{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:39:13Z","timestamp":1790339953219,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology - Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T15:45:46Z","timestamp":1776959146000},"page":"156480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Targeting the tumor microenvironment for sensitization of colorectal cancer to chemotherapy and radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-15138-0","article-title":"Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2022 and projections to 2050: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310912","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality","volume":"66","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00600-4","article-title":"Colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger versus older adults: an analysis of population-based cancer registry data","volume":"26","author":"Sung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03948-2","article-title":"Global burden of colon and rectal cancer and attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.772101","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Overview From Pathophysiology to Pharmacological Prevention","volume":"12","author":"Lucaf\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2019.73.412-414","article-title":"Colorectal cancer surgical treatment, our experience","volume":"73","author":"Salibasic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13845","article-title":"Oral fluoropyrimidine versus intravenous 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of advanced gastric and colorectal cancer: Meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32163","article-title":"Targeted therapy for colorectal cancer metastases: A review of current methods of molecularly targeted therapy and the use of tumor biomarkers in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"125","author":"Piawah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9930","article-title":"Radiotherapy and locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"102","author":"Glynne-Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Br. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30555-6","article-title":"Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Bahadoer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00079-6","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX and preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (UNICANCER-PRODIGE 23): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Conroy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7476","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09837-8","article-title":"Total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis of oncological and operative outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112295","article-title":"Therapeutic targets and tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Gallo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2025.102307","article-title":"The colorectal cancer microenvironment: preclinical progress in identifying targets for cancer therapy","volume":"53","author":"Meyiah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.003","article-title":"Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up\u2606","volume":"34","author":"Cervantes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.06.005","article-title":"Ablative stereotactic radiotherapy for oligometastatic colorectal cancer: systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Kobiela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01889","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine versus upfront surgery for locally advanced colon cancer: the randomized, phase III OPTICAL trial","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30527-1","article-title":"Effect of duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer (IDEA collaboration): final results from a prospective, pooled analysis of six randomised, phase 3 trials","volume":"21","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70348-0","article-title":"Feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced, operable colon cancer: the pilot phase of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Collaborative","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.08.004","article-title":"Radiation therapy for rectal cancer: executive summary of an ASTRO clinical practice guideline","volume":"11","author":"Wo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01208","article-title":"Long-term results of organ preservation in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with total neoadjuvant therapy: the randomized phase II OPRA trial","volume":"42","author":"Verheij","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30862-9","volume":"21","author":"Cremolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.4428","article-title":"Panitumumab vs bevacizumab added to standard first-line chemotherapy and overall survival among patients With RAS wild-type, left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"329","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00197-8","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer (KEYNOTE-177): final analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"23","author":"Diaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib25","first-page":"40","article-title":"Short-course palliative radiation therapy leads to excellent bleeding control: A single centre retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Sapienza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2024.255","article-title":"Role of HIF-1\u03b1 in the responses of tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3967","article-title":"The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Guinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01100-4","article-title":"Single-cell and bulk transcriptome sequencing identifies two epithelial tumor cell states and refines the consensus molecular classification of colorectal cancer","volume":"54","author":"Joanito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0524","article-title":"Radiotherapy-Activated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression through Paracrine IGF1R Activation","volume":"78","author":"Tommelein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2024.01.013","article-title":"Fibroblasts in Orchestrating Colorectal Tumorigenesis and Progression","volume":"17","author":"Abudukelimu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00527","article-title":"Functional interplay between collagen network and cell behavior within tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.04.004","article-title":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Are Key Determinants of Cancer Cell Invasion in the Earliest Stage of