{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:46:36Z","timestamp":1775040396758,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","prosdent.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T18:08:45Z","timestamp":1625767725000},"page":"486-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of variations in facial flow curves on the perceptions of smile esthetics by laypeople"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Koseoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Funda","family":"Bayindir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.1618","article-title":"Laypersons\u2019 perception of facial and dental asymmetries","volume":"33","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib2","series-title":"Bonded porcelain restorations in the anterior dentition: a biomimetic approach","first-page":"23","author":"Magne","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.11.006","article-title":"Relationship between different points on the face and the width of maxillary central teeth in a Turkish population","volume":"122","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.12.015","article-title":"An investigation of the esthetic indicators of maxillary anterior teeth in young Turkish people","volume":"120","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12595","article-title":"Effects of gingival margin asymmetries on the smile esthetic perception of dental professionals and laypeople","volume":"32","author":"Koseoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5577\/intdentres.2018.vol8.no1.1","article-title":"Evaluation of different smile parameters in the Turkish population","volume":"8","author":"Koseoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib7","first-page":"233","article-title":"The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Rigsbee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.1998.1.1.2","article-title":"A\u00a0morphometric analysis of the posed smile","volume":"1","author":"Ackerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthod Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib9","first-page":"279","article-title":"Analysis of the smile photograph","volume":"7","author":"Ritter","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802060617","article-title":"Tooth display and lip position during spontaneous and posed smiling in adults","volume":"66","author":"Van Der Geld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.10.028","article-title":"The influence of lip form on incisal display with lips in repose on the esthetic preferences of dentists and laypeople","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7815274","article-title":"Perceptions of altered smile esthetics: a comparative evaluation in orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons","volume":"1","author":"Al Taki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib13","series-title":"Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics","first-page":"13","author":"Chiche","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib14","first-page":"35","article-title":"Esthetic rehabilitation in fixed prosthodontics","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Fradeani","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib15","first-page":"62","article-title":"Evaluation of dentolabial parameters as part of a comprehensive esthetic analysis","volume":"1","author":"Fradeani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90338-4","article-title":"Occlusal cant in the frontal plane as a reflection of facial asymmetry","volume":"55","author":"Padwa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib17","first-page":"132","article-title":"Changes in smile parameters as perceived by orthodontists, dentists, artists, and laypeople","volume":"9","author":"Gul-e-Erum","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib18","first-page":"132","article-title":"Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival display and incisal plane inclination","volume":"9","author":"Geron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.12.001","article-title":"The glossary of prosthodontic terms: ninth edition","volume":"117","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(73)80013-7","article-title":"The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics","volume":"29","author":"Lombardi","year":"1973","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib21","series-title":"Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients","first-page":"309","author":"Zarb","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(88)90382-4","article-title":"The midline and its relation to the anatomic landmarks in the edentulous patient","volume":"59","author":"Latta","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib23","first-page":"588","article-title":"Perception of maxillary dental midline shift in asymmetric faces","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2003.68","article-title":"Observable deviation of the facial and anterior tooth midlines","volume":"89","author":"Cardash","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(98)80016-9","article-title":"Evaluation of dental midline position","volume":"4","author":"Beyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.5.517","article-title":"The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings","volume":"21","author":"Johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0043","article-title":"Esthetics and smile characteristics from the layperson\u2019s perspective: a computer-based survey study","volume":"139","author":"Ker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.039","article-title":"Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics","volume":"132","author":"Pinho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.2319\/030508-131.1","article-title":"The perception of smile attractiveness","volume":"79","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(09)60117-7","article-title":"The relationship of facial anatomic landmarks with midlines of the face and mouth","volume":"102","author":"Bidra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.03.023","article-title":"The facial flow concept: an organic orofacial analysis\u2014the vertical component","volume":"121","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.07.027","article-title":"Layperson's preference regarding orientation of the transverse occlusal plane and commissure line from the frontal perspective","volume":"117","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12347","article-title":"Layperson's perception of axial midline angulation in asymmetric faces","volume":"30","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.03.023","article-title":"Comparison of gingival display in smile attractiveness among restorative dentists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, periodontists, and laypeople","volume":"123","author":"Pinzan Vercelino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.09.010","article-title":"Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"145","author":"Correa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.2911","article-title":"Dynamic documentation of the smile and the 2D\/3D digital smile design process","volume":"37","author":"Coachman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.05.008","article-title":"Influence of symmetry and balance on visual perception of a white female smile","volume":"120","author":"Magne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12054","article-title":"Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"25","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.017","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0245","article-title":"Laypeople\u2019s preferences regarding frontal dentofacial esthetics: tooth-related factors","volume":"142","author":"Witt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022391321003206?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022391321003206?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T10:59:41Z","timestamp":1758365981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022391321003206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022391321003206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3913","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of variations in facial flow curves on the perceptions of smile esthetics by laypeople","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by the Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}