients","volume":"40","author":"Inubushi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14290","article-title":"Oncogenic miRNAs identified in tear exosomes from metastatic breast cancer patients","volume":"40","author":"Inubushi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.03.001","article-title":"Dry eye disease and proteomics","volume":"24","author":"Jackson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31821de383","article-title":"Tear film osmolarity measurements in dry eye disease using electrical impedance technology","volume":"30","author":"Jacobi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.01.006","article-title":"Functional relationship between cationic amino acid transporters and beta-defensins: implications for dry skin diseases and the dry eye","volume":"192","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.133179","article-title":"Point-of-care monitoring of dry eye disease using lysozyme in tear based on commercial pregnancy test strips","volume":"378","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuator. B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13081263","article-title":"Alpha-Synuclein in peripheral tissues as a possible marker for neurological diseases and other medical conditions","volume":"13","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib101","article-title":"Unraveling the intraday variations in the tear fluid proteome","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042307","article-title":"Comparison of different mass spectrometry workflows for the proteomic analysis of tear fluid","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.02.007","article-title":"Clear - contact lens technologies of the future","volume":"44","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00498-4","article-title":"COVID-19 and its modes of transmission","volume":"2","author":"Karia","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182541e9a","article-title":"The practical detection of mmp-9 diagnoses ocular surface disease and may help prevent its complications","volume":"32","author":"Kaufman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.763987","article-title":"Impact of time between collection and collection method on human tear fluid osmolarity","volume":"38","author":"Keech","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51837-y","article-title":"Proteins and microRNAs are differentially expressed in tear fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Kenny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.01.010","article-title":"Metabolomics and lipidomics approaches in human tears: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Khanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.4.21","article-title":"Analysis of MicroRNA expression in tears of patients with herpes epithelial keratitis: a preliminary study","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27062","article-title":"Comparison of MicroRNA expression in tears of normal subjects and sj\u00f6gren syndrome patients","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib111","first-page":"3348","article-title":"The thickness of the human precorneal tear film: evidence from reflection spectra","volume":"41","author":"King-Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2774_22","article-title":"Optimization and evaluation of tear protein elution from Schirmer's strips in dry eye disease","volume":"71","author":"Koduri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000140910.03095.FA","article-title":"Lid wiper epitheliopathy and dry eye symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Korb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00318-4","article-title":"Short communication: unique metabolic signature of proliferative retinopathy in the tear fluid of diabetic patients with comorbidities - preliminary data for PPPM validation","volume":"14","author":"Kropp","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb2891","article-title":"Smart, soft contact lens for wireless immunosensing of cortisol","volume":"6","author":"Ku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib116","series-title":"Seasonal Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Biological Fluids","author":"Kwon","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M044826","article-title":"Extensive characterization of human tear fluid collected using different techniques unravels the presence of novel lipid amphiphiles","volume":"55","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1997.tb01746.x","article-title":"Detection and specificity of anti-Staphylococcus intermedius secretory IgA in human tears","volume":"25","author":"Lan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib119","first-page":"177","article-title":"Diagnosis of breast cancer by tear proteomic pattern","volume":"6","author":"Lebrecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Genomics Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-1127-2","article-title":"Proteins and antibodies in serum, plasma, and whole blood-size characterization using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4)","volume":"410","author":"Leeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c00569","article-title":"Current and future perspectives on microfluidic tear analytic devices","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6817","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12072","article-title":"Smart contact lenses for healthcare monitoring and therapy","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000183531.25201.0d","article-title":"Use of polyurethane minisponges to collect human tear fluid","volume":"25","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cisternas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4916","article-title":"Critical role of mass spectrometry proteomics in tear biomarker discovery for multifactorial ocular diseases","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65503-1","article-title":"Increased alpha-synuclein tear fluid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Maass","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib126","first-page":"s92","article-title":"Biomarkers discovery by peptide and protein profiling in biological fluids based on functionalized magnetic beads purification and mass spectrometry","volume":"8","author":"Magni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.2.246","article-title":"Tear production after unilateral removal of the main lacrimal gland in squirrel monkeys","volume":"118","author":"Maitchouk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.2.246","article-title":"Tear production after unilateral removal of the main lacrimal gland in squirrel monkeys","volume":"118","author":"Maitchouk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.013","article-title":"Contact lens interactions with the tear film","volume":"117","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01036-3","article-title":"Contribution of extracellular vesicles for the pathogenesis of retinal diseases: shedding light on blood-retinal barrier dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Martins","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99344-3","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in keratinization in the tears of COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"Mastropasqua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70111-8","article-title":"Defensins and other antimicrobial peptides at the ocular surface","volume":"2","author":"McDermott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-020-00263-9","article-title":"Ocular surface pain: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Mehra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108691","article-title":"The effect of active smoking, passive smoking, and e-cigarettes on the tear film: an updated comprehensive review","volume":"210","author":"Miglio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2119254","article-title":"Vitreous humor: composition, characteristics and implication on intravitreal drug