Colorectal Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.01.004","article-title":"Inflammatory fibroblasts mediate resistance to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer","volume":"40","author":"Nicolas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3158","article-title":"NOX4 inhibition potentiates immunotherapy by overcoming cancer-associated fibroblast-mediated CD8 T-cell exclusion from tumors","volume":"80","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1019-x","article-title":"CAFs secreted exosomes promote metastasis and chemotherapy resistance by enhancing cell stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000001445","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived exosomes from chemoresistant patients regulate cisplatin resistance and angiogenesis by delivering VEGFA in colorectal cancer","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1507-2","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-93-5p from cancer-associated fibroblasts confer radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells by downregulating FOXA1 and upregulating TGFB3","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2020.03.03","article-title":"Interaction between linc01615 and miR-491-5p regulates the survival and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04675-7","article-title":"LINC01615 maintains cell survival in adaptation to nutrient starvation through the pentose phosphate pathway and modulates chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib40","article-title":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhance Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Paracrine IL-6: An In Vitro Study","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res. IJPR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.536","article-title":"Interaction with colon cancer cells hyperactivates TGF-\u03b2 signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"33","author":"Hawinkels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36334-1","article-title":"Long-term platinum-based drug accumulation in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes colorectal cancer progression and resistance to therapy","volume":"14","author":"Linares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-01953-7","article-title":"CAFs secrete CXCL12 to accelerate the progression and cisplatin resistance of colorectal cancer through promoting M2 polarization of macrophages","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.07.006","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts shape the myeloid phenotype in normal colon and colorectal cancer and induce CD163 and CCL2 expression in macrophages","volume":"520","author":"Stadler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-024-09941-9","article-title":"PDPN\/CCL2\/STAT3 feedback loop alter CAF heterogeneity to promote angiogenesis in colorectal cancer","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2973","article-title":"FAP Promotes Immunosuppression by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment via STAT3\u2013CCL2 Signaling","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39953-w","article-title":"IL1R1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts drive tumor development and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Koncina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0524","article-title":"Radiotherapy-Activated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression through Paracrine IGF1R Activation","volume":"78","author":"Tommelein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-160886","article-title":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhance Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Paracrine IL-6: An In Vitro Study","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24047","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4369","article-title":"Humanized anti-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) antibody suppresses innate irinotecan (CPT-11) resistance induced by fibroblast-derived HGF","volume":"6","author":"Woo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0207","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Models","volume":"2","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00446-6","article-title":"Galunisertib plus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"23","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13161334","article-title":"Cancer-Associated-Fibroblast-Mediated Paracrine and Autocrine SDF-1\/CXCR4 Signaling Promotes Stemness and Aggressiveness of Colorectal Cancers","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.95248","article-title":"5-Fluorouracil resistant CRC cells derived exosomes promote cancer-associated fibroblasts secreting more CXCL12","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-11-0915","article-title":"The CXCR2 antagonist, SCH-527123, shows antitumor activity and sensitizes cells to oxaliplatin in preclinical colon cancer models","volume":"11","author":"Ning","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-022-02922-8","article-title":"Oxaliplatin inhibits colorectal cancer progression by inhibiting CXCL11 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts and the CXCR3\/PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.21230","article-title":"Human colorectal cancer progression correlates with LOX-induced ECM stiffening","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27532","article-title":"Matrix stiffness mediates stemness characteristics via activating the Yes-associated protein in colorectal cancer cells","volume":"120","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02180-y","article-title":"THBS2\u2009+\u2009cancer-associated fibroblasts promote EMT leading to oxaliplatin resistance via COL8A1-mediated PI3K\/AKT activation in colorectal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702221139203","article-title":"LOXL2 reduces 5-FU sensitivity through the Hedgehog\/BCL2 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer","volume":"248","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0479","article-title":"A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Simtuzumab in Combination with FOLFIRI for the Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic KRAS Mutant Colorectal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Hecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.06.005","article-title":"EGFR and \u03b21-integrin targeting differentially affect colorectal carcinoma cell radiosensitivity and invasion","volume":"116","author":"Poschau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17213411","article-title":"Targeted Hyaluronan Degradation Enhanced Tumor Growth Inhibition in Gastrointestinal Cancer Models","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7375","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-1283","article-title":"The