{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:10:49Z","timestamp":1769551849839,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018608","name":"High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2022001031L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022001031L"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003512","name":"State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","prosdent.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T05:56:10Z","timestamp":1711086970000},"page":"1280-1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Layperson assessment of smile lines and upper lip combined images in smile esthetics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Yan-geng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-xun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7155-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwok-Hung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90170-8","article-title":"The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults","volume":"87","author":"Shaw","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12250","article-title":"The unique contribution of elements of smile aesthetics to psychosocial well-being","volume":"42","author":"Lukez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01370-6","article-title":"Personality traits, psychosocial effects and quality of life of patients submitted to dental bleaching","volume":"21","author":"Bonaf\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12999","article-title":"Effect of smile esthetics on the quality of life in a Han Chinese population","volume":"35","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/24.2.199","article-title":"The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings","volume":"24","author":"Hunt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib6","first-page":"778","article-title":"Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival display and incisal plane inclination","volume":"75","author":"Geron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.09.021","article-title":"Smile line assessment comparing quantitative measurement and visual estimation","volume":"139","author":"Van der Geld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(84)80097-9","article-title":"Some esthetic factors in a smile","volume":"51","author":"Tjan","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12032","article-title":"Effects of vertical positions of anterior teeth on smile esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients","volume":"25","author":"Ioi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib10","first-page":"331","article-title":"The computer-assisted measuring study on smile characteristics of individual normal occlusion adults of Chinese Han-nationality","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin J Aesth Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12356","article-title":"Esthetics and smile-related characteristics assessed by laypersons","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2019.12.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment approaches to a \"gummy smile\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Dym","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib13","first-page":"102","article-title":"Gummy smile and short tooth syndrome--Part 1: Etiopathogenesis, classification, and diagnostic guidelines","volume":"37","author":"Pavone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib14","first-page":"84","article-title":"Incidence of gummy smile in Han adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Med Aesth & Cosmet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00414.x","article-title":"Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics","volume":"11","author":"Kokich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.022","article-title":"Laypeople's perceptions of frontal smile esthetics: A systematic review","volume":"150","author":"Parrini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051638","article-title":"Perceptions of dentists and non-professionals on some dental factors affecting smile aesthetics: A study from Vietnam","volume":"17","author":"Ngoc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib18","first-page":"98","article-title":"Comparing the perceptions of orthodontists and laypersons regarding the smile line","volume":"27","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Med Aesth & Cosmet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.05.025","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: Clinical options","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2319\/082606-349","article-title":"Smile attractiveness. Self-perception and influence on personality","volume":"77","author":"Van der Geld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2319\/060510-309.1","article-title":"Esthetics and smile characteristics evaluated by laypersons","volume":"81","author":"McLeod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.017","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: Asymmetric and symmetric situations","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0043","article-title":"Esthetics and smile characteristics from the layperson's perspective: A computer-based survey study","volume":"139","author":"Ker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib24","first-page":"216","article-title":"The threshold of acceptability of excessive gingival display by laypersons: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Batra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.03.023","article-title":"Comparison of gingival display in smile attractiveness among restorative dentists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, periodontists, and laypeople","volume":"123","author":"Pinzan-Vercelino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00839.x","article-title":"Smile esthetics: The influence of posterior maxillary gingival margin position","volume":"21","author":"Crawford","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.19167","article-title":"Effect of posterior gingival smile on the perception of smile esthetics","volume":"19","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.02.004","article-title":"The influence of the maxillary posterior region on smile aesthetics in a Chinese cohort","volume":"72","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.05.006","article-title":"Influence on smile attractiveness of the smile arc in conjunction with gingival display","volume":"144","author":"Kaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12834","article-title":"Analysis of the effect magnitude of different parameters on smile attractiveness","volume":"34","author":"Al Hamad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12118","article-title":"The impact of occlusal plane cant along with gingival display on smile attractiveness","volume":"19","author":"Kaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod22.164","article-title":"Perception of discrepancy in the upper midline position in conjunction with the gingival display according to various occupations in Iran","volume":"53","author":"Najafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2013.17","article-title":"Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese","volume":"5","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib34","first-page":"9","article-title":"The esthetics of the smile: A review of some recent studies","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1031-y","article-title":"Evaluation of the maxillary midline, curve of the upper lip, smile line and tooth shape: A prospective study of 140 Caucasian patients","volume":"20","author":"Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7815274","article-title":"Perceptions of altered smile esthetics: A comparative evaluation in orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons","volume":"2016","author":"Al Taki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.odw.2008.03.001","article-title":"Assessment of the esthetic smile in young Japanese women","volume":"67","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthod Waves"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.10.022","article-title":"Influence of upper lip curvature on smile attractiveness in patients with different degrees of gingival smiles: A cross-sectional study with opinions from oral health providers and laypersons","volume":"159","author":"Valverde-Montalva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02667.x","article-title":"Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain?","volume":"5","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib40","first-page":"557","article-title":"Attractiveness of variations in the smile arc and buccal corridor space as judged by orthodontists and laymen","volume":"76","author":"Parekh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2319\/080708-410.1","article-title":"Effects of buccal corridors on smile esthetics in Japanese","volume":"79","author":"Ioi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.037","article-title":"Dynamic smile analysis in young adults","volume":"132","author":"Maulik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.05.042","article-title":"Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment","volume":"133","author":"McNamara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022391324001318?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022391324001318?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T23:16:35Z","timestamp":1759274195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022391324001318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022391324001318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3913","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Layperson assessment of smile lines and upper lip combined images in smile esthetics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.01.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2025 by the Editorial Council of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}