{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:08:40Z","timestamp":1789027720383,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82571200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U25A2090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A2090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002865","name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cyyy-xkdfjh-jcyj-202301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cyyy-xkdfjh-jcyj-202301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002865","name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cyyy-xkdfjh-lcyj-202303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cyyy-xkdfjh-lcyj-202303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002865","name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cyyy-xkdfjh-cgzh-202303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cyyy-xkdfjh-cgzh-202303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T08:04:14Z","timestamp":1770192254000},"page":"101445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease under the lens: Insights from multimodal ocular imaging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cifuentes-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2647-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peizeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05540-2","article-title":"Long-term changes of choroidal blood flow velocity in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"260","author":"Abe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e486","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12127","article-title":"Prognostic factors for clinical outcomes in patients with vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease treated with high\u2010dose corticosteroids","volume":"91","author":"Abu El\u2010Asrar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71762-3","article-title":"In vivo optical coherence tomography","volume":"116","author":"AF","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002914","article-title":"Bacillary layer detachment in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a novel swept-source optical coherence tomography analysis","volume":"41","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.4.7","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: an EDI-OCT derived tool for monitoring disease progression","volume":"5","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146344","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index (CVI)-a novel optical coherence tomography parameter for monitoring patients with panuveitis?","volume":"11","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100829","article-title":"Exploring choroidal angioarchitecture in health and disease using choroidal vascularity index","volume":"77","author":"Agrawal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(64)92027-6","article-title":"Ocular fundus photography: suggestions for achieving consistently good pictures and instructions for stereoscopic photography","volume":"57","author":"Allen","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-006-9027-4","article-title":"Fluorescein fundus angiographic findings in vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Arellanes-Garc\u00eda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.22336\/rjo.2021.36","article-title":"The effect of pulse steroid treatment of ten days' long on the improvement of bacillary layer detachment in a patient with Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease","volume":"65","author":"Atas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rom J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-015-0073-7","article-title":"Clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of acute vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease unassociated with clinically evident exudative retinal detachment","volume":"36","author":"Attia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib104","series-title":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT): principle and technical realization. High resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology: new frontiers in biomedical optics","first-page":"59","author":"Aumann","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900636","article-title":"Autofluorescence findings in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"19","author":"Ayata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0487-5","article-title":"Contribution of dual fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography to the appraisal of posterior involvement in birdshot retinochoroiditis and vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease","volume":"38","author":"Balci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199111030-00001","article-title":"Variations in clinical features of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Beniz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Retina Phila. Pa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib14","first-page":"241","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography guided management of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"6","author":"Bouchenaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib15","series-title":"Fluorescein Angiographic Findings in the vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada Syndrome","author":"Brinkley","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674. e671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.04.052","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: clinical outcomes","volume":"140","author":"Bykhovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib17","first-page":"718","article-title":"In vivo fluorescence of the ocular fundus exhibits retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin characteristics","volume":"36","author":"Delori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-019-0176-9","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a new diagnostic tool in uveitis","volume":"9","author":"Dingerkus","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.02.002","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: novel insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"52","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.128967","article-title":"Longitudinal quantification of aqueous flare and cells in vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease","volume":"92","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2025.01.005","article-title":"Bacillary layer detachment: updates on its clinical and prognostic significance in retinal disease","volume":"70","author":"Feo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20231207-01","article-title":"Multilayered exudative bacillary layer detachment in active choroidal neovascularization: a new optical coherence tomography sign","volume":"55","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vigo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1944_21","article-title":"Role of Swept source optical coherence tomography in management of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease","volume":"70","author":"Ganesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90242-2","article-title":"Choroidal ischemia","volume":"94","author":"Gaudric","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(87)90226-1","article-title":"Retinal detachment after choroidal ischemia","volume":"104","author":"Gaudric","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib26","series-title":"Atlas of Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging: 2007, XIV, 342","author":"Goldstein","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.01.004","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Greco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.042","article-title":"Choroidal neovascularization","volume":"137","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)31216-0","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes","volume":"101","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2024.2369940","article-title":"Dynamic changes of fundus and predictors of visual prognosis in new-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2024.2369940","article-title":"Dynamic changes of fundus and predictors of visual prognosis in new-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004259","article-title":"Vascular changes and irreversible complications in 120\u00b0 fundus using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.10.034","article-title":"Distribution and determinants of choroidal thickness and volume using automated segmentation software in a population-based study","volume":"159","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100030081025","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography of the human retina","volume":"113","author":"Hee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol. Chic. Ill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9060-y","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: angiographic signs and utility in patient follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Herbort","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9060-y","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography in vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease: angiographic signs and utility in patient follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Herbort","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0395-0","article-title":"Reappraisal of the management of vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease: sunset glow fundus is no more a fatality","volume":"37","author":"Herbort Jr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1072-0","article-title":"Advances and potential new developments in imaging techniques for posterior uveitis part 2: invasive imaging methods","volume":"35","author":"Herbort Jr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S419546","article-title":"Association of retinal pigment epithelium reflectivity on optical coherence tomography with recurrence of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a retrospective observational study","volume":"17","author":"Hirota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.11.002753","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging of the human retina by high-speed optical coherence tomography","volume":"11","author":"Hitzenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.01.015","article-title":"Relationship between retinal lesions and inward choroidal bulging in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"157","author":"Hosoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.09.025","article-title":"Genetic variations of IL17F and IL23A show associations with Behcet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00503-1","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography patterns of choroidal osteoma","volume":"130","author":"Ide","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00851-5","article-title":"Depigmented atrophic lesions in sunset glow fundi of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"131","author":"Inomata","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib47","first-page":"335","article-title":"Imaging the choroid: from indocyanine green angiography to optical coherence tomography angiography. The Asia-Pacific","volume":"9","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the first international workshop","volume":"140","author":"Jabs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.036","article-title":"Classification criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"228","author":"Jabs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062368","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelial characteristics in acute and resolved Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"12","author":"Jacob","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e31826908fb","article-title":"Imaging in the diagnosis and management of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"52","author":"Jap","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199603610-00015","article-title":"The subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Kaiser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib53","article-title":"Development of fully automated anterior chamber cell analysis based on image software","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0212-x","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelium folds as a diagnostic finding of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"57","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312569","article-title":"Ultra-wide-field angiography findings in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.164665","article-title":"Blue light and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence in acute vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease","volume":"94","author":"Koizumi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-002-0163-4","article-title":"New laser speckle flowgraphy system using CCD camera","volume":"9","author":"Konishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Opt. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00244-X","article-title":"Subretinal fibrosis in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"107","author":"Kuo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3247-0","article-title":"Factors associated with optic nerve head blood flow and color tone: a retrospective observational study","volume":"254","author":"Kuroda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2009.23.2.74","article-title":"Edema of the photoreceptor layer in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease observed using high-resolution optical coherence tomography","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kor. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050342","article-title":"Subretinal Fibrosis and Choroidal Neovascularization in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome","volume":"237","author":"Lertsumitkul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib62","first-page":"59","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-87","article-title":"Comparison of the optical coherence tomographic characters between acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and acute central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318160798f","article-title":"Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization as an early manifestation of inflammatory chorioretinal diseases","volume":"28","author":"Machida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib65","series-title":"Control of Subretinal Fluid: Experimental and Clinical Studies 0\u201310","author":"Marmor","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-20040501-12","article-title":"Tomographic features of serous retinal detachment in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Maruyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.07.016","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"2","author":"Maruyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-010-0853-6","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography findings in initial acute pretreatment vogt-koyanagi-harada disease in Japanese patients","volume":"54","author":"Miyanaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(05)80105-5","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Moorthy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib69","first-page":"1089","volume":"250","author":"Nakai","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(73)91080-5","article-title":"Choroidal folds: the seventh harry searls gradle memorial lecture","volume":"75","author":"Newell","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.24.1.82","article-title":"A method of photographing fluorescence in circulating blood in the human retina","volume":"24","author":"Novotny","year":"1961","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2025.2504583","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in acute vogt-koyanagi-harada disease: clinical significance of hyperreflective outer nuclear layer and bacillary layer detachment","volume":"33","author":"Ozdemir Yalcinsoy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940490912416","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in the acute and chronic phases of vogt-koyanagi-harada disease","volume":"13","author":"Parc","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_787_19","article-title":"Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada (VKH) syndrome: a new perspective for healthcare professionals","volume":"9","author":"Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32298-X","article-title":"Clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy","volume":"98","author":"Pavlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76159-8","article-title":"Ultrasound biomicroscopy of anterior segment structures in normal and glaucomatous eyes","volume":"113","author":"Pavlin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31032-9","article-title":"Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography","volume":"102","author":"Puliafito","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-006-9029-2","article-title":"Pathology of vogt-koyanagi-harada disease","volume":"27","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-006-9029-2","article-title":"Pathology of vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease","volume":"27","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00925-4","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for vogt-koyanagi-harada disease: report of an international committee on nomenclature","volume":"131","author":"Read","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.023","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease","volume":"13","author":"Sakata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100893","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence imaging","volume":"81","author":"Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.06.019","article-title":"Exudative retinal detachment in ocular inflammatory diseases: risk and predictive factors","volume":"218","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(88)90069-0","article-title":"Choroidal osteoma","volume":"33","author":"Shields","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.12.1658","article-title":"Factors predictive of tumor growth, tumor decalcification, choroidal neovascularization, and visual outcome in 74 eyes with choroidal osteoma","volume":"123","author":"Shields","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.037","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography of choroidal osteoma in 22 cases: evidence for photoreceptor atrophy over the decalcified portion of the tumor","volume":"114","author":"Shields","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75078-0","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Snyder","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.11.053","article-title":"Retinal cystoid spaces in acute vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Tsujikawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-006-9001-1","article-title":"The spectrum of vogt-koyanagi-harada disease in Turkey: VKH in Turkey","volume":"27","author":"Tugal-Tutkun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181c5970d","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelial changes in chronic vogt-koyanagi-harada disease: fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings","volume":"30","author":"Vasconcelos-Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910060378017","article-title":"Osseous choristoma of the choroid simulating a choroidal melanoma. Association with a positive 32P test","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.11.050","article-title":"Choroidal folds in vogt-koyanagi-harada disease","volume":"143","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0511-3","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiographic findings of dalen-fuchs nodules in vogt-koyanagi-harada disease","volume":"245","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.04.007","article-title":"Tomographic features of serous retinal detachment with multilobular dye pooling in acute vogt-koyanagi-harada disease","volume":"144","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib95","series-title":"Atlas of Uveitis: Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.040","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome in Chinese patients","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.040","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada syndrome in Chinese patients","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.2664","article-title":"Development and evaluation of diagnostic criteria for vogt-koyanagi-harada disease","volume":"136","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.03.049","article-title":"Comparison of clinical features and visual outcome between sympathetic ophthalmia and vogt\u2013koyanagi\u2013harada disease in Chinese patients","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-9294(12)60019-4","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography of vogt-koyanagi-harada disease: novel findings and new insights into the pathogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Med. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.905931","article-title":"Diagnostic function of 3D optical coherence tomography images in diagnosis of vogt-koyanagi-harada disease at acute uveitis stage","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit.: Int. Med. J. Exp. Clin. Res."}],"container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135094622600011X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135094622600011X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:43:39Z","timestamp":1777610619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S135094622600011X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S135094622600011X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-9462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-9462","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease under the lens: Insights from multimodal ocular imaging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101445","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101445"}}