Immune-microenvironment Confers Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer through Macrophage-Derived IL6","volume":"23","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S297263","article-title":"Construction of the Prediction Model for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Based on Pretreatment Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophage-Associated Biomarkers","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15101","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophage-derived transforming growth factor-\u03b2 promotes colorectal cancer progression through HIF1-TRIB3 signaling","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1470729","article-title":"Recruitment of CCR2(+) tumor associated macrophage to sites of liver metastasis confers a poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Grossman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-022-00493-5","article-title":"Macrophage-targeted anti-CCL2 immunotherapy enhances tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in a Balb\/c-CT26 murine colon carcinoma model measured using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy","volume":"23","author":"Bess","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005610","article-title":"Silence of a dependence receptor CSF1R in colorectal cancer cells activates tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009602","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of hypoxic tumor-associated macrophages through CSF-1R targeting favors treatment efficiency in colorectal cancers","volume":"12","author":"Gharzeddine","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809342","article-title":"Radiation combined with macrophage depletion promotes adaptive immunity and potentiates checkpoint blockade","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S198126","article-title":"M2 macrophages confer resistance to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer through the activation of CCL22\/PI3K\/AKT signaling","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.08.004","article-title":"Macrophages induce resistance to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in colorectal cancer through the release of putrescine","volume":"381","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1658795","article-title":"Progress in targeting tumor-associated macrophages in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0436-7","article-title":"The FBW7-MCL-1 axis is key in M1 and M2 macrophage-related colon cancer cell progression: validating the immunotherapeutic value of targeting PI3K\u03b3","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23757","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c08811","article-title":"Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages with the Immune-Activating Nanomedicine for Achieving Strong Antitumor Activity with Rapid Clearance from the Body","volume":"18","author":"Ota","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.12.058","article-title":"Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages by a dually targeted milk exosome system as a potent monotherapy for cancer","volume":"366","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib78","article-title":"A Dually Nanobody-Engineered Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Nanomedicine Targeting Tumour-Associated Macrophages and Cancer Cells for Cancer Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Extra Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib79","article-title":"Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote the Stemness of Colorectal Cancer Cells through Exosomal S100A9","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1723-x","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits both NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and JNK-mediated mature IL-1\u03b2 secretion in 5-fluorouracil-treated MDSC: implication in cancer treatment","volume":"10","author":"Dumont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5586","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3962","article-title":"A RIPK3-PGE(2) Circuit Mediates Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Potentiated Colorectal Carcinogenesis","volume":"78","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40848-4","article-title":"Inhibition of PGE(2)\/EP4 receptor signaling enhances oxaliplatin efficacy in resistant colon cancer cells through modulation of oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01566-5","article-title":"Host STING-dependent MDSC mobilization drives extrinsic radiation resistance","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.10.020","article-title":"TLR 7\/8 agonist reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer via directing the myeloid-derived suppressor cells to tumoricidal M1-macrophages","volume":"469","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5774","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31100429","article-title":"Lymphopenia induced by different neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy schedules in patients with rectal cancer: bone marrow as an organ at risk","volume":"31","author":"Nanos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8261","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3014","article-title":"Peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor and T regulatory PD-1 positive cells predict response to neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Napolitano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0207","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 inhibition prior to hypofractionated radiation enhances efficacy in preclinical models","volume":"2","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1967-3","article-title":"Blockade of TGF-\u03b2 signaling to enhance the antitumor response is accompanied by dysregulation of the functional activity of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells","volume":"17","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1662216","article-title":"225)Actinium-armed antibody targeting CCR8(+) regulatory T cells synergizes with immunotherapy to promote tumor rejection in syngeneic colorectal cancer models","volume":"16","author":"Frank","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-007-0417-x","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in colorectal cancer patients suppress anti-tumor immune activity in a COX-2 dependent manner","volume":"57","author":"Yaqub","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23538","article-title":"Celecoxib plus chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a phase II TCOG study","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.23922\/jarc.2018-026","article-title":"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy