{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:54:04Z","timestamp":1761418444362},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T09:29:29Z","timestamp":1168421369000},"page":"921-945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Considerations for the Psychiatrist"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Leibowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen N.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jed E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and coding manual, revised","author":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1826","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy symptomatology and diagnosis in the European general population","volume":"58","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib3","unstructured":"National Sleep Foundation. Sleep in America Poll, 2002. Available at: http:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib4","unstructured":"National Sleep Foundation. Sleep in America Poll, 2003. Available at: http:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method of measuring sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x","article-title":"Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach","volume":"10","author":"Hoddes","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90070-T","article-title":"The sleep-wake activity inventory: a self-report measure of daytime sleepiness","volume":"34","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(78)90162-1","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness in man: multiple sleep latency measurements in narcoleptic and control subjects","volume":"45","author":"Richardson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib9","first-page":"184","article-title":"Epworth sleepiness scale and the multiple sleep latency test: dilemma of the elusive link","volume":"21","author":"Chua","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430115","article-title":"Randomized trial of modafinil for the treatment of pathological somnolence in narcolepsy","volume":"43","author":"U.S. Modafinil in Narcolepsy Multicenter Study Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.10.844","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers","volume":"20","author":"Johns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02921.x","article-title":"Cumulative effects of sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness","volume":"18","author":"Carskadon","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.1.113","article-title":"Practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test","volume":"28","author":"Littner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.6.798","article-title":"Blink duration as an indicator of driver sleepiness in professional bus drivers","volume":"22","author":"Kakkanen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.11.1381","article-title":"The maintenance of wakefulness test and driving simulator performance","volume":"28","author":"Banks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.226","article-title":"Level of sleepiness and total sleep time following various time in bed conditions","volume":"16","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib17","first-page":"576","article-title":"A two-week sleep extension in sleepy normals","volume":"19","author":"Roehrs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib18","first-page":"33","article-title":"Flexible schedules and shift work: replacing the \u20189-to-5\u2019 workday?","author":"Beers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mon Labor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib19","series-title":"Principles and practices of sleep medicine","first-page":"602","article-title":"Shift work","author":"Monk","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.1.17","article-title":"Sleepiness as a consequence of shift work","volume":"11","author":"Akerstedt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199412000-00010","article-title":"Sleep and alertness in a 12-hour rotating shift work environment","volume":"36","author":"Budnick","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041292","article-title":"Modafinil for excessive sleepiness associated with shift-work sleep disorder","volume":"353","author":"Czeisler","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib23","first-page":"242","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation in normals","volume":"17","author":"Philip","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S198","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.suppl_10.S198","article-title":"Neurobehavioral consequences of arousals","volume":"19","author":"Chugh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.693","article-title":"Objective sleepiness measure in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"108","author":"Gozal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0730","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and hyperactivity in children with suspected sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"114","author":"Melendres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.261","article-title":"Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactive disorder","volume":"27","author":"Golan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0103","article-title":"Increased behavioral morbidity in school-aged children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"114","author":"Rosen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.3.449","article-title":"Inattention, hyperactivity, and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"109","author":"Chervin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.44","article-title":"Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children","volume":"114","author":"O'Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801301202","article-title":"Periodic limb movements disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"13","author":"Picchietti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.3.297","article-title":"Moderate to severe periodic limb movements disorder in childhood and adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Picchietti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080","article-title":"Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective","volume":"165","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.3.360","article-title":"Snoring, sleep disturbance, and behaviour in 4-5 year olds","volume":"68","author":"Ali","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.118","article-title":"Prevalence of habitual snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in preschool-aged children in an Italian community","volume":"142","author":"Castronovo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809079","article-title":"Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in children: associations with obesity, race, and respiratory problems","volume":"159","author":"Redline","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-519OC","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in middle-aged Korean men and women","volume":"170","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.5.596","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and cognitive impairment in elderly Japanese-American men","volume":"26","author":"Foley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015","article-title":"Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep disordered breathing","volume":"284","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-005-0026-x","article-title":"Insomnia complaints in patients evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"9","author":"Krell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib41","first-page":"360","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for physicians","volume":"100","author":"Foresman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080","article-title":"Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective","volume":"165","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.2.381","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep apnoea syndrome in the Spanish adult population","volume":"26","author":"Marin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105124","article-title":"Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men with obstructive sleep apnea: a 7-year follow-up","volume":"166","author":"Peker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","article-title":"Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension","volume":"342","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00002","article-title":"Occult sleep-disordered breathing in stable congestive heart