{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:13:17Z","timestamp":1771045997840,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","prrjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T20:00:12Z","timestamp":1497297612000},"page":"21-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Update on pathophysiology and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Justin C.","family":"Brockbank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1671","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Marcus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199603)21:3<176::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Evaluation of pulmonary function and polysomnography in obese children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Marcus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0015","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/asthma\/most_recent_data.htm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.44","article-title":"Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children","volume":"114","author":"O'Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.8.999","article-title":"Adenotonsillectomy improves neurocognitive function in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1672","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Marcus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(02)00243-5","article-title":"School performance, race, and other correlates of sleep-disordered breathing in children","volume":"4","author":"Chervin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44566","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44566","article-title":"Reduced regional grey matter volumes in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"7","author":"Philby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105118","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"165","author":"Amin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000124295","article-title":"Effect of adenoidectomy and\/or tonsillectomy on cardiac functions in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"70","author":"Ugur","year":"2008","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2101127","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway structure of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Arens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"638","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-54-638-117","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the growth of the nasopharynx and its contents in normal children","volume":"54","author":"Jeans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200707-111MG","article-title":"Pathophysiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Katz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9702042","article-title":"Comparison of static mechanical properties of the passive pharynx between normal children and children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"157","author":"Isono","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00109-7","article-title":"Pathophysiology of childhood obstructive sleep apnea: current concepts","volume":"119","author":"Marcus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00973342","article-title":"Radiologic evaluation of adenoids and tonsils in children with obstructive sleep apnea: plain films and fluoroscopy","volume":"13","author":"Fernbach","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(87)80006-X","article-title":"Radiological parameters of the bony nasopharynx and the adenotonsillar size compared with sleep apnea episodes in children","volume":"12","author":"Laurikainen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(85)80058-6","article-title":"The lateral neck radiograph in adenotonsillar hyperplasia","volume":"10","author":"Mahboubi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80447-0","article-title":"Morphometric facial changes and obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents","volume":"114","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.2.626","article-title":"Developmental changes in response to subatmospheric pressure loading of the upper airway","volume":"87","author":"Marcus","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (Bethesda, Md: 1985)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.6.1300","article-title":"Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea","volume":"143","author":"Gleadhill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000147565.74947.14","article-title":"Upper airway dynamic responses in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Marcus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.05.019","article-title":"Effect of oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea: role of loop gain","volume":"162","author":"Wellman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.5.2007013","article-title":"Chemical control stability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"163","author":"Younes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0125","first-page":"A5769","article-title":"The effect of supplemental oxygen on respiratory events and sleep architecture in infants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)","author":"Brockbank","year":"2013","journal-title":"ATS"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4944","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004944","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"95","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26589","article-title":"Plasma C-reactive protein in nonobese children with obstructive sleep apnea before and after adenotonsillectomy","volume":"2","author":"Kheirandish-Gozal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.10.017","article-title":"Drug induced sleep endoscopy in the decision-making process of children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.4274","article-title":"Lingual tonsillectomy for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.05.015","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of supraglottoplasty for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0155","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Camacho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0160","article-title":"Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children","volume":"10","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.1.2011031","article-title":"Randomized controlled study of an oral jaw-positioning appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children with malocclusion","volume":"165","author":"Villa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2288","article-title":"ANtiinflammatory therapy outcomes for mild osa in children","volume":"146","author":"Kheirandish-Gozal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0175","first-page":"1736","article-title":"Montelukast for children with obstructive sleep apnea: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Kheirandish-Gozal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.114474","article-title":"Efficacy of fluticasone nasal spray for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"138","author":"Brouillette","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.06.003","article-title":"Postnatal maturation of breathing stability and loop gain: the role of carotid chemoreceptor development","volume":"185","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526054217300593?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526054217300593?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T22:26:58Z","timestamp":1602282418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526054217300593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1526054217300593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-0542"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-0542","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Update on pathophysiology and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2017.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}