using S-1 combined with celecoxib for advanced lower rectal cancer: phase I\/II study","volume":"3","author":"Ohira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anus Rectum Colon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.27769","article-title":"Dual immune checkpoint inhibition plus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Laengle","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2474","article-title":"Phase II single-arm study of durvalumab and tremelimumab with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with mismatch repair-proficient metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"27","author":"Segal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105508","volume":"10","author":"Seligmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02497-z","article-title":"First-line durvalumab and tremelimumab with chemotherapy in RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 1b\/2 trial","volume":"29","author":"Thibaudin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030636","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as biomarkers of treatment response and long-term survival in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Orhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib98","article-title":"CD8-positive lymphocyte infiltration as a marker of anti-tumor immune response in rectal cancer: pre- and post-neoadjuvant radiotherapy comparison","volume":"54","author":"Salarvand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3584-y","article-title":"CD8+ and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating T cells before and after chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Shinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2017699","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Advanced Colorectal Cancer","volume":"383","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01015","article-title":"First-line nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab for microsatellite instability-high\/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase II checkmate 142 study","volume":"40","author":"Lenz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008689","article-title":"Nivolumab plus relatlimab in patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high\/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase II CheckMate 142 study","volume":"12","author":"Overman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03250-w","article-title":"Neoadjuvant nivolumab and relatlimab in locally advanced MMR-deficient colon cancer: a phase 2 trial","volume":"30","author":"de Gooyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400634","article-title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer","volume":"390","author":"Chalabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02730-7","article-title":"Three-year outcomes of preoperative chemoradiotherapy plus nivolumab in microsatellite stable and microsatellite instability-high locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"131","author":"Tsukada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101824","article-title":"Phase II study of capecitabine-based concomitant chemoradiation followed by durvalumab as a neoadjuvant strategy in locally advanced rectal cancer: the PANDORA trial","volume":"8","author":"Grassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.1683","article-title":"Use of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Initial Results From the Pembrolizumab Arm of a Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"7","author":"Rahma","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01762-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of PD-1 blockade plus long-course chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (NECTAR): a multi-center phase 2 study","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib109","article-title":"Interim result of phase II, prospective, single-arm trial of long-course chemoradiotherapy combined with concurrent tislelizumab in locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30789-X","article-title":"International validation of the consensus Immunoscore for the classification of colon cancer: a prognostic and accuracy study","volume":"391","author":"Pag\u00e8s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09679-4","article-title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in mismatch-repair-proficient colon cancers","volume":"648","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02936-0","article-title":"HDACi combination therapy with IDO1i remodels the tumor microenvironment and boosts antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability","volume":"22","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03641-5","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer: a review of mechanisms and clinical utility","volume":"73","author":"De Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.356","article-title":"Immunogenic death of colon cancer cells treated with oxaliplatin","volume":"29","author":"Tesniere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00586","article-title":"FOLFOX Chemotherapy Ameliorates CD8 T Lymphocyte Exhaustion and Enhances Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2023.132053","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy augments oxaliplatin-induced immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.12.013","article-title":"Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 synergizes with oxaliplatin for efficient colorectal cancer therapy","volume":"20","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7051","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27459","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly I:C reinforces the potency of cytotoxic chemotherapy via the TLR3-UNC93B1-IFN-\u03b2 signaling axis in paclitaxel-resistant colon cancer","volume":"234","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz394.022","article-title":"LBA33Lefitolimod vs standard of care (SOC) for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) responding to first-line standard treatment: results from the randomized phase III IMPALA trial","volume":"30","author":"Cunningham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-24-17","article-title":"Lefitolimod in combination with ipilimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I trial","volume":"8","author":"Nardo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Precis Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02708-6","article-title":"Intratumoral delivery of TransCon\u2122 TLR7\/8 Agonist promotes sustained anti-tumor activity and local immune cell activation while minimizing systemic cytokine induction","volume":"22","author":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0872-2","article-title":"Lenalidomide