{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:28:40Z","timestamp":1790706520010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:05:38Z","timestamp":1729123538000},"page":"3-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Outcomes of paediatric community acquired pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Haggie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0754-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.M.","family":"Balfour-Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L246","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00296.2007","article-title":"Evidence and structural mechanism for late lung alveolarization","volume":"294","author":"Schittny","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00108.2007","article-title":"Gene expression profiling in lung fibroblasts reveals new players in alveolarization","volume":"32","author":"Boucherat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"Supplement 5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S438","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201602-112AW","article-title":"Lung development and aging","volume":"13","author":"Bush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30100-0","article-title":"Childhood predictors of lung function trajectories and future COPD risk: a prospective cohort study from the first to the sixth decade of life","volume":"6","author":"Bui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30529-0","article-title":"Lung function trajectories in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Agusti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3060","article-title":"Pneumonia in childhood and impaired lung function in adults: a longitudinal study","volume":"135","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9811035","article-title":"Association of radiologically ascertained pneumonia before age 3 yr with asthmalike symptoms and pulmonary function during childhood: a prospective study","volume":"159","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00030-5","article-title":"The effect of early childhood respiratory infections and pneumonia on lifelong lung function: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Collaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908380","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination during pregnancy and effects in infants","volume":"383","author":"Madhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10383","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00131-9","article-title":"Early childhood lower respiratory tract infection and premature adult death from respiratory disease in Great Britain: a national birth cohort study","volume":"401","author":"Allinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"207\u201315","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0055","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Antibiotic choice and clinical outcomes in ambulatory children with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"229","author":"Lipsett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir531","article-title":"The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"53","author":"Bradley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200598","article-title":"British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011","volume":"66","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0070","first-page":"59","article-title":"Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on the management of community acquired pneumonia in children","volume":"42","author":"Chee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.5547","article-title":"Short-vs standard-course outpatient antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in children: the SCOUT-CAP randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa055","article-title":"The association of antibiotic duration with successful treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children","volume":"10","author":"Same","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.074906","article-title":"Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial","volume":"62","author":"Atkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0090","article-title":"Oral versus IV antibiotics for CAP in children: a cost minimisation analysis","author":"Lorgelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10150","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31554-X","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in children: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"392","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13509","article-title":"Pathophysiology, causes and genetics of paediatric and adult bronchiectasis","volume":"24","author":"Bush","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25553","article-title":"Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents: follow-up over a decade","volume":"56","author":"Ullmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.8118630","article-title":"Radiographic resolution of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"149","author":"Mittl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000142508.33623.2f","article-title":"Hospital-based case-control study of bronchiectasis in indigenous children in Central Australia","volume":"23","author":"Valery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0120","first-page":"325","article-title":"Lung disease in indigenous children","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20472","article-title":"Adenovirus pneumonia in infants and factors for developing bronchiolitis obliterans: a 5-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361850","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1361850","article-title":"Risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans complicating adenovirus pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0135","first-page":"69","article-title":"Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children","volume":"42","author":"Flanagan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121538","article-title":"Pulmonary function in post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00001-7","article-title":"Pulmonary graft-versus-host disease and chronic lung allograft dysfunction: two sides of the same coin?","volume":"10","author":"Bos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322665","article-title":"Paediatric pneumonia: deriving a model to identify severe disease","volume":"107","author":"Haggie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161019","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1019","article-title":"Predicting severe pneumonia outcomes in children","volume":"138","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forster J, Piazza G, Goettler D, Tanzberger E-L, Kenntner S, Schoen C, et al. Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in 1402 children with parapneumonic effusion\/pleural empyema in Germany: a long-term surveillance study. Pediatric Infect Dis J. 2024:10.1097.","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004359"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002474","article-title":"Increasing rates of pediatric empyema and disease severity with predominance of serotype 3 S. pneumonia: an Australian single-center retrospective cohort 2011 to 2018","volume":"38","author":"Haggie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25564","article-title":"Surveillance of pediatric parapneumonic effusion\/empyema in New Zealand","volume":"56","author":"Rix-Trott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.621943","article-title":"Population-based cohort of children with parapneumonic effusion and empyema managed with low rates of pleural drainage","volume":"9","author":"Moral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.07.022","article-title":"\u2018Less may be best\u2019\u2014Pediatric parapneumonic effusion and empyema management: Lessons from a UK center","volume":"51","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21396","article-title":"Increased incidence of bronchopulmonary fistulas complicating pediatric pneumonia","volume":"46","author":"McKee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-001800","article-title":"Variation in management and outcomes of children with complicated pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Gross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hospital Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2581-5","article-title":"Outcomes in children with refractory pneumonia supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"38","author":"Smalley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.27","article-title":"Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation in paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: overrated or underutilized?","volume":"7","author":"Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6661","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206661","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for septic shock in adults and children: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Broman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1725188","article-title":"Lung resection in children with necrotizing pneumonia: outcome and follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Frybova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-017-0862-1","article-title":"Lung necrosectomy in pediatric patients with necrotizing pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"Bola\u00f1os-Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.06.002","article-title":"Surgical management of complicated necrotizing pneumonia in children","volume":"58","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202401-034RL","article-title":"Endobronchial valves for persistent air leak in children with necrotizing pneumonia","author":"Hysinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2021.151065","article-title":"Pediatric advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy","volume":"30","author":"Piccione","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0235","article-title":"Endobronchial valve placement for persistent air leak due to polymicrobial infection following synovial tumor resection. A28 INTERVENTIONAL PULMONOLOGY IN THE PEDIATRIC AGE","author":"Corcoran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am Thoracic Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0331","article-title":"Readmissions among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia","volume":"134","author":"Neuman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03257171","article-title":"Persistent abnormal lung function after childhood empyema","volume":"1","author":"Kohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/prcm.prcm_15_20","article-title":"A follow-up study for pulmonary function evaluation in children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion","volume":"4","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Respirol Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03257171","article-title":"Persistent abnormal lung function after childhood empyema","volume":"1","author":"Kohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respiratory Med : Drugs, Devices, Intervent"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23054","article-title":"Long-term outcome of parapneumonic effusions in children: lung function and exercise tolerance","volume":"50","author":"Kontouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30141-3","article-title":"Childhood origins of COPD","volume":"6","author":"von Mutius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22966","article-title":"Long-term recovery after parapneumonic empyema in children","volume":"49","author":"Honkinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.05.027","article-title":"3 Tesla MRI in diagnosis and follow up of children with pneumonia","volume":"79","author":"Yucel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"}],"container-title":["Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526054224000800?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526054224000800?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:05:45Z","timestamp":1747818345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526054224000800"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1526054224000800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-0542"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-0542","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Outcomes of paediatric community acquired pneumonia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2024.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}