delivery","volume":"48","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00438C","article-title":"Integration of paper microfluidic sensors into contact lenses for tear fluid analysis","volume":"20","author":"Moreddu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70296-3","article-title":"Basal, reflex, and psycho-emotional tears","volume":"7","author":"Murube","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.04.002","article-title":"Altered ocular surface immune cell profile in patients with dry eye disease","volume":"21","author":"Nair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.11.003","article-title":"Amino Acid profiles in human tear fluids analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"151","author":"Nakatsukasa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15059","article-title":"Looking deeper into ocular surface health: an introduction to clinical tear proteomics analysis","volume":"100","author":"N\u00e4ttinen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib141","first-page":"201","article-title":"Saliva and tear as useful tools for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in human specimens: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Nayeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1629462","article-title":"IgE ratio in tears: a predictive tool of ocular allergic inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Neil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170000165","article-title":"Variability of tear protein levels in normal young adults: between-day variation","volume":"238","author":"Ng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S135068","article-title":"Randomized comparison of in vivo performance of two point-of-care tear film osmometers","volume":"11","author":"Nolfi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.12.035","article-title":"Laboratory findings in tear fluid analysis","volume":"369","author":"Ohashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87336-2","article-title":"Evaluation of tear osmolarity measured by I-Pen osmolarity system in patients with dry eye","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47123-9","article-title":"In-depth correlation analysis between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless smart contact lens","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2264","article-title":"Ocular surface wetness is regulated by TRPM8-dependent cold thermoreceptors of the cornea","volume":"16","author":"Parra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12886","article-title":"Reproducibility in measuring tear samples using a freezing point depression osmometer","volume":"102","author":"Pena-Verdeal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.07.010","article-title":"The pathophysiology of dry eye disease: what we know and future directions for research","volume":"124","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7545","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17627","article-title":"Aqueous tear deficiency increases conjunctival interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) expression and goblet cell loss","volume":"56","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32478-8","article-title":"Conjunctival cytologic features of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib153","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Detection of sialomucin complex (MUC4) in human ocular surface epithelium and tear fluid","volume":"41","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108115","article-title":"Biological functions of tear film","volume":"197","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30330-3","article-title":"Correlation of goblet cell density and mucosal epithelial membrane mucin expression with rose bengal staining in patients with ocular irritation","volume":"104","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121998922","article-title":"Tear fluid collection methods: review of current techniques","volume":"31","author":"Pieczy\u0144ski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2024.03.002","article-title":"Tear biomarkers","volume":"120","author":"Ponzini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21691","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based tear proteomics for noninvasive biomarker discovery","volume":"41","author":"Ponzini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.12.9","article-title":"Lactoferrin concentration in human tears and ocular diseases: a meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Ponzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2012.10.001","article-title":"Schirmer strip vs. capillary tube method: non-invasive methods of obtaining proteins from tear fluid","volume":"195","author":"Posa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000188","article-title":"Patient acceptability of tear collection in the primary healthcare setting","volume":"91","author":"Quah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019553","article-title":"Human tear fluid lipidome: from composition to function","volume":"6","author":"Rantam\u00e4ki","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.007","article-title":"Review: MicroRNAS in ocular surface and dry eye diseases","volume":"15","author":"Rassi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-024-09475-8","article-title":"Human tear film protein sampling using soft contact lenses","volume":"21","author":"Roden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Proteom."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00203-4","article-title":"The ocular surface and tear film and their dysfunction in dry eye disease","volume":"45","author":"Rolando","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2162088","article-title":"Association of tear cytokine concentrations with symptoms and signs of dry eye disease: baseline data from the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) study","volume":"48","author":"Roy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236929","article-title":"Conjunctival swabs reveal higher detection rate compared to schirmer strips for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in tears of hospitalized COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"Sabage","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201300053","article-title":"Exploring the human tear fluid: discovery of new biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Salvisberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proteonomics Clin. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01556-y","article-title":"Neurodegenerative biomarkers in different chambers of the eye relative to plasma: an agreement validation study","volume":"16","author":"Sampani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15449","article-title":"Identification of miRNAs in a model of retinal degenerations","volume":"56","author":"Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00218-6","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women","volume":"136","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2214647","article-title":"Detection of prion protein seeding activity in tear fluids","volume":"388","author":"Schmitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313379","article-title":"Dynamic assessment of the tear film muco-aqueous and lipid layers using a novel tear film imager (TFI)","volume":"104","author":"Segev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.10.015","article-title":"Prolactin-Induced Protein is a novel biomarker for Keratoconus","volume":"179","author":"Sharif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.115617","article-title":"Contact lens as an emerging platform for non-invasive bio-sensing: a review","volume":"376","author":"Shetty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensor Actuator Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.109831","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle biomarkers in ocular fluids associated with ophthalmic