{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T23:35:02Z","timestamp":1792971302190,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"F Hoffmann-La Roche AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T06:04:37Z","timestamp":1785996277000},"page":"101507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The perfusion-based model of AMD: Moving towards a unifying hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Holekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona Ivanova","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.21712","article-title":"Trends and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults","volume":"335","author":"Abohashem","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.5478","article-title":"Metformin use and age-related macular degeneration in patients without diabetes","volume":"142","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.05.021","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: the third macular risk feature for progression to late age-related macular degeneration","volume":"129","author":"Agr\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.15563","article-title":"Leading causes of death in the US, 2019-2023","volume":"332","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0610-7","article-title":"Hutchinson\u2013Gilford progeria syndrome: a premature aging disease","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.3821","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"143","author":"Ahuja","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9491","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2014a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.10.020","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist use and risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a national cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Allan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2025.01.016","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist impact on chronic ocular disease including age-related macular degeneration","volume":"132","author":"Allan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.12.004","article-title":"Association between obstructive sleep apnea and age-related macular degeneration development and progression","volume":"9","author":"Alshaikhsalama","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.11.003","article-title":"The pivotal role of the complement system in aging and age-related macular degeneration: hypothesis re-visited","volume":"29","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1694","article-title":"Inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by a glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist, Exendin-4","volume":"59","author":"Arakawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19816","article-title":"Associations between retinal pigment epithelium and drusen volume changes during the lifecycle of large drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments","volume":"57","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101260","article-title":"Glycative stress as a cause of macular degeneration","volume":"101","author":"Bejarano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100651","article-title":"Long-term impact of carotid endarterectomy on choroidal and choriocapillaris perfusion: the INFLATE study","volume":"5","author":"Berni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.43","article-title":"Control of retinal and choroidal blood flow","volume":"4","author":"Bill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6331","article-title":"Association of metformin use with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"139","author":"Blitzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4968","article-title":"Choroidal blood flow and progression of age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye in patients with unilateral choroidal neovascularization","volume":"51","author":"Boltz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.08.014","article-title":"Topographic analysis of the choriocapillaris in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"196","author":"Borrelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002906","article-title":"Topographic assessment of choriocapillaris flow deficits in the intermediate age-related macular degeneration eyes with hyporeflective cores inside drusen","volume":"41","author":"Byon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13343","article-title":"Role of diet and food intake in age\u2010related macular degeneration: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Chapman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.039","article-title":"High-density lipoproteins associated with age-related macular degeneration in the all of us research program","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002657","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposit in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.09.001","article-title":"Dietary hyperglycemia, glycemic index and metabolic retinal diseases","volume":"30","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300344","article-title":"The oil spill in ageing Bruch membrane","volume":"95","author":"Curcio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib26","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Photoreceptor loss in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"37","author":"Curcio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31827e25e0","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Curcio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.9.50","article-title":"Genetic associations of Rod- and cone-mediated vision in aging and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"66","author":"Curcio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.8.4.237.1613","article-title":"Associations of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors with age-related macular degeneration: the POLA study","volume":"8","author":"Delcourt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.7.26","article-title":"Differential and altered spatial distribution of complement expression in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"62","author":"Demirs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314813","article-title":"Diet patterns and the incidence of age-related macular degeneration in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"104","author":"Dighe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100301","article-title":"The role of the complement pathway in clinical progression of geographic atrophy","volume":"3","author":"Edmonds","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65903-9","article-title":"HTRA1\/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement","volume":"16","author":"Farashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.01.039","article-title":"The eye, the kidney, and cardiovascular disease: old concepts, better tools, and new horizons","volume":"98","author":"Farrah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285050","article-title":"The vascular geometry of the choriocapillaris is associated with spatially heterogeneous molecular exchange with the outer retina","volume":"602","author":"Faust","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241244413","article-title":"Quantifying cardiac dysfunction and valvular heart disease associated with subretinal drusenoid deposits in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"34","author":"Fei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.11.004","article-title":"Age-related maculopathy \u2013 linking aetiology and pathophysiological changes to the ischaemia hypothesis","volume":"28","author":"Feigl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.10.002","article-title":"Investigating the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature with new optical coherence tomography technologies","volume":"52","author":"Ferrara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1936.02260070126010","article-title":"Angio-architecture of the substantia nigra and its pathogenic