{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:44:09Z","timestamp":1790376249117,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathology - Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,3]],"date-time":"2008-06-03T11:35:01Z","timestamp":1212492901000},"page":"609-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Myopathology of non-infectious inflammatory myopathies \u2013 The current status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Ekkehard","family":"Hewer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans H.","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1646","article-title":"The wide spectrum of myofibrillar myopathy suggests a multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis","volume":"51","author":"Amato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91384-4","article-title":"Increased expression of HLA ABC class I antigens by muscle fibres in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammatory myopathy, and other neuromuscular disorders","volume":"1","author":"Appleyard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1448","article-title":"Necrotizing myopathy with pipestem capillaries and minimal cellular infiltration: a case associated with cutaneous signs of dermatomyositis","volume":"46","author":"Authier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.5.464","article-title":"Inflammatory myopathy with abundant macrophages (IMAM): a condition sharing similarities with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis and distinct from macrophagic myofasciitis","volume":"62","author":"Bassez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib5","first-page":"371","article-title":"Activation pattern of macrophages in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"112","author":"Bergmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.39","article-title":"Polymyositis with cytochrome oxidase negative muscle fibres. Early quadriceps weakness and poor response to immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"120","author":"Blume","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib7","first-page":"101","article-title":"Muscle pathology in rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and polymyositis: a histochemical study","volume":"94","author":"Brooke","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib8","unstructured":"A. Brunn, A comparison between the \u201cinflammatory myopathy with abundant macrophages\u201d and dermatomyositis. 18. Kongress des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Muskelkranke e.V.,Freiburg, 28.2.-3.3., Wecom Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kommunikation mbH & Co. KG, 83 (abstract)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0113-5","article-title":"The inflammatory reaction pattern distinguishes primary dysferlinopathies from idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: an important role for the membrane attack complex","volume":"112","author":"Brunn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(94)00061-D","article-title":"Focal myositis: a clinicopathological study","volume":"5","author":"Caldwell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib11","first-page":"452","article-title":"Extensive macrophagic myositis in deltoid and trabecular myopathy in quadriceps in a patient without antecedent vaccination (abstract 86)","volume":"64","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.65","article-title":"Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the muscle of patients with inflammatory myopathies","volume":"54","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00255-8","article-title":"Muscle inflammation and MHC class I up-regulation in muscular dystrophy with lack of dysferlin: an immunopathological study","volume":"142","author":"Confalonieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14368-1","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"362","author":"Dalakas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1779","article-title":"Differential expression of chemokines in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"58","author":"De Bleecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2006.11.004","article-title":"Distribution of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta subtypes in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"17","author":"De Bleecker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199605000-00009","article-title":"Myofibrillar myopathy with abnormal foci of desmin positivity. II. Immunocytochemical analysis reveals accumulation of multiple other proteins","volume":"55","author":"De Bleecker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20294","article-title":"Beta-chemokine receptor expression in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"31","author":"De Paepe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(89)90228-1","article-title":"Early ultrastructural alterations in adult dermatomyositis. Capillary abnormalities precede other structural changes in muscle","volume":"94","author":"De Visser","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.11.008","article-title":"The cell-specific expression of metalloproteinase-disintegrins (ADAMs) in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"25","author":"Dehmel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib21","first-page":"324","article-title":"Macrophagic myofasciitis","author":"Doostkam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.051086","article-title":"Signs of inflammation in both symptomatic and asymptomatic muscles from patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"65","author":"Dorph","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.936","article-title":"Necrotizing myopathy with pipestem capillaries, microvascular deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), and minimal cellular infiltration","volume":"41","author":"Emslie-Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62513-8","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fibers express major histocompatibility complex class II antigens independently of inflammatory infiltrates in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"159","author":"Englund","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.5.484","article-title":"Proteasomal expression, induction of immunoproteasome subunits, and local MHC class I presentation in myofibrillar myopathy and inclusion body myositis","volume":"63","author":"Ferrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294667","article-title":"Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) and cylindric