failure","volume":"122","author":"Javaheri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000136587.68725.8E","article-title":"Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"110","author":"Gami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a30.x","article-title":"An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease","volume":"14","author":"Peker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74229-X","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study","volume":"365","author":"Marin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.27.020176.002341","article-title":"The sleep apnea syndromes","volume":"27","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib51","series-title":"Principles and practices of sleep medicine","first-page":"868","article-title":"Clinical features of evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome","author":"Bassiri","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17508380","article-title":"Sleep and daytime sleepiness in upper airway resistance syndrome compared to obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.781","article-title":"A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness: the upper airway resistance syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.372","article-title":"Sleepiness, fatigue, tiredness, and lack of energy in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"118","author":"Chervin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90117-X","article-title":"Polygraphic study of the episodic diurnal and nocturnal (hypnic and respiratory) manifestations of the Pickwick syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Gastaut","year":"1966","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib56","series-title":"Sleep apnea syndromes","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical overview of the sleep apnea syndromes","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib57","first-page":"217","article-title":"Clinical physiological heterogeneity of the central sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Bradley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198501000-00004","article-title":"Cheyne-Stokes breathing during sleep in patients with left ventricular heart failure","volume":"78","author":"Findley","year":"1985","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.7.961","article-title":"Practice parameters for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder","volume":"22","author":"Chesson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00443-9","article-title":"Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population","volume":"53","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.313","article-title":"Periodic limb movements in children: prevalence in a referred population","volume":"27","author":"Kirk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib62","series-title":"International classification of sleep disorders, revised: diagnostic and coding manual","author":"American Sleep Disorders Association","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.3.219","article-title":"Are periodic leg movements associated with clinical sleep disturbance?","volume":"19","author":"Mendelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.8.2011062","article-title":"Periodic limb movements and sleepiness in patients evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"164","author":"Chervin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120111","article-title":"Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078887.16593.12","article-title":"Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.263","article-title":"MRI measurement of brain iron in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200103000-00004","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiologic features","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350612","article-title":"The prevalence of narcolepsy: an epidemiological study of the Finnish twin cohort","volume":"35","author":"Hublin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.2_Suppl_1.S16","article-title":"Genetic and familial aspects of narcolepsy","volume":"50","author":"Mignot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib71","first-page":"42","article-title":"A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial comparing the effects of three doses of orally administered sodium oxybate with placebo for the treatment of narcolepsy","volume":"25","author":"US Xyrem in Narcolepsy Multi-center Study Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib73","first-page":"38","article-title":"Diagnostic and Coding Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee (Thorpy MJ, chairman). American Sleep Disorders Association","volume":"347","author":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD)","year":"1990","journal-title":"Narcolepsy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.6.757","article-title":"Health-related quality of life effects of modafinil for treatment of narcolepsy","volume":"22","author":"Beusterien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib75","series-title":"HLA in narcolepsy","first-page":"24","article-title":"Clinical features of narcolepsy: Japanese experiences","author":"Honda","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.3.265","article-title":"Stability of cataplexy over several months: information for the design of therapeutic trials","volume":"17","author":"Gelb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.7.590","article-title":"Patterns of sleep and wakefulness in treated narcoleptic subjects","volume":"17","author":"Rogers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200103000-00002","article-title":"Narcolepsy: clinical features, new pathophysiological insights, and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Overeem","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05582-8","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy","volume":"355","author":"Nishino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.10.1553","article-title":"The role of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement in the diagnosis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias","volume":"59","author":"Mignot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib81","series-title":"HLA in narcolepsy","first-page":"186","article-title":"HLA in disorders of excessive sleepiness without cataplexy in Canada","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.11.1299","article-title":"Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: biogenic. amines and related compounds in CSF","volume":"32","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130306","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in narcolepsy and hypersomnia","volume":"13","author":"Faull","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1 pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.246","article-title":"Monoamine interactions in narcolepsy and hypersomnia: a preliminary report","volume":"9","author":"Faull","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2001.0168","article-title":"Idiopathic hypersomnia","volume":"5","author":"Billiard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750230066013","article-title":"Hypersomnia with \u201csleep drunkenness.\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Roth","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib87","first-page":"647","article-title":"The syndrome of hypersomnia and periodical megaphagia in the adult male (Kleine-Levin): what is its natural course?","volume":"116","author":"Critchley","year":"1967","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200009000-00012","article-title":"Multiple sleep latency test and polysomnography in diagnosing Kleine-Levin syndrome and periodic hypersomnia","volume":"17","author":"Rosenow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib89","first-page":"531","article-title":"Klein-Levin syndrome: contribution of brain SPECT in diagnosis","volume":"35","author":"Arias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.5.436","article-title":"A menstruation-linked periodic hypersomnia: Kleine-Levin syndrome or a new clinical entity?","volume":"25","author":"Billiard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.12.1376","article-title":"Menstruation-associated periodic hypersomnia: a case study with successful treatment","volume":"32","author":"Sachs","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.5.484","article-title":"Menstrual-associated sleep disorder: an unusual hypersomniac variant associated with both menstruation and amenorrhea with a possible link to prolactin and metoclopramide","volume":"16","author":"Bamford","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93011-B","article-title":"Endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligands in idiopathic recurring