{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:36:37Z","timestamp":1761514597569,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T12:00:23Z","timestamp":1592308823000},"page":"8-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rational use of mucoactive medications to treat pediatric airway disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"R.S.N.","family":"Linssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.A.","family":"Bem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.K.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0412","article-title":"Mucins, mucus, and sputum","volume":"135","author":"Voynow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.11.008","article-title":"Mucins, mucus, and goblet cells","volume":"154","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.4187\/002013209790983269","article-title":"Mucus, phlegm, and sputum in cystic fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Rubin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"year":"2004","series-title":"Taxonomy of mucoactive medications","author":"Bk","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02640","article-title":"Guaifenesin has no effect on sputum volume or sputum properties in adolescents and adults with acute respiratory tract infections","volume":"59","author":"Hoffer-Schaefer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0030","first-page":"Cd008649","article-title":"Inhaled mannitol for cystic fibrosis","author":"Nevitt","year":"202055","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0035","first-page":"Cd001506","article-title":"Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Wark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0040","first-page":"1901","article-title":"Effect of bronchodilation on the deposition and clearance of radioaerosol in bronchial asthma in remission","volume":"28","author":"Isawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Nuclear Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550170056032","article-title":"Effects of aerosolized surfactant in patients with stable chronic bronchitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"278","author":"Anzueto","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L75","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00093.2005","article-title":"Macrolide antibiotics modulate ERK phosphorylation and IL-8 and GM-CSF production by human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"290","author":"Shinkai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.11.008","article-title":"Tiotropium inhibits mucin production stimulated by neutrophil elastase but not by IL-13","volume":"48","author":"Komiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413456","article-title":"Viral bronchiolitis in children","volume":"374","author":"Meissner","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10065","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30951-5","article-title":"Viral bronchiolitis","volume":"389","author":"Florin","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4462","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its propensity for causing bronchiolitis","volume":"235","author":"Pickles","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L148","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00065.2011","article-title":"Animal models of human respiratory syncytial virus disease","volume":"301","author":"Bem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201606-448FR","article-title":"The clinical significance of collateral ventilation","volume":"13","author":"Terry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0303","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age","volume":"132","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804877","article-title":"The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children","volume":"360","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujiogi M, Goto T, Yasunaga H, Fujishiro J, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA, Jr., et al. Trends in Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations in the United States: 2000-2016. Pediatrics. 2019;144(6).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2614"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.1.203","article-title":"Efficacy of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I in the hospital management of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"120","author":"Nasr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.23.9188","article-title":"Recombinant human DNase I reduces the viscosity of cystic fibrosis sputum","volume":"87","author":"Shak","year":"1990","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409083311003","article-title":"Effect of aerosolized recombinant human DNase on exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis. The Pulmozyme Study Group","volume":"331","author":"Fuchs","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2282","article-title":"Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"131","author":"Boogaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0120","first-page":"CD008395","article-title":"Nebulised deoxyribonuclease for viral bronchiolitis in children younger than 24 months","volume":"11","author":"Enriquez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.18040734","article-title":"DNase treatment for atelectasis in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","volume":"18","author":"Merkus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800725","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.031","article-title":"LAIR-1 limits neutrophil extracellular trap formation in viral bronchiolitis","volume":"141","author":"Geerdink","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0140","unstructured":"Cortjens B, Ingelse SA, Calis JC, Vlaar AP, Koenderman L, Bem RA, et al. Neutrophil subset responses in infants with severe viral respiratory infection. (1521-7035 (Electronic))."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0145","unstructured":"Cortjens B, de Boer OJ, de Jong R, Antonis AF, Sabogal Pineros YS, Lutter R, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps cause airway obstruction during respiratory syncytial virus disease. (1096-9896 (Electronic))."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0150","unstructured":"Cortjens B, de Jong R, Bonsing JG, van Woensel JBM, Antonis AFG, Bem RA. Local dornase alfa treatment reduces NETs-induced airway obstruction during severe RSV infection. (1468-3296 (Electronic))."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1474","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis","volume":"134","author":"Ralston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"116","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00003510","article-title":"Mucoactive drugs","volume":"19","author":"Balsamo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0165","unstructured":"Banerjee S, McCormack S. Acetylcysteine for Patients Requiring Mucous Secretion Clearance: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Safety. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Copyright (c) 2019 Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health.; 2019."