{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:41:47Z","timestamp":1791394907915,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,26]],"date-time":"2016-06-26T13:58:52Z","timestamp":1466949532000},"page":"513-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chittaranjan","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam Sundar","family":"Arumugham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadisha","family":"Thirthalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.68371","article-title":"Effectiveness of thiopentone, propofol and midazolam as an ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent for modified electroconvulsive therapy: a comparative study","volume":"54","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.166444","article-title":"Impact comparison of ketamine and sodium thiopental on anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy in major depression patients with drug-resistant; a double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Salehi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib3","first-page":"32","article-title":"Cryotherapy for treatment of ECT-induced headache","volume":"43","author":"Drew","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib4","first-page":"116","article-title":"The course of myalgia and headache after electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"26","author":"Dinwiddie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib5","series-title":"The practice of electroconvulsive therapy-recommendations for treatment, training, and privileging (A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib6","first-page":"280","article-title":"Intranasal sumatriptan in post-ECT headache: results of an open-label trial","volume":"17","author":"Markowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib7","first-page":"105","article-title":"Headache treatment after electroconvulsive treatment: a single-blinded trial comparator between eletriptan and paracetamol","volume":"31","author":"Kertesz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib8","first-page":"152","article-title":"Use of the neuro-wrap system for severe post-electroconvulsive therapy headaches","volume":"24","author":"Kramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0509","article-title":"Pretreatment with ibuprofen to prevent electroconvulsive therapy-induced headache","volume":"64","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib10","first-page":"84","article-title":"Correlates of myalgia in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"24","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.99530","article-title":"Position statement and guidelines on unmodified electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"54","author":"Andrade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2012.62.1.101","article-title":"Tongue laceration during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"62","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib13","first-page":"68","article-title":"A\u00a0case report of prolonged apnea during ECT in a patient with suicidal attempt by organophosphorus poison","volume":"6","author":"Moudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.11.001","article-title":"Suxamethonium induced prolonged apnea in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"32","author":"Waghmare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.504860","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective comparative study of interaction between lithium and modified electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"12","author":"Thirthalli","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.8.1027","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia and ECT","volume":"143","author":"Yacoub","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200601000-00022","article-title":"Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in acquired pathologic states: etiologic factors and molecular mechanisms","volume":"104","author":"Martyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib18","first-page":"201","article-title":"Unilateral nondominant electrode placement as a risk factor for recall of awareness under anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"23","author":"Andrade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib19","first-page":"11","article-title":"The prevalence of prolonged cerebral seizures at the first treatment in a course of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"23","author":"Whittaker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib20","series-title":"Monitoring seizure activity. The ECT handbook: the third report of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Special Committee of ECT","first-page":"159","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.131012","article-title":"Management of prolonged seizures during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"36","author":"Aloysi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-008-0076-4","article-title":"Uncommon but serious complications associated with electroconvulsive therapy: recognition and management for the clinician","volume":"10","author":"Cristancho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib23","first-page":"275","article-title":"Tardive seizure and antibiotics: case reports and review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Saito","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib24","first-page":"180","article-title":"Tardive seizure with postictal aphasia: a case report","volume":"28","author":"Felkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib25","first-page":"186","article-title":"Transient visual loss after right unilateral ECT","volume":"21","author":"Kurani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib26","first-page":"247","article-title":"Transient hemiparesis (Todd\u2019s paralysis) after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a patient with major depressive disorder","volume":"29","author":"Liff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib27","first-page":"995","article-title":"The Lumleian Lectures for 1849. On the pathology and treatment of convulsive diseases","volume":"46","author":"Todd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib28","first-page":"189","article-title":"Postictal agitation after electroconvulsive therapy: incidence, severity, and propofol as a treatment option","volume":"29","author":"Tzabazis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib29","first-page":"e18","article-title":"Treatment-resistant postictal agitation after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) controlled with dexmedetomidine","volume":"29","author":"Bryson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600803","article-title":"The use of electroconvulsive therapy in special patient populations","volume":"46","author":"Rabheru","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(03)00057-1","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in the medically ill","volume":"25","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0707755","article-title":"Medical evaluation of patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy: current concepts","volume":"360","author":"Tess","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-003-0047-8","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in the medically Ill","volume":"5","author":"Christopher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.6.904","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of ECT\u00a0in depressed patients with cardiac disease","volume":"150","author":"Zielinski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib35","first-page":"76","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with cardiac disease: hemodynamic changes","volume":"29","author":"Bryson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.8.1095","article-title":"An analysis of reported deaths following electroconvulsive therapy in Texas, 1993-1998","volume":"52","author":"Shiwach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib37","first-page":"263","article-title":"No causal association between electroconvulsive therapy and death: a summary of a report from the Danish Health and Medicines Authority covering 99,728 treatments","volume":"30","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2015.06.004","article-title":"Per stimulus asystole during electroconvulsive therapy: clinical case and critical literature review","volume":"42","author":"Roche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.41810","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and electrocardiograph changes","volume":"54","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(99)74966-3","article-title":"Myocardial infarction after electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"52","author":"L\u00f3pez-G\u00f3mez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.193-az0330.x","article-title":"Cardiac rupture during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"52","author":"Ali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib42","first-page":"182","article-title":"Use of electroconvulsive therapy in a patient 10\u00a0days after myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Magid","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu153","article-title":"Beta-blocking agents during electroconvulsive therapy: a review","volume":"113","author":"Boere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-206816","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following electroconvulsive therapy: an