normalizes tumor vessels in colorectal cancer improving chemotherapy activity","volume":"14","author":"Leuci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru063","article-title":"Neoadjuvant capecitabine, bevacizumab and radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of a single-institute Phase I study","volume":"55","author":"Miki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27890","volume":"119","author":"Landry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-90","article-title":"Phase II trial of preoperative radiochemotherapy with concurrent bevacizumab, capecitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Dellas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109795","article-title":"Radiosensitizing oxygenation changes in murine tumors treated with VEGF-ablation therapy are measurable using oxygen enhanced-MRI (OE-MRI)","volume":"187","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02171-4","article-title":"Blockade of CD73 potentiates radiotherapy antitumor immunity and abscopal effects via STING pathway","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03416-4","article-title":"Targeting CD73 increases therapeutic response to immunogenic chemotherapy by promoting dendritic cell maturation","volume":"72","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02796-3","article-title":"COLUMBIA-1: a randomised study of durvalumab plus oleclumab in combination with chemotherapy and bevacizumab in metastatic microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer","volume":"131","author":"Segal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.901559","article-title":"Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on biological behavior of colorectal cancer cells by regulating PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.171","article-title":"From tumour heterogeneity to advances in precision treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Punt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2020.03.03","article-title":"Interaction between linc01615 and miR-491-5p regulates the survival and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2024.102422","article-title":"Defining and modeling dynamic spatial heterogeneity within tumor microenvironments","volume":"90","author":"Bareham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4397","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07931-6","article-title":"The relationship between tumor budding, tumor microenvironment, and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"van Wyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2021.2475","article-title":"Associations between matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and collagen expression levels in the adjacent rectal tissue of colorectal carcinoma patients","volume":"16","author":"Dibdiakova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-019-0189-9","article-title":"Intestinal probiotics E. coli Nissle 1917 as a targeted vehicle for delivery of p53 and Tum-5 to solid tumors for cancer therapy","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.36922\/td.4631","article-title":"Molecular characterization of colorectal cancer: Insights from miRNA, mRNA, and protein analysis","volume":"4","author":"Ham-Karim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tumor Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.36922\/td.3659","article-title":"Exploring somatic mutations in POLE and POLD1: Their role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies","volume":"3","author":"Ham-Karim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tumor Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2056-4538.70071","article-title":"Implementing Immunoscore in colorectal cancer: lessons from cohort studies, limitations and barriers to adoption","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1796003","article-title":"The consensus Immunoscore in phase 3 clinical trial (N0147) and impact on patient management decisions","volume":"9","author":"Lanzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s42047-024-00163-3","article-title":"Predictive biomarkers in colorectal adenocarcinoma\u2013a Brazilian perspective on current and future practices","volume":"7","author":"Campos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79463-3","article-title":"Expression of individual members of the TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD signalling pathway in the progression and survival of patients with colorectal carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Ve\u010durkovsk\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib143","series-title":"Unlocking the Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Colorectal Cancer","author":"Das","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000534677","article-title":"Exploring the expression of adenosine pathway-related markers CD73 and CD39 in colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas characterized by multiplex immunofluorescence: a pilot study","volume":"91","author":"Lima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.006","article-title":"Molecular cartography uncovers evolutionary and microenvironmental dynamics in sporadic colorectal tumors","volume":"186","author":"Heiser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-00960-z","article-title":"Whole-exome tumor-agnostic ctDNA analysis enhances minimal residual disease detection and reveals relapse mechanisms in localized colon cancer","volume":"6","author":"Mart\u00edn-Arana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102907","article-title":"Multi-layer molecular profiling defines an immune-active colorectal cancer subtype with therapeutic relevance","author":"Zou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.607817","article-title":"Multi-omics data fusion for cancer molecular subtyping using sparse canonical correlation analysis","volume":"12","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."}],"container-title":["Pathology - Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0344033826001330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0344033826001330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T08:27:51Z","timestamp":1778747271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0344033826001330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":148,"alternative-id":["S0344033826001330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0344-0338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0344-0338","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting the tumor microenvironment for sensitization of colorectal cancer to chemotherapy and radiotherapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pathology - Research and Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prp.2026.156480","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"156480"}}