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0170","first-page":"408","article-title":"Effectiveness of nebulized N-acetylcysteine solution in children with acute bronchiolitis","volume":"24","author":"Naz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J College Phys Surg-Pakistan: JCPSP"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1468564","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulphide breaking agent: the reasons why","volume":"52","author":"Aldini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04087","article-title":"Aerosol medications for treatment of mucus clearance disorders","volume":"60","author":"Rubin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.05.014","article-title":"N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibit mucin synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators in alveolar type II epithelial cells infected with influenza virus A and B and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)","volume":"82","author":"Mata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21185","article-title":"Hypertonic saline or high volume normal saline for viral bronchiolitis: mechanisms and rationale","volume":"45","author":"Mandelberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0195","first-page":"CD006458","article-title":"Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1144","article-title":"Hypertonic saline in bronchiolitis and type I Error: A trial sequential analysis","volume":"142","author":"Harrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1804-0","article-title":"Nebulized hypertonic saline 3% for 1 versus 3 days in hospitalized bronchiolitis: a blinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Beal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23945","article-title":"Nebulized hypertonic saline in infants hospitalized with moderately severe bronchiolitis due to RSV infection: A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Morikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317160","article-title":"Nebulised hypertonic saline in moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"105","author":"Jaquet-Pilloud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201812666150904144607","article-title":"Novel thioester prodrug of N-acetylcysteine for odor masking and bioavailability enhancement","volume":"13","author":"Bhilare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14371","article-title":"Nebulised hypertonic saline in children with bronchiolitis admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective study","volume":"55","author":"Stobbelaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0230","first-page":"CD001266","article-title":"Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis","volume":"6","author":"Gadomski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31818c82b4","article-title":"A prospective randomized controlled blinded study of three bronchodilators in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis on mechanical ventilation","volume":"9","author":"Levin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Critic Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0306","article-title":"Reducing albuterol use in children with bronchiolitis","volume":"145","author":"Dunn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950130107","article-title":"Phospholipid composition and surface-active properties of tracheobronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases","volume":"13","author":"Girod","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00186.x","article-title":"Abnormal surfactant composition and activity in severe bronchiolitis","volume":"88","author":"Skelton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199606000-00029","article-title":"Surfactant content in children with inflammatory lung disease","volume":"24","author":"LeVine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0260","first-page":"CD009194","article-title":"Surfactant therapy for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants","volume":"8","author":"Jat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000128891.54799.67","article-title":"Efficacy of interventions for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Davison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0270","unstructured":"Rubin BK IM. Plastic Bronchitis. 2nd ed., 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001337","article-title":"Bronchial casts in children: a proposed classification based on nine cases and a review of the literature","volume":"155","author":"Seear","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2005.09.001","article-title":"Plastic bronchitis: new insights and a classification scheme","volume":"6","author":"Madsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.608","article-title":"Plastic bronchitis and the role of bronchoscopy in the acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease","volume":"120","author":"Moser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e446","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2883","article-title":"Management of plastic bronchitis with topical tissue-type plasminogen activator","volume":"130","author":"Gibb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.58.071905.105316","article-title":"Airway surface dehydration in cystic fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"58","author":"Boucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910061","article-title":"Airway mucus function and dysfunction","volume":"363","author":"Fahy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0305","first-page":"S177","article-title":"Unplugging mucus in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"13","author":"Mall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.5.8630593","article-title":"Effect of hypertonic saline, amiloride, and cough on mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"153","author":"Robinson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043891","article-title":"Mucus clearance and lung function in cystic fibrosis with hypertonic saline","volume":"354","author":"Donaldson","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043900","article-title":"A controlled trial of long-term inhaled hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"354","author":"Elkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30187-0","article-title":"Inhaled hypertonic saline in preschool children with cystic fibrosis (SHIP): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Ratjen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2294","article-title":"Inhaled mannitol improves lung function in cystic fibrosis","volume":"133","author":"Jaques","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201109-1666OC","article-title":"Long-term inhaled dry powder mannitol in cystic fibrosis: an international randomized study","volume":"185","author":"Aitken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2017","article-title":"Inhaled mannitol improves the hydration and surface properties of sputum in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"137","author":"Daviskas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.12.021","article-title":"The long term effect of inhaled hypertonic saline 6% in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"106","author":"Nicolson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1763","article-title":"Phase 3 randomized study of the efficacy and safety of inhaled dry powder mannitol for the symptomatic treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"144","author":"Bilton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.12.061","article-title":"Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family: Phylogeny, structure-function, tissue distribution, and associated inherited diseases","volume":"579","author":"Hanukoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/18744672112059990025","article-title":"ENaC inhibitors and airway re-hydration in cystic fibrosis: state of the