{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:54:42Z","timestamp":1792068882501,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005645","name":"American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005645","name":"American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2 \\u2013 549479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2 \\u2013 549479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008522","name":"University of Illinois at Chicago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2 \\u2013 631712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2 \\u2013 631712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","prosdent.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:04:30Z","timestamp":1789185870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human gingival epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation on Ti-6Al-4V surface biofunctionalized with a nanoceramic thin film: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5002-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8624-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harshdeep","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Takoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8991-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1178-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1991.020206.x","article-title":"The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth","volume":"2","author":"Berglundh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v038a06","article-title":"Biology of soft tissue repair: Gingival epithelium in wound healing and attachment to the tooth and abutment surface","volume":"38","author":"Gibbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib3","first-page":"52","article-title":"Collagen fiber orientation around machined titanium and zirconia dental implant necks: An animal study","volume":"24","author":"Tet\u00e8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.02.005","article-title":"Race to invade: Understanding soft tissue integration at the transmucosal region of titanium dental implants","volume":"37","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9079673","article-title":"Effect of TiO\u2082 abutment coatings on peri-implant soft tissue behavior: A systematic review of in vivo studies","volume":"2024","author":"Areid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081123","article-title":"Is peri-implant probing causing over-diagnosis and over-treatment of dental implants?","volume":"8","author":"Coli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2010.04.005","article-title":"Response of human fibroblasts to implant surface coated with titanium dioxide photocatalytic films","volume":"54","author":"Hoshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.8110","article-title":"Influence of modified titanium abutment surface on peri-implant soft tissue behavior: A systematic review of in vitro studies","volume":"35","author":"Corvino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.01.006","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of titanium and zirconia abutments at the implant-abutment interface: A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2017.07.003","article-title":"Is zirconia a viable alternative to titanium for oral implant abutments? A critical review","volume":"62","author":"Sivaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib11","article-title":"Biomaterials in orthopaedics","volume":"17","author":"Puleo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib12","article-title":"Determinants of corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy dental implants in an in vitro model of peri-implant inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Berbel","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40735-015-0013-0","article-title":"Wear and corrosion interactions on titanium in oral environment: Literature review","volume":"1","author":"Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bio Tribo Corros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234524","article-title":"Adhesion of streptococci to titanium and zirconia","volume":"15","author":"Oda","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.77.1.73","article-title":"Inflammatory infiltrate, microvessel density, nitric oxide synthase expression, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and proliferative activity in peri-implant soft tissues around titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps","volume":"77","author":"Degidi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35111","article-title":"Epithelial cell attachment and adhesion protein expression on novel in sol TiO\u2082 coated zirconia and titanium alloy surfaces","volume":"110","author":"Riivari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.08.007","article-title":"Initial attachment, subsequent cell proliferation\/viability and gene expression of epithelial cells related to attachment and wound healing in response to different titanium surfaces","volume":"28","author":"An","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.01.049","article-title":"Effect of surface potential on epithelial cell adhesion, proliferation and morphology","volume":"141","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199603)30:3<373::AID-JBM12>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Coupled influence of substratum hydrophilicity and surfactant on epithelial cell adhesion and protein adsorption","volume":"30","author":"Dewez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03347-7","article-title":"Influence of surface nanotopography and wettability on early stages of soft tissue integration around implants","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.09.010","article-title":"Biological response of epithelial and connective tissue cells to titanium surfaces with different ranges of roughness: An in vitro study","volume":"38","author":"Osman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1996.070302.x","article-title":"The influence of abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and peri-implant mucositis","volume":"7","author":"Bollen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis2020011","article-title":"Titanium alloys for dental implants: A review","volume":"2","author":"Nicholson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.04.048","article-title":"The effect of UV\u2013photofunctionalization on the time-related bioactivity of titanium and chromium\u2013cobalt alloys","volume":"30","author":"Att","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00871","article-title":"Thin TiO\u2082 coatings by ALD enhance the cell growth on TiO\u2082 nanotubular and flat substrates","volume":"3","author":"Motola","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib26","first-page":"753","article-title":"Biological aging of implant surfaces and their restoration with ultraviolet light treatment: A novel understanding of osseointegration","volume":"27","author":"Att","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac4c8d","article-title":"The response of bioactive titanium surfaces with different structure to UVC irradiation to eliminate the negative effect on biological properties during aging time","volume":"17","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(93)80022-R","article-title":"Biochemical application of photoelectrochemistry: Photokilling of malignant cells with TiO\u2082 powder","volume":"38","author":"Fujishima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electrochim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib29","first-page":"3","article-title":"Corrosion of titanium: Part 2: Effects of surface treatments","volume":"16","author":"Prando","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Biomater Funct Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201001374","article-title":"TiO\u2082 nanotubes: Synthesis and applications","volume":"50","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2014.04.026","article-title":"A brief review of atomic layer deposition: From fundamentals to applications","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c19142","article-title":"Ultrathin ALD coatings of Zr and V oxides on anodic TiO\u2082 nanotube layers: Comparison of the osteoblast cell growth","volume":"17","author":"Baishya","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12121656","article-title":"Atomic layer deposition of antibacterial nanocoatings: A review","volume":"12","author":"Nazarov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030735","article-title":"The effect of film thickness on the gas sensing properties of ultra-thin TiO\u2082 films deposited by atomic layer deposition","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2019-0035","article-title":"Synthesis of nano zirconium oxide and its application in dentistry","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanotechnol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2022.128686","article-title":"In vitro corrosion behavior of coated Ti6Al4V with TiO\u2082, ZrO\u2082, and TiO\u2082\/ZrO\u2082 mixed nanofilms using atomic layer deposition for dental implants","volume":"444","author":"Shahmohammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surf Coat Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030502","article-title":"Comparison of mechanical and barrier properties of Al\u2082O\u2083\/TiO\u2082\/ZrO\u2082 layers in oxide\u2013hydroxyapatite sandwich composite coatings deposited by sol\u2013gel method on Ti6Al7Nb alloy","volume":"13","author":"Pietrzyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13092070","article-title":"Novel yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide and lithium disilicate coatings on titanium alloy substrate for implant abutments and biomedical application","volume":"13","author":"Maminskas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14051079","article-title":"Evaluation of bacterial adhesion to the ZrO\u2082 atomic layer deposited on the surface of cobalt-chromium dental alloy produced by DMLS method","volume":"14","author":"Zi\u0119bowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmu040","article-title":"Characterization of a micro-roughened TiO\u2082\/ZrO\u2082 coating: Mechanical properties and HBMSC responses in vitro","volume":"46","author":"Si","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35247","article-title":"Effect of nano-ceramic coating on surface property and microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate)","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.08.015","article-title":"Roughness induced dynamic changes of wettability of acid etched titanium implant modifications","volume":"25","author":"Rupp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01367.x","article-title":"The effect of material characteristics, of surface topography and of implant components and connections on soft tissue integration: A literature review","volume":"17","author":"Rompen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00383","article-title":"Epithelial contact guidance on well-defined micro and nanostructured substrates","volume":"116","author":"Teixeira","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002239132600572X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002239132600572X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:34:06Z","timestamp":1792067646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002239132600572X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S002239132600572X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3913","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human gingival epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation on Ti-6Al-4V surface biofunctionalized with a nanoceramic thin film: An in vitro study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}