confronting cisternae (CCC) in childhood dermatomyositis","volume":"79","author":"Fidzianska","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8561(03)00095-X","article-title":"Aluminum inclusion macrophagic myofasciitis: a recently identified condition","volume":"23","author":"Gherardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510070073013","article-title":"Polymyositis beginning as a focal process","volume":"38","author":"Heffner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.5.993","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis presenting with isoloated erector spinae paresis","volume":"45","author":"Hund","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib30","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Granulysin expression in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis [abstract M-P-6.04],","volume":"16","author":"Ikezoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.2.341","article-title":"Expression of specific matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"124","author":"Kieseier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib32","first-page":"134","article-title":"Acute granulomatous myositis and fasciitis in GVHD","volume":"26","author":"Koeppen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20833","article-title":"CAPN3 mutations in patients with idiopathic eosinophilic myositis","volume":"59","author":"Krahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.3.764","article-title":"Paraneoplastic necrotizing myopathy: clinical and pathological features","volume":"50","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh381","article-title":"Muscle involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Lindehammar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.4.420","article-title":"Myopathy with antibodies to the signal recognition particle: clinical and pathological features","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-3-2","article-title":"Endothelial cell activation and neovascularization are prominent in dermatomyositis","volume":"3","author":"Nagaraju","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Autoimmune Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880161216","article-title":"Focal myositis of the temporal muscle","volume":"16","author":"Naumann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2006.10.007","article-title":"Progressive myopathy with up-regulation of MHC-I associated with statin therapy","volume":"17","author":"Needham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/0300974051007913","article-title":"Macrophagic myofasciitis unrelated to vaccination","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400515","article-title":"Congenital muscular dystrophy with primary laminin alpha2 (merosin) deficiency presenting as inflammatory myopathy","volume":"40","author":"Pegoraro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20772","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in neuromuscular disease","volume":"36","author":"Renaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00457.x","article-title":"Specific matrix metalloproteinase expression in focal myositis: an immunopathological study","volume":"112","author":"Rodolico","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20088","article-title":"Monocyte\/macrophage differentiation in dermatomyositis and polymyositis","volume":"30","author":"Rostasy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2006.07.017","article-title":"Atypical presentation of macrophagic myofasciitis 10 years post vaccination","volume":"16","author":"Ryan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2007.01.004","article-title":"Paraneoplastic myopathy: response to intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"17","author":"Sampson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.1o104.x","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory myopathies: enhanced immunoreactivity near atrophic myofibers","volume":"105","author":"Schoser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib48","first-page":"270","article-title":"Macrophagic myofasciitis in adults and children","volume":"33","author":"Schulz-Schaeffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.07.020","article-title":"HLA typing in focal myositis","volume":"227","author":"Sekiguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200010)23:10<1569::AID-MUS14>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic features of focal myositis","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00045-4","article-title":"Expression of cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"59","author":"Tews","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199603000-00009","article-title":"Cytokine expression profile in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"55","author":"Tews","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02025.x","article-title":"Diagnostic immunohistochemistry in neuromuscular disorders","volume":"46","author":"Tews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.3.322","article-title":"Immunohistological analysis of sarcoid myopathy","volume":"59","author":"Tews","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib55","unstructured":"K. Traufeller, M. Deschauer, N. Siafarikas, et al., Paraneoplastische nekrotisierende Myopathie mit SRP-Antik\u00f6rpern. 18. Kongress des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Muskelkranke e.V., Freiburg, 28.2.\u20133.3.Wecom Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kommunikation mbH & Co. KG, 2007, 81 (abstract)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib56","first-page":"136","article-title":"Diagnostic value of MHC class I staining in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"75","author":"van der Pas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439401","article-title":"Hearing loss in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy","volume":"145","author":"Voit","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Pathology - Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0344033808000708?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0344033808000708?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T23:22:14Z","timestamp":1545952934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0344033808000708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0344033808000708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prp.2008.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0344-0338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0344-0338","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}