increasingly recognised phenomenon","volume":"2014","author":"Narayanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib45","first-page":"221","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after electroconvulsive therapy: a case report and review","volume":"27","author":"Celano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib46","first-page":"361","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as a complication of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"57","author":"de Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib47","first-page":"e68","article-title":"Aspiration during electroconvulsive therapy under general anesthesia","volume":"29","author":"Kurnutala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90257-0","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonitis following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with gastroparesis","volume":"24","author":"Zibrak","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.03.004","article-title":"Acute neurogenic pulmonary edema following electroconvulsive therapy: a case report","volume":"34","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2011.1030","article-title":"Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating electroconvulsive therapy: short review of the pathophysiology and diagnostic approach","volume":"10","author":"Manne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib51","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism after ECT","volume":"21","author":"Mamah","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib52","first-page":"160","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy, hypertensive surge, blood-brain barrier breach, and amnesia: exploring the evidence for a connection","volume":"30","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib53","first-page":"67","article-title":"Acute embolic stroke after electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib54","first-page":"150","article-title":"Ischemic stroke after electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"22","author":"Bruce","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib55","first-page":"43","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for patients with intracranial aneurysms: a case study and literature review","volume":"51","author":"van Herck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib56","first-page":"47","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and cerebral aneurysms","volume":"30","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.7.957","article-title":"Does ECT alter brain structure?","volume":"151","author":"Devanand","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib58","first-page":"143","article-title":"ECT: its brain enabling effects: a review of electroconvulsive therapy-induced structural brain plasticity","volume":"30","author":"Bouckaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib59","first-page":"87","article-title":"Memory and ECT: from polarization to reconciliation","volume":"16","author":"Sackeim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib60","first-page":"61","article-title":"Does bilateral ECT cause persistent cognitive impairment?","volume":"23","author":"Abrams","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.009","article-title":"Objective cognitive performance associated with electroconvulsive therapy for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Semkovska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90266-0","article-title":"Effects of depression and ECT on anterograde memory","volume":"21","author":"Steif","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib63","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cognitive side effects of brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy: a review","volume":"24","author":"Ingram","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00047-6","article-title":"The effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on implicit memory: skill learning and perceptual priming in patients with major depression","volume":"38","author":"Vakil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003781874","article-title":"A\u00a0review of factors that moderate autobiographical memory performance in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"32","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.1.1","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and complaints of memory dysfunction: a prospective three-year follow-up study","volume":"142","author":"Squire","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib67","series-title":"Convulsive therapy: theory and practice","author":"Fink","year":"1979"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib68","first-page":"133","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and memory loss: a personal journey","volume":"16","author":"Donahue","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib69","first-page":"10","article-title":"The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on autobiographical memory: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Fraser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.48.4.290","article-title":"Complaints of loss of personal memories after electroconvulsive therapy: evidence of a somatoform disorder?","volume":"48","author":"Fink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib71","first-page":"165","article-title":"Multifactorial determinants of the neurocognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"30","author":"McClintock","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.7.995","article-title":"Predictors of retrograde amnesia following ECT","volume":"152","author":"Sobin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv067","article-title":"Predicting retrograde autobiographical memory changes following electroconvulsive therapy: relationships between individual, treatment, and early clinical factors","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2012.12.010","article-title":"Battery for ECT related cognitive deficits (B4ECT-ReCoDe): development and validation","volume":"6","author":"Viswanath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.08.021","article-title":"A\u00a0new early cognitive screening measure to detect cognitive side-effects of electroconvulsive therapy?","volume":"47","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib77","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pharmacological attenuation of electroconvulsive therapy\u2013induced cognitive deficits: theoretical background and clinical findings","volume":"24","author":"Pigot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-013-0389-0","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy: a systematic review of case studies","volume":"18","author":"Leiknes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318190d7ca","article-title":"ECT in pregnancy: a review of the literature from 1941 to 2007","volume":"71","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib80","first-page":"444","article-title":"Use of electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.972373","article-title":"Electroconvulsive treatment during pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Pompili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib82","first-page":"69","article-title":"The development of mania and organic euphoria during ECT","volume":"49","author":"Devanand","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib83","first-page":"81","article-title":"Mania as a side effect of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"4","author":"Andrade","year":"1988","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib84","first-page":"318","article-title":"Further characterization of mania as a side effect of ECT","volume":"6","author":"Andrade","year":"1990","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000204030","article-title":"Bladder rupture during ECT","volume":"144","author":"Irving","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib86","first-page":"153","article-title":"Gastric rupture after electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"22","author":"van Schaik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.09.015","article-title":"Bilateral posterior vitreous detachment after electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"31","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Amor\u00f3s","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.8","article-title":"Combined use of clozapine and ECT: a review","volume":"27","author":"Grover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.026740","article-title":"All\u2013cause mortality among recipients of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"190","author":"Munk-Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib90","first-page":"390","article-title":"Effect of ECT on mortality and clinical outcome in geriatric unipolar depression","volume":"56","author":"Philibert","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519090-00002","article-title":"Guide to anaesthetic selection for electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X16300156?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X16300156?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T06:45:53Z","timestamp":1568097953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0193953X16300156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0193953X16300156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-953X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-953X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}