{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:59:05Z","timestamp":1772121545524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002345","name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Protist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T11:58:22Z","timestamp":1659527902000},"page":"125905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improved Methods for Bulk Cultivation and Fixation of Loxodes Ciliates for Fluorescence Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Brandon Kwee Boon","family":"Seah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Emmerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estienne Carl","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0005","series-title":"Maintaining clonal Paramecium tetraurelia cell lines of controlled age through daily reisolation","author":"Beisson","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0010","series-title":"Mass culture of Paramecium tetraurelia","author":"Beisson","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0015","series-title":"Immunocytochemistry of Paramecium cytoskeletal structures","author":"Beisson","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0020","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Cultivation and cloning of the primitive ciliates of the genus Loxodes and some aspects of their biology","volume":"23","author":"Bobyleva","year":"1980","journal-title":"Tsitologiia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2005.01.001","article-title":"Defence function of pigmentocysts in the karyorelictid ciliate Loxodes striatus","volume":"41","author":"Buonanno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Europ J Protistol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00244.x","article-title":"Use of the PCR and fluorescent probes to recover SSU rRNA gene sequences from single cells of the ciliate protozoon Spathidium","volume":"4","author":"Dyal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.110.1.17","article-title":"Geotaxis in the ciliated protozoon Loxodes","volume":"110","author":"Fenchel","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05560.x","article-title":"The structure and function of m\u00fcller vesicles in loxodid ciliates","volume":"33","author":"Fenchel","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0045","first-page":"173","article-title":"Oxygen availability and seasonal migrations of ciliated protozoa in a freshwater lake","volume":"123","author":"Finlay","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/303333a0","article-title":"Nitrate respiration in primitive eukaryotes","volume":"303","author":"Finlay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05582.x","article-title":"Oxygen perception and O2 toxicity in the freshwater ciliated protozoon Loxodes","volume":"33","author":"Finlay","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.057893-0","article-title":"An update of \u2018basic light and scanning electron microscopic methods for taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa\u2019","volume":"64","author":"Foissner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0065","first-page":"3","article-title":"Licht- und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Infraciliatur von Loxodes striatus (Engelmann, 1862) und Loxodes magnus Stokes, 1887 (Protozoa: Ciliophora)","volume":"210","author":"Foissner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Zool Anz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.2.307-310.1993","article-title":"Evaluation of intestinal protozoan morphology in polyvinyl alcohol preservative: comparison of zinc sulfate- and mercuric chloride-based compounds for use in Schaudinn\u2019s fixative","volume":"31","author":"Garcia","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0075","unstructured":"Giese AC (ed) (1973) Blepharisma: The Biology of a Light-sensitive Protozoan, illustrated edn, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 366 p"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00016241","article-title":"The ecology of two species of primitive ciliated protozoa commonly found in standing freshwaters (Loxodes magnus Stokes and L. striatus Penard)","volume":"72","author":"Goulder","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1656(96)01337-5","article-title":"Influence of accelerations on the spatial orientation of Loxodes and Paramecium","volume":"47","author":"Hemmersbach","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028158","article-title":"Uncultivated microbial eukaryotic diversity: a method to link SSU rRNA gene sequences with morphology","volume":"6","author":"Hirst","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6336(72)80003-2","article-title":"Tissue fixation with mercury compounds","volume":"4","author":"Hopwood","year":"1972","journal-title":"Prog Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0100","first-page":"13","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the somatic and oral cortex of the karyorelictean ciliate Loxodes striatus","volume":"35","author":"Klindworth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Protozool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0105","series-title":"Bancroft\u2019s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","first-page":"40","article-title":"Chapter 5: Fixation of Tissues","author":"Layton","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm433","article-title":"Novel zinc-based fixative for high quality DNA, RNA and protein analysis","volume":"35","author":"Lykidis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0115","series-title":"Sexual Interaction in Eukaryotic Microbes","first-page":"95","article-title":"Cell Interaction by Gamones in Blepharisma","author":"Miyake","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2021.125840","article-title":"DAPI staining and DNA content estimation of nuclei in uncultivable microbial eukaryotes (Arcellinida and Ciliates)","volume":"81","author":"Munyenyembe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europ J Protistol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0932-4739(97)80006-5","article-title":"Electric control of ciliary beat direction and curvature of gliding in Loxodes (Ciliata)","volume":"33","author":"Nagel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Europ J Protistol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050257","article-title":"Evidence of central and peripheral gravireception in the ciliate Loxodes striatus","volume":"183","author":"Neugebauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A: Sens Neur Behav Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3053.31.b","article-title":"A combined method for the rapid fixation and adhesion of ciliates and flagellates","volume":"118","author":"Nissenbaum","year":"1953","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695709","article-title":"Glyoxal as an alternative fixative to formaldehyde in immunostaining and super-resolution microscopy","volume":"37","author":"Richter","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-4328(99)00144-4","article-title":"An immunofluorescence technique for staining ciliated protozoans: highlighting cytoplasmic microtubular arrays and stages of micronuclear meiosis","volume":"32","author":"Santangelo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401130106","article-title":"Methods in the general biology and genetics of Paramecium aurelia","volume":"113","author":"Sonneborn","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1127\/fal\/2020\/1220","article-title":"Simple morphology-based species identification in Euplotes spp","volume":"193","author":"Trogant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fund Appl Limnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-019-3897-3","article-title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two little-known species of Loxodes, L. kahli Dragesco & Njin\u00e9, 1971 and L. rostrum M\u00fcller, 1786 (Protist, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea)","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ocean Univ China"}],"container-title":["Protist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1434461022000505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1434461022000505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T16:31:30Z","timestamp":1761409890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1434461022000505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1434461022000505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.05.29.493905","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1434-4610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-4610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improved Methods for Bulk Cultivation and Fixation of Loxodes Ciliates for Fluorescence Microscopy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Protist","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.protis.2022.125905","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125905"}}