{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T15:44:51Z","timestamp":1706197491007},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T14:29:29Z","timestamp":1168439369000},"page":"837-869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evidence-Based Pharmacological Treatment of Geriatric Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib1","series-title":"mood disorders across the life span","first-page":"399","article-title":"Mania in old age","author":"Dunn","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(88)90035-3","article-title":"Prevalence of bipolar disorder in a psychogeriatric population","volume":"14","author":"Yassa","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.48.11.1461","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and health resource use of men and women veterans with serious mental illness","volume":"48","author":"Sajatovic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psych Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.8.2.160","article-title":"Mental health service use by elderly patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression","volume":"8","author":"Bartels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ger Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib5","series-title":"Phenomenology of late life depression in affective disorders","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","author":"Young","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.127.3.345","article-title":"Effectiveness of lithium carbonate in the treatment of manic-depressive illness","volume":"123","author":"van der Velde","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.8.941","article-title":"Age, dementia, dyskinesias, and lithium response","volume":"137","author":"Himmelhoch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib8","first-page":"341","article-title":"Mania compared with unipolar depression in old age","volume":"149","author":"Shulman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb03597.x","article-title":"Mania in the elderly: a five-to-seven year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Dhingra","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Ger Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.1.130","article-title":"First-episode mania in late life","volume":"151","author":"Tohen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200407000-00002","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder in old age","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ger Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192604","article-title":"Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community","volume":"319","author":"Tinetti","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01349-5","article-title":"Biological risk factors in late life depression","volume":"52","author":"Krishnan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20000701-08","article-title":"Bipolar disorder in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Umapathy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7396.960","article-title":"Changing prescription patterns for lithium and divalproex in old age: shifting without evidence","volume":"326","author":"Shulman","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib16","first-page":"79","article-title":"Lithium side effects in elderly bipolar outpatients","volume":"9","author":"Chacko","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib17","first-page":"94","article-title":"Adverse effects of lithium therapy in the acutely ill elderly patient","volume":"43","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.2.220","article-title":"Mania in the elderly","volume":"155","author":"Stone","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib19","first-page":"58","article-title":"Use of lithium in acutely manic elderly patients","volume":"3","author":"Schaffer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.13.4.299","article-title":"New thyroxine treatment in older adults beginning lithium therapy: implications for clinical practice","volume":"13","author":"Shulman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700050066","article-title":"The influence of age on lithium efficacy and side-effects in out-patients","volume":"13","author":"Murray","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00694.x","article-title":"Age as a factor affecting lithium therapy","volume":"4","author":"Hewick","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br K Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200504000-00006","article-title":"Maintenance treatment outcomes in older patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"13","author":"Sajatovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770150113013","article-title":"The effect of lithium carbonate on the cognitive functions of normal subjects","volume":"34","author":"Judd","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770150104012","article-title":"The effect of lithium carbonate on the affect, mood, and personality of normal subjects","volume":"34","author":"Judd","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879100400108","article-title":"Delayed recovery from lithium neurotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Nambudiri","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Ger Psychiat Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.6.804","article-title":"Cardiac sinus mode dysfunction during lithium treatment","volume":"136","author":"Roose","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.6.843","article-title":"Lithium treatment in older patients","volume":"136","author":"Roose","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199803)13:3<164::AID-GPS749>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Lithium in the over-65s: who is taking it and who is monitoring it? A survey of older adults on lithium in the Cambridge Mental Health Services catchment area","volume":"13","author":"Head","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0403","article-title":"Incidence of delirium in older adults newly prescribed lithium or valproate: a population-based study","volume":"66","author":"Shulman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib31","first-page":"201","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of lithium therapy","volume":"4","author":"Hardy","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.20.1.355","article-title":"Genetics of manic depressive illness","volume":"20","author":"MacKinnon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib33","series-title":"Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology","first-page":"353","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of mania","author":"Satlin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib34","series-title":"Drug interactions in psychiatry","first-page":"175","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib35","first-page":"107","article-title":"Severe neurotoxicity despite therapeutic serum lithium levels","volume":"38","author":"Strayhorn","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dis Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1240","article-title":"Brain-to-serum