art","volume":"6","author":"Althaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.005","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis sputum rheology correlates with both acute and longitudinal changes in lung function","volume":"154","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2007.02.009","article-title":"Mucolytics in cystic fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Henke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480140073036","article-title":"Recombinant human DNase inhalation in normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis. A phase 1 study","volume":"267","author":"Aitken","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1329","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic bronchiectasis with aerosolized recombinant human DNase I. rhDNase Study Group","volume":"113","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0385","unstructured":"YCM Duijvestijn PLP Brand Systematic review of N-acetylcysteine in cystic fibrosis 88 1 1999 38 41 10.1111\/apa.1999.88.issue-1 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01265.x http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1111\/apa.1999.88.issue-1 http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01265.x."},{"issue":"Suppl 23","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950322336","article-title":"Histopathology of fatal asthma: drowning in mucus","author":"Rubin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.01.011","article-title":"Airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma: an undervalued pathology?","volume":"4","author":"Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00241-9","article-title":"Characterization of airway plugging in fatal asthma","volume":"115","author":"Kuyper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0037OC","article-title":"Salmeterol restores secretory functions in cystic fibrosis airway submucosal gland serous cells","volume":"40","author":"Delavoie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.1.258","article-title":"Alternative mechanisms for long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonists in COPD","volume":"120","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C327","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1984.247.5.C327","article-title":"Localization of cAMP in dog and cat trachea: effects of beta-adrenergic agonists","volume":"247","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00040709","article-title":"Inhibition of neutrophil elastase-induced goblet cell metaplasia by tiotropium in mice","volume":"35","author":"Arai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90123-J","article-title":"Intranasal anticholinergic therapy of rhinorrhea","volume":"90","author":"Meltzer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-005-0044-6","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to mucus hypersecretion","volume":"5","author":"Yuta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0435","first-page":"295","article-title":"Peripheral airways mucus clearance in stable asthma is improved by oral corticosteroid therapy","volume":"20","author":"Agnew","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respirat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00078-09","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and clinical application of macrolides as immunomodulatory medications","volume":"23","author":"Kanoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0445","first-page":"CD002997","article-title":"Macrolides for chronic asthma","volume":"9","author":"Kew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.081703","article-title":"Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease for the treatment of acute asthma in children","volume":"63","author":"Boogaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.04.002","article-title":"The use of rhDNAse in severely ill, non-intubated adult asthmatics refractory to bronchodilators: a pilot study","volume":"106","author":"Silverman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0460","article-title":"Mucolytics for intubated asthmatic children: a national survey of United kingdom paediatric intensive care consultants","volume":"2015","author":"Snoek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013479","article-title":"Intratracheal recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in acute life-threatening asthma refractory to conventional treatment","volume":"84","author":"Patel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200002000-00045","article-title":"Resolution of mucus plugging and atelectasis after intratracheal rhDNase therapy in a mechanically ventilated child with refractory status asthmaticus","volume":"28","author":"Durward","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13047","article-title":"Mucoactive agents for chronic, non-cystic fibrosis lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Tarrant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.05.019","article-title":"Beneficial effect of inhaled mannitol and cough in asthmatics with mucociliary dysfunction","volume":"104","author":"Daviskas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09040725","article-title":"Inhalation of hypertonic saline aerosol enhances mucociliary clearance in asthmatic and healthy subjects","volume":"9","author":"Daviskas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03852.x","article-title":"IL-13-induced MUC5AC production and goblet cell differentiation is steroid resistant in human airway cells","volume":"41","author":"Kanoh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2609","article-title":"Secretory hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary mucus hypersecretion","volume":"146","author":"Rubin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000088713","article-title":"Bronchoscopic surfactant administration in pediatric patients with persistent lobar atelectasis","volume":"75","author":"Krause","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R351","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3544","article-title":"DNase and atelectasis in non-cystic fibrosis pediatric patients","volume":"9","author":"Hendriks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Critical Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2018615","article-title":"Long-term effects of saline instilled during endotracheal suction in pediatric intensive care: a randomized trial","volume":"27","author":"McKinley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04418","article-title":"Prophylactic use of nebulized hypertonic saline in mechanically ventilated children: a randomized blinded pilot study","volume":"61","author":"Shein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20298","article-title":"Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease shortens ventilation time in young, mechanically ventilated children","volume":"41","author":"Riethmueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"}],"container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526054220300920?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526054220300920?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:34:33Z","timestamp":1761507273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526054220300920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S1526054220300920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-0542"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1526-0542"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rational use of mucoactive medications to treat pediatric airway disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}