{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:07:25Z","timestamp":1777712845590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T20:24:51Z","timestamp":1582662291000},"page":"33-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tuberculosis treatment in children: The changing landscape"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben J.","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Simon","family":"Schaaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0005","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Global tuberculosis report 2019: Licence: CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO; 2019 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019; 17 Nov]. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329368\/9789241565714-eng.pdf?ua=1."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e898","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30289-9","article-title":"The global burden of tuberculosis mortality in children: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"5","author":"Dodd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0357","article-title":"The burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children","volume":"22","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4588","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4588.1009","article-title":"Streptomycin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Crofton","year":"1948","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0025","first-page":"221","volume":"25","author":"Fox","year":"1956","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4787.735","article-title":"The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with isoniazid","volume":"2","author":"Medical Research Council Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Trials Committee","year":"1952","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"7875","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0035","first-page":"237","article-title":"Controlled clinical trial of four short-course (6-month) regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: third report","volume":"304","author":"African East Councils British Medical Research","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4_pt_1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.4_Pt_1.700","article-title":"Controlled trial of 2, 4, and 6 months of pyrazinamide in 6-month, three-times-weekly regimens for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, including an assessment of a combined preparation of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide: Results at 30 months","volume":"143","author":"Hong Kong Chest Service\/British Medical Research Council","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"9441","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17141-9","article-title":"Two 8-month regimens of chemotherapy for treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: international multicentre randomised trial","volume":"364","author":"Jindani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0050","first-page":"392","article-title":"The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era","volume":"8","author":"Marais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050176","article-title":"Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens","volume":"5","author":"Burman","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0060","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Rapid advice: treatment of tuberculosis in children 2010 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019; 10 Aug]. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/44444\/9789241500449_eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1086\/424999","article-title":"The influence of human N-acetyltransferase genotype on the early bactericidal activity of isoniazid","volume":"39","author":"Donald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01532-13","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in low-birth-weight and premature infants","volume":"58","author":"Bekker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01474-06","article-title":"Early bactericidal activity of high-dose rifampin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis evidenced by positive sputum smears","volume":"51","author":"Diacon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1264OC","article-title":"A dose-ranging trial to optimize the dose of rifampin in the treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"191","author":"Boeree","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy026","article-title":"The potential for treatment shortening with higher rifampicin doses: relating drug exposure to treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"67","author":"Svensson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0090","unstructured":"Treatment Action Group. Tuberculosis treatment pipeline for children 2018 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019; 27 Oct]. Available from: http:\/\/www.pipelinereport.org\/2018\/tb-peds-treatment-pipeline."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V31N2p175","article-title":"Four-month chemotherapy in the treatment of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: results at 30 to 60\u202fmonths","volume":"31","author":"Teo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1315817","article-title":"A four-month gatifloxacin-containing regimen for treating tuberculosis","volume":"371","author":"Merle","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407426","article-title":"Four-month moxifloxacin-based regimens for drug-sensitive tuberculosis","volume":"371","author":"Gillespie","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1086\/502652","article-title":"The bacteriologic yield in children with intrathoracic tuberculosis","volume":"42","author":"Marais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0224-2","article-title":"A patient-level pooled analysis of treatment-shortening regimens for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"24","author":"Imperial","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2608-5","article-title":"Shorter treatment for minimal tuberculosis (TB) in children (SHINE): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Chabala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000065","article-title":"Short intensified treatment in children with drug-susceptible tuberculous meningitis","volume":"33","author":"van Toorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70852-7","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1470-x","article-title":"Naive-pooled pharmacokinetic analysis of pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Vietnamese children with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"16","author":"Pouplin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0140","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care, 2017 update 2017 [Access year|; Access Date 2019; 10 Oct] [Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/255052\/9789241550000-eng.pdf;jsessionid=D69BB599F995B4AFF0EF15CB2471B862?sequence=1."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70264-5","article-title":"Intensified regimen containing rifampicin and moxifloxacin for tuberculous meningitis: an open-label, randomised controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"13","author":"Ruslami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.016","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety\/tolerability of higher oral and intravenous doses of rifampicin in adult tuberculous meningitis patients","volume":"48","author":"Yunivita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00064-11","article-title":"Randomized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones for tuberculous meningitis","volume":"55","author":"Thwaites","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-9792(08)70038-6","article-title":"The early bactericidal activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs: a literature review","volume":"88","author":"Donald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1086\/521894","article-title":"Rifampicin reduces plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin in patients with tuberculosis","volume":"45","author":"Nijland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.765","article-title":"Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a 30-month follow-up","volume":"109","author":"Schaaf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.267-274.2002","article-title":"Evolution of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: clinical and molecular perspective","volume":"46","author":"Gillespie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.190105","article-title":"Limited scope of shorter drug regimen for MDR TB Caused by high resistance to fluoroquinolone","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002591","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Harausz","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0190","unstructured":"The Sentinel Project for Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a field guide: Boston, USA; 2019 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019; 10 April]. Fourth: [Available from: http:\/\/sentinel-project.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Updated_DRTB-Field-Guide-2019-V3.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit709","article-title":"Concordance of resistance profiles in households of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"58","author":"Parr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0200","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment 2019 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019 10 Oct] [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/2019\/consolidated-guidelines-drug-resistant-TB-treatment\/en\/."