lithium ratio and age: an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"159","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930050103","article-title":"The potential use of adjunctive intra-erythrocyte (RBC) lithium levels in detecting serious impending neurotoxicity in the elderly: two case reports","volume":"5","author":"Foster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Ger Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib38","first-page":"479","article-title":"Valproate use in the older manic patient","volume":"51","author":"McFarland","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib39","series-title":"Impact of valproate and phenytoin on cognitive function in elderly patients: results of a single-blind randomized comparative study. Epilepsia","author":"Craig","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400130184025","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"152","author":"Kasarskis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib41","first-page":"472","article-title":"Carbamazepine for treatment-resistant melancholia","volume":"52:11","author":"Cullen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib42","first-page":"104","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in young and elderly subjects","volume":"16","author":"Bryson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1985.116","article-title":"Valproic acid clearance: unbound fraction and dirunal variations in young and elderly adults","volume":"37","author":"Bauer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib44","series-title":"Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology","first-page":"553","article-title":"Drug interactions wtih psychotropic medications","author":"Patel","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib45","series-title":"Geriatric psychopharmacology","first-page":"43","article-title":"Drug interactions","author":"Pollock","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib46","unstructured":"Beyer J, Siegal A, Kennedy J, et al. Olanzapine, divalproex and placebo treatment non-head-to-head comparisons of older adult acute mania. International Psychogeriatric Association; Nice, France. September 9\u201314, 2001. p. 203."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199924710-00010","article-title":"Conventional vs. newer antipsychotics in elderly patients","volume":"7","author":"Jeste","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib48","series-title":"Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology","first-page":"129","article-title":"Treatment of late-life disordered behavior, agitation, and psychosis","author":"Jeste","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.929","article-title":"Comparative effects of risperidone and olanzapine on cognition in elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1206","article-title":"Dupont Dea. Tardive dyskinesia in elderly psychiatric patients: a 5 year study","volume":"149","author":"Yassa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199102000-00005","article-title":"The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"11","author":"Woerner","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib52","series-title":"Schizophrenia and aging","first-page":"275","article-title":"Aging and tardive dyskinesia","author":"Jeste","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200017050-00004","article-title":"Antipsychotic induced movement disorders in the elderly: epidemiology and treatment recommendations","volume":"17","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1774","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs: prolonged QTc interval, torsade de pointes, and sudden death","volume":"158","author":"Glassman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02035-3","article-title":"QT-interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients","volume":"355","author":"Reilly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2249","article-title":"The potential for t prolongation and proarrhythmia by non-antiarrhythmic drugs: clinical and regulatory implications","volume":"21","author":"Haverkamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib57","first-page":"39","article-title":"Putting metabolic side effects into perspective:risks versus benefits of atypical antipsychotics","volume":"62","author":"Meltzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1102","article-title":"Metabolic effects of treatment with atypical antipsychotics","volume":"65","author":"Kane","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0509","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of weight, lipid, and glucose changes between risperidone and olanzapine treated inpatients: metabolic outcomes after one year","volume":"63","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0205","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis of dementia","volume":"64","author":"Brodaty","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199902000-00017","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of risperidone using a new, rapid HPLC method: reappraisal of interindividual variability factors","volume":"21","author":"Balant-Gorgia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.11.1471","article-title":"Influence of patient-related variables on clozapine plasma levels","volume":"147","author":"Haring","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib63","unstructured":"Rickels K, Schweizer E, Lucki I. Benzodiazepine side effects. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Vol. 6, 1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib64","first-page":"139","article-title":"The acute and chronic performance effects of alprazolam and lorazepam in the elderly: relationship to duration of treatment and self-rated sedation","volume":"34","author":"Pomara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1978234371","article-title":"Relationship between diazepam dose, plasma level, age, and central nervous system depression","volume":"23","author":"Reidenberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03908.x","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors predict functional decline among older women: a prospectively validated clinical prediction tool. The stufy of osteoporotic fractures research group","volume":"48","author":"Sarkisian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200004000-00017","article-title":"Oxidative and nonoxidative benzodiazepines and the risk of femur fracture. The Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use Via Epidemiology Study Group","volume":"20","author":"Sgadari","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib68","series-title":"Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology","first-page":"70","article-title":"Kinetics and dynamics of psychotropic drugs in the elderly","author":"von Moltke","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90222-2","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of MAOIs versus TCAs in treating depression in the