diseases","volume":"241","author":"Shiju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.109831","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle biomarkers in ocular fluids associated with ophthalmic diseases","volume":"241","author":"Shiju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.894184","article-title":"Non-invasive tear film assessment in normal population: effect of age, sex, and interparametric relationship","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.11.017","article-title":"Tear proteome and protein network analyses reveal a novel pentamarker panel for tear film characterization in dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"Soria","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199811000-00002","article-title":"The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands","volume":"17","author":"Stern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib181","series-title":"Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance","first-page":"643","article-title":"A unified theory of the role of the ocular surface in dry eye","author":"Stern","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib182","first-page":"374","article-title":"The effect of collection technique on tear composition","volume":"25","author":"Stuchell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.08.010","article-title":"Tear film stability: a review","volume":"117","author":"Sweeney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62583-x","article-title":"Utility of tear osmolarity measurement in diagnosis of dry eye disease","volume":"10","author":"Tashbayev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12901","article-title":"The validity of point of care tear film osmometers in the diagnosis of dry eye","volume":"42","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib186","article-title":"Tear samples for protein extraction: comparative analysis of Schirmer's test strip and microcapillary tube methods","volume":"15","author":"Tham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.109913","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy assisted tear analysis: a label free, optical approach for noninvasive disease diagnostics","volume":"243","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000131066","article-title":"The normal tear film","volume":"41","author":"Tiffany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surgery for the dry eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115251","article-title":"Experimental analysis of tear fluid and its processing for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Tome\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115251","article-title":"Experimental analysis of tear fluid and its processing for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Tome\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib192","series-title":"ScoutPro Osmolarity System","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71700-3","article-title":"Important concepts for treating ocular surface and tear disorders","volume":"124","author":"Tseng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib194","first-page":"4117","article-title":"Optical and visual impact of tear break-up in human eyes","volume":"41","author":"Tutt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Des157","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23756","article-title":"The ocular surface glycocalyx and its alteration in dry eye disease: a review","volume":"59","author":"Uchino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186668","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of lactoferrin in ocular diseases: from dry eye disease to infections","volume":"21","author":"Vagge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-017-0153-0","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: biomarkers, therapeutics, and vehicles in the visual system","volume":"5","author":"van der Merwe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2012.04.003","article-title":"Glycomic analysis of tear and saliva in ocular rosacea patients: the search for a biomarker","volume":"10","author":"Vieira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.136","article-title":"Evaluation and review of body fluids saliva, sweat and tear compared to biochemical hydration assessment markers within blood and urine","volume":"72","author":"Villiger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.125150","article-title":"Microfluidic-assisted integrated nucleic acid test strips for POCT","volume":"267","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563220961746","article-title":"Discovery of microRNA expression profiles involved in regulating TGF-\u03b22 expression in the tears of dry eye patients","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.147405","article-title":"The MicroRNA spectrum in 12 body fluids","volume":"56","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.147405","article-title":"The microRNA spectrum in 12 body fluids","volume":"56","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12404","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): from basic to advanced approaches","volume":"13","author":"Welsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12918","article-title":"Tear film, contact lenses and tear biomarkers","volume":"102","author":"Willcox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II tear film report","volume":"15","author":"Willcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib207","first-page":"291","article-title":"The muco-cutaneous junction of the lid margin and the distribution of the tear fluid","volume":"66","author":"Wolff","year":"1946","journal-title":"Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U. K."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II diagnostic methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3255-0_8","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling from tears as a potential non-invasive method for early detection of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"2678","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-020-04688-2","article-title":"Flexible, wearable microfluidic contact lens with capillary networks for tear diagnostics","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115921","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in corneal fibrosis\/Scarring","volume":"23","author":"Yeung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689609008901","article-title":"Production and secretion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) by the human lacrimal gland","volume":"15","author":"Yoshino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.06.002","article-title":"Tear analysis in ocular surface diseases","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2017.1285703","article-title":"The power of tears: how tear proteomics research could revolutionize the clinic","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1021\/pr034065n","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human tears: defensin expression after ocular surface surgery","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.04.053","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the human tear proteome","volume":"75","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteonomics"}],"container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350946225000114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350946225000114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T04:05:08Z","timestamp":1764043508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1350946225000114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":216,"alternative-id":["S1350946225000114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-9462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-9462","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comprehensive scoping review of methodological approaches and clinical applications of tear fluid biomarkers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101338","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101338"}}