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313865","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and culture conversion with bedaquiline","volume":"371","author":"Diacon","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30235-2","article-title":"Effect of bedaquiline on mortality in South African patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Schnippel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30329-1","article-title":"Time to act on injectable-free regimens for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Seddon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.09.002","article-title":"Hearing loss in children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"66","author":"Seddon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.04.008","article-title":"Delamanid: From discovery to its use for pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0616","article-title":"Early bactericidal activity of delamanid (OPC-67683) in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"15","author":"Diacon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112433","article-title":"Delamanid for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"366","author":"Gler","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00125812","article-title":"Delamanid improves outcomes and reduces mortality in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"41","author":"Skripconoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0245","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. The use of delamanid in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children and adolescents: interim policy guidance 2016 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019; 10 Jan]. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/250614\/9789241549899-eng.pdf;jsessionid=79A71A0B84C9703812B4B15FD9B9B38F?sequence=1."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S457","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.11.26","article-title":"Recent evidence on delamanid use for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Pontali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00134712","article-title":"Resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs: impact on multidrug-resistant TB outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Falzon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203900","article-title":"High treatment success in children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: an observational cohort study","volume":"69","author":"Seddon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002789","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing, and safety of linezolid in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Combined data from two prospective observational studies","volume":"16","author":"Garcia-Prats","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0270","article-title":"Clofazimine for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","author":"Lange","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ027","article-title":"Clofazimine for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study in China","volume":"60","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0355","article-title":"Current status of pharmacokinetic and safety studies of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in children","volume":"22","author":"Garcia-Prats","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0285","unstructured":"DR-TB STAT. Phase III Clinical trials results at the 48th union world conference on lung health: implications for the field 2017 [Access Year|; Access Date; 2019; 10 Oct] [Available from: http:\/\/drtb-stat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Updated_November_12_2017_STAT_phaseIII_Union_summary-002.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0290","unstructured":"Garcia-Prats AJ, editor IMPAACT 2020: Shortened Oral Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Children (SMaRT Kids): A Phase III Randomized Multi-center Trial. IMPAACT Annual Meeting; 2018 June 18; Washington DC."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318253acf8","article-title":"Impact of drug resistance on clinical outcome in children with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"31","author":"Seddon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00319-12","article-title":"Influence of antituberculosis drug resistance and Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage on outcome in HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis","volume":"56","author":"Tho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1086\/381973","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"38","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-10","article-title":"Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid\/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections","volume":"23","author":"Nau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-018-02846-8","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a practical approach","volume":"86","author":"Schaaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02755-13","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin and levofloxacin for prevention and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children","volume":"58","author":"Thee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01865","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01865-18","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and dosing of novel pediatric levofloxacin dispersible tablets in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis exposure","volume":"63","author":"Garcia-Prats","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1421067","article-title":"Challenges of using new and repurposed drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children","volume":"11","author":"Schaaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02784-14","article-title":"Linezolid manifests a rapid and dramatic therapeutic effect for patients with life-threatening tuberculous meningitis","volume":"58","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001114","article-title":"Linezolid is associated with improved early outcomes of childhood tuberculous meningitis","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2013.10.003","article-title":"Linezolid for the drug treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a review and recommendations","volume":"94","author":"Garcia-Prats","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0350","unstructured":"Dooley KE, Miyahara S, von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, et al. Early bactericidal activity of high-dose isoniazid against multidrug-resistant TB. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Mar 4\u20137; Seattle, Washington; 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ921","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis","volume":"62","author":"Akkerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00913-19","article-title":"Delamanid central nervous system pharmacokinetics in tuberculous meningitis in rabbits and humans","volume":"63","author":"Tucker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00171","article-title":"Host-directed therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Kolloli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040573","article-title":"Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults","volume":"351","author":"Thwaites","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.12.023","article-title":"Host genotype-specific therapies can optimize the inflammatory response to mycobacterial infections","volume":"148","author":"Tobin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix050","article-title":"Leukotriene A4 hydrolase genotype and HIV infection influence intracerebral inflammation and survival from tuberculous meningitis","volume":"215","author":"Thuong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14007.1","article-title":"Adjunctive dexamethasone for the treatment of HIV-uninfected adults with tuberculous meningitis stratified by Leukotriene A4 hydrolase genotype (LAST ACT): Study protocol for a randomised double blind placebo controlled non-inferiority trial","volume":"3","author":"Donovan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811398132","article-title":"The role of aspirin in childhood tuberculous meningitis","volume":"26","author":"Schoeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.025","article-title":"Role of aspirin in tuberculous meningitis: a randomized open label placebo controlled trial","volume":"293","author":"Misra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33478","article-title":"A randomised double blind placebo controlled phase 2 trial of adjunctive aspirin for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-uninfected adults","volume":"7","author":"Mai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1086\/515327","article-title":"A combination of thalidomide plus antibiotics protects rabbits from mycobacterial meningitis-associated death","volume":"1","author":"Tsenova","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500801","article-title":"Adjunctive thalidomide therapy of childhood tuberculous meningitis: possible anti-inflammatory role","volume":"15","author":"Schoeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380401900402","article-title":"Adjunctive thalidomide therapy for childhood tuberculous meningitis: results of a randomized study","volume":"19","author":"Schoeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000539","article-title":"Clinicoradiologic response of neurologic tuberculous mass lesions in children treated with thalidomide","volume":"34","author":"van Toorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.00716","article-title":"Infliximab therapy in two cases of severe neurotuberculosis paradoxical reaction","volume":"202","author":"Molton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med J of Austr"}],"container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152605422030021X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152605422030021X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:34:12Z","timestamp":1761507252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152605422030021X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S152605422030021X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-0542"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-0542","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tuberculosis treatment in children: The changing landscape","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}