elderly","volume":"21","author":"Georgotas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(01)80042-4","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium in the treatment of signs and symptoms of mania in elderly patients with dementia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Tariot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809202601114","article-title":"Nonneuroleptic treatment of disruptive behavior in organic mental syndromes","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib72","series-title":"Comprehensive review of geriatric psychiatry","article-title":"Psychopharmacology","author":"Meyers","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198606000-00011","article-title":"Lithium neuroleptic neurotoxicity in the elderly bipolar patient","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.198","article-title":"Seurm anticholinergic activity in a community sample of older adults","volume":"60","author":"Mulsant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib75","series-title":"Manic depressive illness","author":"Goodwin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1949.tb36912.x","article-title":"Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement","volume":"36","author":"Cade","year":"1949","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib77","first-page":"77","article-title":"Age at onset in geriatric bipolar disorder","volume":"7","author":"Wylie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.13.4.319","article-title":"A pilot study of standardized treatment in geriatric bipolar disorder","volume":"13","author":"Gildengers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.127.3.351","article-title":"A comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in mania","volume":"127","author":"Platman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.120.557.409","article-title":"Relationship between serum lithium level and clinical response in acute mania treated with lithium","volume":"120","author":"Prien","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib81","first-page":"669","article-title":"Mania: response to lithium across the age spectrum","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"1992","journal-title":"Abstr Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib82","first-page":"65","article-title":"Current psychotropic dosing and monitoring guidelines","author":"DeBattista","year":"1999","journal-title":"Primary Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810250064008","article-title":"Valproate in the treatment of acute mania: a placebo controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Pope","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800507","article-title":"New onset rapid cycling bipolar disorder in an 87 year old woman","volume":"38","author":"Gnam","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib85","first-page":"215","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of divalproex sodium in elderly bipolar patients","volume":"55","author":"Risinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199906)14:6<494::AID-GPS964>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Divalproex for the treatment of geriatric bipolar disorder","volume":"14","author":"Mordecai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879400700110","article-title":"Valproate in the treatment of posttraumatic bipolar disorder in a psychogeriatric patient","volume":"7","author":"Yassa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0306","article-title":"Efficacy of lithium vs valproate in the treatment of mania in the elderly: a retrospective study","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib89","series-title":"Geriatric psychopharmacology","first-page":"285","article-title":"Anticonvulsants in bipolar elderly","author":"Bowden","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239809147033","article-title":"Clinical correlates of response to valproate in geriatric inpatients","volume":"10","author":"Niedermier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200108000-00017","article-title":"Use of intravenous valproate in geriatric psychiatry","volume":"9","author":"Regenold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ger Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0410h","article-title":"Low-dose lithium augmentation of divalproex in geriatric mania","volume":"61","author":"Goldberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00157-2","article-title":"Divalproate augmentation in lithium-resistant rapid cycling mania in four geriatric patients","volume":"47","author":"Schneider","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Affect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800213","article-title":"Treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder with combination therapy of valproate and lithium","volume":"38","author":"Sharma","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379103600812","article-title":"A first episode of mania after age 80","volume":"36","author":"Kellner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1014497","article-title":"Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and lithium carbonate by double-blind controlled study","volume":"23","author":"Okuma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988703016002010","article-title":"Gabapentin in geriatric mania","volume":"16","author":"Sethi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib98","first-page":"249","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of mania","volume":"57","author":"Tohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.1.62","article-title":"Efficacy of olanzapine in combination with valproate or lithium in the treatment of mania in patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Tohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.9.841","article-title":"Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. The Olanzapine HGGW Study Group","volume":"57","author":"Tohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib101","unstructured":"Beyer JL, Shulman K, Young R, et al. Olanzapine, divalproex, and placebo. Treatment comparison of older adults with acute mania. 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20000301-07","article-title":"Quetiapine for elderly patients with psychotic disorders","volume":"30","author":"Yeung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.719","article-title":"Treatment of bipolar disorder in older adults","volume":"17","author":"Sajatovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib104","first-page":"113","article-title":"Treatment of elderly institutionalized bipolar patients with clozapine","volume":"33","author":"Shulman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199602000-00022","article-title":"Clozapine in rapid cycling bipolar disorder","volume":"16","author":"Frye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700808","article-title":"Lamotrigine use in geriatric patients with bipolar depression","volume":"47","author":"Robillard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib107","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision)","volume":"159","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.6.906","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine and paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression","volume":"158","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.4.541a","article-title":"Mania in an elderly man treated with bupropion","volume":"148","author":"Bittman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib110","unstructured":"Young RC, Jain H, Kiosses D, et al. Antidepressant-associated mania in late life. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198210000-00007","article-title":"Double-blind study of tranylcypromine treatment of major anergic depression","volume":"170","author":"Himmelhoch","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930040205","article-title":"Age, manic psychopathology and treatment response","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91886-1","article-title":"Efficacy of lithium as acute treatment of manic-depressive illness","volume":"1","author":"Stokes","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930050403","article-title":"Mania in old age: a first prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Broadhead","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.7.867","article-title":"Mania in latelife: focus on age at onset","volume":"149","author":"Young","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199721520-00012","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and late life mania","volume":"5","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib117","article-title":"Factors influencing treatment outcomes in geriatrid mania","author":"Lehman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000284694","article-title":"Manic and depressive symptoms in the elderly: their relationships to treatment outcome, cognition and motor symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Berrios","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2001.030302.x","article-title":"The neuropsychology of neuroanatomy of bipolar affective disorder","volume":"3","author":"Bearden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.736","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in late life bipolar disorder","volume":"161","author":"Gildengers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib121","unstructured":"Young RC, Murphy CF, Heo M. Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder in old age: literature review and findings in manic patients. J Affect Disord, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib122","unstructured":"Young RC, Murphy CF, DeAsis JM, et al. Executive function and treatment outcome in geriatric mania. Presented and the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA; May 5\u201310, 2001."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02793-8","article-title":"Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter","volume":"356","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00165-1","article-title":"Lithium at 50: have the neuroprotective effects of this unique cation been overlooked?","volume":"46","author":"Manji","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00252-3","article-title":"In vivo evidence in support of bcl-2's neurotrophic effects?","volume":"48","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.293","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in bipolar affective disorder: implications for the bipolar diathesis","volume":"180","author":"Ferrier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800270040005","article-title":"Complicated mania","volume":"45","author":"Black","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00464.x","article-title":"Lower suicide risk with long-term lithium treatment in major affective illness: a meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Tondo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07450-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorder","volume":"359","author":"Muller-Oerlinghausen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.535.604","article-title":"Lithium propylaxis in recurrent affective disorders","volume":"116","author":"Angst","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.123","article-title":"Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium","volume":"159","author":"O'Connell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.143.5.527","article-title":"Prognosis of depression in old age: the case for lithium therapy","volume":"143","author":"Abou-Saleh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00111-1","article-title":"Early and late onset bipolar disorders: two different forms of manic-depressive illness?","volume":"58","author":"Schurhoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00080-7","article-title":"A comparative study of elderly patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in nursing homes and the community","volume":"27","author":"Bartels","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schiz Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib135","series-title":"Comprehensive textbook of geriatric psychiatry","first-page":"817","article-title":"The practice of evidence-based geriatric psychiatry","author":"Bartels","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.664","article-title":"Depression and bipolar support alliance consensus statement on the unmet needs in diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in late life","volume":"60","author":"Charney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00320-5","article-title":"Donepezil in the treatment-resistant bipolar disorder","volume":"45","author":"Burt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib138","first-page":"125","article-title":"Geriatric schizoaffective disorders","volume":"49","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199911)14:11<985::AID-GPS57>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Lithium in the over-65s: a dedicated monitoring service leads to a better quality of treatment supervision","volume":"14","author":"Fielding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199800630-00008","article-title":"Divalproex treatment of mania in elderly patients","volume":"6","author":"Noagiul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879500800407","article-title":"Tolerability of divalproex solium in elderly psychiatric patients with mixed diagnoses","volume":"8","author":"Puryear","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011_bib142","first-page":"238","article-title":"The use of valproate in an elderly population with affective symptoms","volume":"57","author":"Kando","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X05000821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X05000821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T17:37:44Z","timestamp":1587317864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0193953X05000821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0193953X05000821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2005.09.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-953X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-953X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}