stupor","volume":"340","author":"Rothstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.1.127","article-title":"Endozepine stupor: recurring stupor linked to endozepine-4 accumulation","volume":"121","author":"Lugaresi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1997.1706658.x","article-title":"Endozepine stupor in children","volume":"17","author":"Soriani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199601000-00016","article-title":"Successful treatment of post-traumatic narcolepsy with methylphenidate: a case report","volume":"75","author":"Francisco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00410-7","article-title":"Evaluation of sleepiness in epilepsy","volume":"111","author":"Manni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib98","series-title":"Sleep medicine","first-page":"77","article-title":"Sleep and infection","author":"Toth","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360190107014","article-title":"Mononucleosis and chronic daytime sleepiness: a long term follow-up study","volume":"146","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04095.x","article-title":"Sleep in Parkinson's disease","volume":"87","author":"Askenasy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70286-3","article-title":"Sleep and degenerative neurologic disorders","volume":"14","author":"Chokroverty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib102","first-page":"107","article-title":"Sleep dysfunction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib103","series-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Neuromuscular disorders","author":"George","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.6.662","article-title":"Excessive daytime somnolence and increased rapid eye movement pressure in myotonic dystrophy","volume":"25","author":"Gibbs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260701","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of fibrositis: I. a \u201cblinded\u201d controlled study of symptoms and tender points","volume":"26","author":"Campbell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00081-F","article-title":"Nocturnal motor activity in fibromyalgia patients with poor sleep quality","volume":"39","author":"Hyyppa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib107","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Sleep and symptoms in fiborsitis syndrome after a febrile illness","volume":"15","author":"Moldofsky","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib108","first-page":"373","article-title":"Alpha EEG sleep and morning symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Moldofsky","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459708988479","article-title":"Alpha sleep and information processing, perception of sleep, pain, and arousability in fibromyalgia","volume":"89","author":"Perlis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90324-7","article-title":"The relationship of alpha delta EEG frequencies to pain and mood in \u201cfibrositis\u201d patients with chlorpromazine and L-tryptophan","volume":"50","author":"Moldolfsky","year":"1980","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.6.513","article-title":"Sleep in heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Yamashiro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2154","article-title":"Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure: types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations","volume":"97","author":"Javaheri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00005082-200407000-00003","article-title":"Sleep difficulties, daytime sleepiness, and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Brostrom","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib114","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Sleep disturbance in cancer patients","volume":"54","author":"Davidson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Sci (Kans)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435383","article-title":"Symptom prevalence, characteristics and distress in a cancer population","volume":"3","author":"Portenoy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1188\/04.ONF.735-746","article-title":"Sleep-wake disturbances in people with cancer: Part I. an overview of sleep, sleep regulation, and effects of disease and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Vena","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-4753(04)80051-6","article-title":"High prevalence of previously unknown subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients referred to a sleep clinic for sleep disordered breathing","volume":"14","author":"Resta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1579-2129(06)60320-0","article-title":"Acromegaly and sleep apnea","volume":"40","author":"Blanco Perez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00852.x","article-title":"Sleep apnoea in treated acromegaly: relative frequency and predisposing factors","volume":"45","author":"Rosenow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endcroninol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11242.x","article-title":"Quality of life of adults with growth hormone deficiency: a controlled study","volume":"356","author":"Bjork","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib121","first-page":"139","article-title":"DEPRES II (Depression Research in European Society II): a patient survey of the symptoms, disability and current management of depression in\u00a0the community. DEPRES Steering Committee","volume":"14","author":"Tylee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(82)90009-8","article-title":"Application of the multiple sleep latency test in disorders of excessive sleepiness","volume":"53","author":"Reynolds","year":"1982","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.641","article-title":"Practice parameters for the use of light therapy in the treatment of sleep disorders. Standards of Practice Committee, American Academy of Sleep Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Chesson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200617","article-title":"Commentary: evidence for melatonin as a circadian phase-shifting agent","volume":"12","author":"Czeisler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.5.565","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure therapy for treating sleepiness in a diverse population with obstructive sleep apnea: results of a meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.45","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and EEG spectral analysis in apneic patients before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"119","author":"Morisson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200103000-00004","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiologic features","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.5.907","article-title":"Ropinirole decreases periodic leg movements and improves sleep parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib129","first-page":"92","article-title":"Ropinirole in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: results form the TREAT RLS1 study, a 12 week, randomized, placebo controlled study in 10 European countries","volume":"75","author":"Trenwalder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1327","article-title":"A pilot study on the effects of sodium oxybate on sleep architecture and daytime alertness in narcolepsy","volume":"27","author":"Mamelak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib131","first-page":"A218","article-title":"Nightly administration of sodium oxybate is effective for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy","volume":"28","author":"Black","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.suppl_8.S103","article-title":"Narcolepsy and its treatment with stimulants. ASDA standards of practice","volume":"17","author":"Mitler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.02.003","article-title":"Dopaminergic-adrenergic interactions in the wake promoting mechanism of modafinil","volume":"132","author":"Wisor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.5.1166","article-title":"Randomized trial of modafinil as a treatment for the excessive daytime somnolence of narcolepsy","volume":"54","author":"US Modafinil in Narcolepsy Multicenter Study Group","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X06000815?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X06000815?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T12:47:00Z","timestamp":1556023620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0193953X06000815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0193953X06000815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-953X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-953X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}