significance","volume":"36","author":"Finley","year":"1936","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00265-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231912010","article-title":"Choroidal vasculature changes in age-related macular degeneration: from a molecular to a clinical perspective","volume":"23","author":"Fragiotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70906-7","article-title":"A hemodynamic model of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"124","author":"Friedman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00643-7","article-title":"The role of the atherosclerotic process in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"130","author":"Friedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.036277","article-title":"Update of the vascular model of AMD","volume":"88","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30974-8","article-title":"Ocular blood flow velocity in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Friedman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448","article-title":"A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants","volume":"48","author":"Fritsche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.06.009","article-title":"A revised hemodynamic theory of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Gelfand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"10193","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000338","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Ghaem Maralani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1050","article-title":"Reduced foveolar choroidal blood flow in eyes with increasing AMD severity","volume":"46","author":"Grunwald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083759","article-title":"Proof of concept, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effect of simvastatin on the course of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Guymer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2023.1146055","article-title":"The emerging role of the HTRA1 protease in brain microvascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Haffner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Dementia"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801560","article-title":"Association of HTRA1 mutations and familial ischemic cerebral small-vessel disease","volume":"360","author":"Hara","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.59.11.631","article-title":"Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature","volume":"59","author":"Hayreh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.39","article-title":"In vivo choroidal circulation and its watershed zones","volume":"4","author":"Hayreh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.2.65","article-title":"The ophthalmic artery","volume":"46","author":"Hayreh","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.08.023","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies risk loci and improves disease prediction of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"131","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10411","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01520-9","article-title":"Pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration (OAKS and DERBY): two multicentre, randomised, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"402","author":"Heier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10157","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","article-title":"Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7187","article-title":"Altered blood flow in the ophthalmic and internal carotid arteries in patients with age-related macular degeneration measured using noncontrast MR angiography at 7T","volume":"42","author":"Hibert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib62","author":"Hoshi"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.10.10","article-title":"Diabetes-related risk factors for exudative age-related macular degeneration: a nationwide cohort study of a diabetic population","volume":"64","author":"Hwang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.09.033","article-title":"Outer retinal thinning is associated with brain atrophy in early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"269","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.12.014","article-title":"Impact of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists on age-related macular degeneration at a tertiary ophthalmology center","volume":"10","author":"Joo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1571-z","article-title":"Neuropathological diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia with implications for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"131","author":"Kalaria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.8.40","article-title":"Choriocapillaris impairment, visual function, and distance to fovea in aging and age-related macular degeneration: ALSTAR2 baseline","volume":"65","author":"Kar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.11.22","article-title":"Association of metformin and other diabetes medication use and the development of new-onset dry age-related macular degeneration: a case\u2013control study","volume":"64","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.02.024","article-title":"Association between age-related macular degeneration and mortality in a high cardiovascular risk cohort","volume":"9","author":"Kha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.02.014","article-title":"TENAYA and LUCERNE: two-year results from the phase 3 neovascular age-related macular degeneration trials of faricimab with treat-and-extend dosing in year 2","volume":"131","author":"Khanani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10411","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01583-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of avacincaptad pegol in patients with geographic atrophy (GATHER2): 12-month results from a randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Khanani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003968","article-title":"Association of metformin use with risk of newly onset neovascular Age-related macular degeneration development","volume":"44","author":"Khanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05687-6","article-title":"A new insight into pachychoroid diseases: remodeling of choroidal vasculature","volume":"260","author":"Kishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00599-2","article-title":"The association of cardiovascular disease with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy","volume":"110","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddw162","article-title":"The unconventional secretion of ARMS2","volume":"25","author":"Kortvely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3850","article-title":"ARMS2 is a constituent of the extracellular matrix providing a link between familial and sporadic age-related macular degenerations","volume":"51","author":"Kortvely","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8326207","article-title":"Impact of carotid endarterectomy on choroidal thickness and volume in enhanced depth optical coherence tomography imaging","volume":"2020","author":"Krytkowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.14319","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced metabolic stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells is sufficient to induce photoreceptor degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Kurihara","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05451-2","article-title":"Anti-VEGF therapies for age-related macular degeneration: a powerful tactical gear or a blunt weapon? The choice is ours","volume":"259","author":"Lanzetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001154","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits are strongly associated with coexistent high-risk vascular diseases","volume":"7","author":"Ledesma-Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.2856","article-title":"Associations between recent and established ophthalmic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231216144","article-title":"Aberrant vascular architecture in the hippocampus correlates with tau burden in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.01.012","article-title":"Laser speckle flowgraphy reveals widespread reductions in ocular blood flow in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"273","author":"Linton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib85","article-title":"Rare variants in HTRA1, SGTB, and RBM12 confer risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Lockhart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation: Genom. Prec. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2021-018222","article-title":"Ophthalmic artery angioplasty for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Lylyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurointerventional Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2025-023608","article-title":"Ophthalmic artery angioplasty in a cohort of patients with geographic atrophy secondary to non-exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Lylyk","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neurointerventional Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib88","article-title":"Chapter 2: anatomy and ultrastructure","author":"Marilyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Circu."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(92)90001-4","article-title":"Microvascular anatomy of the hippocampal formation","volume":"37","author":"Marinkovi\u0107","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17061037","article-title":"Mediterranean diet on development and progression of age-related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"17","author":"Marques-Couto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001209","article-title":"2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American heart association","volume":"149","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000496","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular diseases: revisiting the common soil theory","volume":"11","author":"Mauschitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pacific J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.05.016","article-title":"Physical activity and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"McGuinness","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004616","article-title":"Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"45","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.611830","article-title":"Function and dysfunction of complement factor H during formation of lipid-rich deposits","volume":"11","author":"Meri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/591961","article-title":"Anatomy of the ophthalmic artery: a review concerning its modern surgical and clinical applications","volume":"2015","author":"Michalinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anat. Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68314-w","article-title":"Choroidal thinning in myopia is associated with axial elongation and severity of myopic maculopathy","volume":"14","author":"Midorikawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110304","article-title":"Dissecting the biological complexity of age-related macular degeneration: is it one disease, multiple separate diseases, or a spectrum?","volume":"254","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.3.23","article-title":"The association between metformin use and new-onset ICD coding of geographic atrophy","volume":"65","author":"Moir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.2.37","article-title":"Internal carotid artery stenosis and ipsilateral subretinal drusenoid deposits","volume":"65","author":"Mordechaev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6476","article-title":"Choriocapillaris vascular dropout related to density of Drusen in human eyes with early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"52","author":"Mullins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2025.12.016","article-title":"Rate of age-related macular degeneration in patients prescribed glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists or other weight loss therapies","volume":"10","author":"Myers","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04403-1","article-title":"Choriocapillaris flow impairment predicts the development and enlargement of drusen","volume":"257","author":"Nassisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.005","article-title":"Choriocapillaris nonperfusion is associated with poor visual acuity in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"174","author":"Nesper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib107","series-title":"Researchers Find Genetic Basis for Important Risk Factor in Blinding Eye Disease","year":"2026"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.209460","article-title":"Cardiovascular pathology in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria: correlation with the vascular pathology of aging","volume":"30","author":"Olive","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2025.06.013","article-title":"Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation is associated with incidence and early progression of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"132","author":"Owsley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.5.16","article-title":"Outer retinal thickness is associated with cognitive function in normal aging to intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"65","author":"Owsley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.4.58","article-title":"Use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP-4 inhibitors and age-related macular degeneration in patients WithType 2 diabetes: a multinational cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.10.1353","article-title":"A fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic study of choriocapillaris in age-related macular disease","volume":"117","author":"Pauleikhoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0063-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors","volume":"3","author":"Pennington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.03.002","article-title":"Cholesterol in the retina: the best is yet to come","volume":"41","author":"Pikuleva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.3.51","article-title":"Choriocapillaris flow signal deficits are associated with AMD onset and early progression over three years: ALSTAR2 Follow-Up","volume":"67","author":"Pu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib116","first-page":"2857","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging","volume":"35","author":"Ramrattan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.6.4","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy on swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography with variable Interscan time analysis","volume":"6","author":"Rebhun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.06.005","article-title":"Decreased macular choriocapillaris perfusion correlates with contrast sensitivity function in dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Romano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2025-002339","article-title":"Metformin and incidence of age-related macular degeneration in people with diabetes: a population-based 5-year case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Romdhoniyyah","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.08.015","article-title":"An update on the hemodynamic model of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"235","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702302114","article-title":"Involvement of a gut\u2013retina axis in protection against dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"114","author":"Rowan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib122","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feasibility study of balloon angioplasty for the treatment of ophthalmic artery stenoses in patients with geographic atrophy","author":"Saravia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophth. Surg. Laser Imag. Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.08.017","article-title":"Disease activity and therapeutic response to pegcetacoplan for geographic atrophy identified by deep learning-based analysis of OCT","volume":"132","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.6072","article-title":"Progression of age-related macular degeneration among individuals homozygous for risk alleles on chromosome 1 (CFH-CFHR5) or chromosome 10 (ARMS2\/HTRA1) or both","volume":"140","author":"Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.03.007","article-title":"Genetic distinctions between reticular pseudodrusen and drusen: a genome-wide association study","volume":"274","author":"Schwartz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-026-04287-6","article-title":"Association between PCSK9 inhibitor use and risk of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.04.011","article-title":"Decreased central macular choriocapillaris perfusion correlates with increased low luminance visual acuity deficits","volume":"253","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.09.017","article-title":"Correlations between different choriocapillaris flow deficit parameters in normal eyes using swept source OCT angiography","volume":"209","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.12.015","article-title":"Correlations between choriocapillaris and choroidal measurements and the growth of geographic atrophy using swept source OCT imaging","volume":"224","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.1455","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"143","author":"Shor","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00416865","article-title":"Submacular choroidal vascular pattern","volume":"192","author":"Singh Hayreh","year":"1974","journal-title":"Albrecht von Graefes Archiv F?r Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00416864","article-title":"The choriocapillaris","volume":"192","author":"Singh Hayreh","year":"1974","journal-title":"Albrecht von Graefes Archiv F?r Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100036","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits, age-related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pacific J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.02.001","article-title":"Vascular stem cells and ischaemic retinopathies","volume":"30","author":"Stitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib135","article-title":"Exploring the genetic landscape of geographic atrophy progression: a GWAS in 2,472 individuals with AMD","volume":"65","author":"Stockwell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib136","first-page":"2844","article-title":"Evaluation of leukocyte dynamics in choroidal circulation with indocyanine green-stained leukocytes","volume":"41","author":"Takasu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-021-03514-y","article-title":"Progeria\u2014A rare genetic condition with accelerated ageing process","volume":"195","author":"Talukder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.033","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"114","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003460","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits and soft Drusen","volume":"42","author":"Thomson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060424","article-title":"Alterations of choroidal blood flow regulation in young healthy subjects with complement factor H polymorphism","volume":"8","author":"Told","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib141","article-title":"The association between ophthalmic artery stenoses and late-stage age-related macular degeneration","volume":"67","author":"Trivizki","year":"2026","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib142","first-page":"1306","article-title":"Uptake of cholesterol by the retina occurs primarily via a low density lipoprotein receptor-mediated process","volume":"12","author":"Tserentsoodol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03805-2","article-title":"Photobiomodulation-induced choriocapillaris perfusion enhancement and outer retinal remodelling in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a promising therapeutic approach with short-term results","volume":"39","author":"Viggiano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117648","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration is associated with atherosclerosis","volume":"142","author":"Vingerling","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2376","article-title":"Lipoprotein particles of intraocular origin in human bruch membrane: an unusual lipid profile","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib147","author":"Wang"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052015","article-title":"A high-fat plus high-sucrose diet induces age-related macular degeneration in an experimental rabbit model","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.4.547","article-title":"Retinal oxygen: fundamental and clinical aspects","volume":"121","author":"Wangsa-Wirawan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib149","series-title":"\u00dcber Die Katalytischen Wirkungen Der Lebendigen Substanz","first-page":"510","article-title":"\u00dcber die Klassifizierung tierischer Gewebe nach ihrem Stoffwechsel","author":"Warburg","year":"1928"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.11.005","article-title":"Complement activation and choriocapillaris loss in early AMD: implications for pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"45","author":"Whitmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00877-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14511","article-title":"Monogenic retinal diseases associated with genes encoding phototransduction proteins: a review","volume":"53","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111357","article-title":"Intravitreal metformin protects against choroidal neovascularization and light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1586\/eop.11.44","article-title":"Retinal energetics: its critical role in retinal physiology and pathology","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.15.21","article-title":"Oral metformin inhibits choroidal neovascularization by modulating the gut-retina axis","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.07.026","article-title":"Influence of carotid endarterectomy on choroidal perfusion","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.12.025","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in the macular choriocapillaris of normal eyes imaged with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"200","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.012","article-title":"Age-related changes in choroidal thickness and the volume of vessels and stroma using swept-source OCT and fully automated algorithms","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0110","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins - basic research and clinical perspectives -","volume":"74","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.027","article-title":"Prevalence and significance of subretinal drusenoid deposits (Reticular pseudodrusen) in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"117","author":"Zweifel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135094622600073X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135094622600073X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T23:24:25Z","timestamp":1792970665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S135094622600073X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":158,"alternative-id":["S135094622600073X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-9462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-9462","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The perfusion-based model of AMD: Moving towards a unifying hypothesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2026.101507","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101507"}}