{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:35:28Z","timestamp":1770431728875,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T09:29:29Z","timestamp":1168421369000},"page":"855-870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Insomnia: Prevalence, Impact, Pathogenesis, Differential Diagnosis, and Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib1","series-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","first-page":"136","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of sleep-wake states","author":"Jones","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701303360506","article-title":"Management of insomnia","volume":"336","author":"Kupfer","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.5","article-title":"Comparative meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for persistent insomnia","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0186","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn","volume":"6","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1727-0","article-title":"Effects of three hypnotics on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in sleep-disturbed rats","volume":"173","author":"Shinomiya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib6","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib7","first-page":"1049","article-title":"National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference statement on Manifestations and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults, June 13\u201315, 2005","volume":"28","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib8","series-title":"International classification of sleep disorders. 2nd ed. Diagnostic and coding manual","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.8.1567","article-title":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group. Derivation of research diagnostic criteria for insomnia: report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group","volume":"27","author":"Edinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib10","series-title":"Harrison's principles of internal medicine","first-page":"155","article-title":"Sleep disorders","author":"Czeisler","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00480.x","article-title":"Variability and predictability in sleep patterns of chronic insomniacs","volume":"14","author":"Vallieres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2005.05.002","article-title":"Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments of insomnia","volume":"23","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.10.1412","article-title":"Clinical factors contributing to the differential diagnosis of primary insomnia and insomnia related to mental disorders","volume":"154","author":"Nowell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.1.35","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of nonrestorative sleep complaints","volume":"165","author":"Ohayon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0403","article-title":"Residual symptoms in depressed patients who respond acutely to fluoxetine","volume":"60","author":"Nierenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1207\/s15402010bsm0303_2","article-title":"Time estimation ability and distorted perception of sleep in insomnia","volume":"3","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 16","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib17","first-page":"33","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral approaches to the treatment of insomnia","volume":"65","author":"Morin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00188-3","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults","volume":"39","author":"Breslau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009241","article-title":"Insomnia in young men and subsequent depression. The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study","volume":"146","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib20","first-page":"229","article-title":"The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness","volume":"51","author":"Katz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430110069030","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?","volume":"262","author":"Ford","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.10.1099","article-title":"Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic illness","volume":"158","author":"Katz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199814060-00004","article-title":"Insomnia, health-related quality of life and healthcare resource consumption. A study of managed-care organization enrollees","volume":"14","author":"Hatoum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib24","first-page":"13","article-title":"Clinical and socioeconomic correlates of insomnia","volume":"65","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib25","first-page":"171","article-title":"Professional correlates of insomnia","volume":"29","author":"Leger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib26","unstructured":"National Sleep Foundation. Report on highway safety. Washington (DC): National Sleep Foundation. January 17, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.1999.0074","article-title":"Insomnia and daytime functioning","volume":"4","author":"Riedel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib28","first-page":"113","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in insomnia patients","volume":"97","author":"Hauri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00427.x","article-title":"Daytime variation in performance and tiredness\/sleepiness ratings in patients with insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea and normal controls","volume":"13","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00316-3","article-title":"Slow-wave sleep and waking cognitive performance among older adults with and without insomnia complaints","volume":"66","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.25.1.15","article-title":"Who is a candidate for cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia?","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(97)90012-5","article-title":"Hyperarousal and insomnia","volume":"1","author":"Bonnet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.1.69","article-title":"Effects of cognitive arousal and physiological arousal on sleep perception","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53393.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of insomnia in older people","volume":"53","author":"McCall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53391.x","article-title":"The effect of insomnia definitions, terminology, and classifications on clinical practice","volume":"53","author":"Krystal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230590905344","article-title":"Current patterns and future directions in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"17","author":"Winkelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2005.02.006","article-title":"Insomnia","volume":"32","author":"Neubauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867077","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders associated with disturbed sleep","volume":"25","author":"Krahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17480-1","article-title":"Insomnia","volume":"364","author":"Sateia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib40","first-page":"26","article-title":"Special considerations in insomnia diagnosis and management: depressed, elderly, and chronic pain populations","volume":"65","author":"Benca","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2475","article-title":"Assessment and management of insomnia","volume":"289","author":"Schenck","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30532-X","article-title":"A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment","volume":"10","author":"Spielman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2126","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging evidence for hyperarousal in insomnia","volume":"161","author":"Nofzinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03453","article-title":"Functional consequences of a CKIdelta mutation causing familial advanced sleep phase syndrome","volume":"434","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X06000724?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X06000724?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T12:46:51Z","timestamp":1556023611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0193953X06000724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0193953X06000724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2006.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-953X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-953X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}