{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:54:25Z","timestamp":1790844865251,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WS1926243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WS1926243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23MH10026 and R01MH113700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23MH10026 and R01MH113700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Foundation"},{"name":"Neuronetics, Inc"},{"name":"Assurex Health, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T01:36:50Z","timestamp":1533778610000},"page":"465-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Therapeutic Applications of Noninvasive Neuromodulation in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Deniz","family":"Doruk Camsari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Kirkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Croarkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2011.623688","article-title":"Applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"23","author":"Croarkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intl Rev of Psyc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.10.012","article-title":"Safety of noninvasive brain stimulation in children and adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1572-z","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in children and adolescents: a comprehensive review","volume":"123","author":"Palm","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814553274","article-title":"Clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in pediatric neurology","volume":"30","author":"Narayana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.12.009","article-title":"Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in children: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"68","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00029","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of theta burst stimulation vs. single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation: a comparative study of 165 pediatric subjects","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib8","first-page":"2039","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced seizure of a patient with adolescent-onset depression: a case report and literature review","volume":"39","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.02.003","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induced seizures in an adolescent patient with major depression: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Chiramberro M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0070","article-title":"Seizure induced by deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in an adolescent with depression","volume":"26","author":"Cullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib11","first-page":"156","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression in adolescents: an open-label study","volume":"24","author":"Bloch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.06.004","article-title":"Neurocardiogenic syncope complicating pediatric transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"39","author":"Kirton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib13","first-page":"84","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of adolescents with resistant depression treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.09.012","article-title":"Addressing the needs of adolescents with treatment resistant depressive disorders: a systematic review of rTMS","volume":"7","author":"Donaldson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07003","article-title":"Adjunctive use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed adolescents: a prospective, open pilot study","volume":"72","author":"Wall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0217","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-guided, open-label, high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Wall","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib17","first-page":"242","article-title":"Glutamate alterations associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation in youth depression: a case series","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.04.099","article-title":"Proton spectroscopy study of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pediatric depressed patients","volume":"384","author":"Caetano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00134","article-title":"rTMS neuromodulation improves electrocortical functional measures of information processing and behavioral responses in autism","volume":"8","author":"Sokhadze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-014-9264-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation integrating rTMS and neurofeedback for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study","volume":"39","author":"Sokhadze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib21","series-title":"Transcranial brain stimulation for treatment of psychiatric disorders","first-page":"187","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation","author":"Huang","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00581-0","article-title":"Developmental processes and brain imaging studies in Tourette syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Gerard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib23","first-page":"225","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a research tool in Tourette syndrome and related disorders","volume":"85","author":"George","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.01.007","article-title":"1-Hz low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"492","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.049","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1 Hertz improves clinical symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome for at least 6\u00a0months","volume":"20","author":"Le","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib26","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone","year":"2003","journal-title":"World psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib27","first-page":"98","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents and young adults: a pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Weaver","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2013.04.001","article-title":"Childhood onset schizophrenia and early onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"22","author":"Driver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"9209","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02043-2","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"355","author":"Hoffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.1.49","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left temporoparietal cortex and medication-resistant auditory hallucinations","volume":"60","author":"Hoffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.06.010","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat early-onset auditory hallucinations","volume":"51","author":"Jardri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001968","article-title":"An 11-year-old boy with drug-resistant schizophrenia treated with temporo-parietal rTMS","volume":"12","author":"Jardri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70096-6","article-title":"Contralesional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic hemiparesis in subcortical paediatric stroke: a randomised trial","volume":"7","author":"Kirton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002646","article-title":"Brain stimulation and constraint for perinatal stroke hemiparesis The PLASTIC CHAMPS Trial","volume":"86","author":"Kirton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.08.010","article-title":"In-session seizures during low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Rotenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20161006-01","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation use in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: a brief review","volume":"46","author":"Szymkowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0719-0","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in children","volume":"17","author":"Hameed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0172","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"26","author":"Muszkat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002","article-title":"Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): challenges and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Brunoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00367-0","article-title":"Convulsive therapy: a review of the first 55 years","volume":"63","author":"Fink","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000142280.87429.68","article-title":"Practice parameter for use of electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Ghaziuddin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0139","article-title":"A\u00a020 year practice review of electroconvulsive therapy for adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Puffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.164715","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for acute major depressive episodes: meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"208","author":"Brunoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2006.05.012","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation: can they be considered valid modalities in the treatment of pediatric mood disorders?","volume":"15","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.01.001","article-title":"Tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation in childhood-onset schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Mattai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0066","article-title":"Clinical experience using electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"20","author":"Baeza","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813503710","article-title":"Feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation use in children aged 5 to 12 years","volume":"29","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2011.570852","article-title":"The use of the bilingual aphasia test for assessment and transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate language acquisition in minimally verbal children with autism","volume":"25","author":"Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Linguist Phon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173073","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/173073","article-title":"Effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on autism: a randomized double-blind crossover trial","volume":"2014","author":"Amatachaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928631","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/928631","article-title":"The short-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on electroencephalography in children with autism: a randomized crossover controlled trial","volume":"2015","author":"Amatachaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361309350135","article-title":"Brief report: Electroconvulsive therapy for malignant catatonia in an autistic adolescent","volume":"14","author":"Wachtel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0754-8","article-title":"ECT for self-injury in an autistic boy","volume":"18","author":"Wachtel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07081246","article-title":"ECT for catatonia in an autistic girl","volume":"165","author":"Wachtel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0135371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135371","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"10","author":"Cosmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3098-4","article-title":"Modulating behavioral inhibition by tDCS combined with cognitive training","volume":"219","author":"Ditye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816630083","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Bandeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715618792","article-title":"Effect of anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on DLPFC on modulation of inhibitory control in ADHD","author":"Soltaninejad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Attent Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00307","article-title":"Slow oscillating transcranial direct current stimulation during non-rapid eye movement sleep improves behavioral inhibition in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"9","author":"Munz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.07.036","article-title":"Transcranial oscillatory direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory consolidation in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder to a level comparable to healthy controls","volume":"7","author":"Prehn-Kristensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.06.027","article-title":"Feasibility of focal transcranial DC polarization with simultaneous EEG recording: preliminary assessment in healthy subjects and human epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"Faria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010487201282","article-title":"The effects of transcranial micropolarization on the severity of convulsive fits in children","volume":"31","author":"Shelyakin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Behav Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.10.031","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in adolescent and adult Rasmussen's encephalitis","volume":"20","author":"San-Juan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2011.35.4.579","article-title":"Suppression of seizure by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in an epileptic patient: a case report","volume":"35","author":"Yook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.01.009","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of refractory childhood focal epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Auvichayapat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.07.016","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in refractory continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep: a controlled study","volume":"97","author":"Varga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059414540647","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation-induced seizure: analysis of a case","volume":"46","author":"Ekici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25548","article-title":"Special concerns in defining, studying, and treating dystonia in children","volume":"28","author":"Mink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514566997","article-title":"Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with virtual reality for improving gait in children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy: a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Collange Grecco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.763","article-title":"Effect of a single session of transcranial direct-current stimulation combined with virtual reality training on the balance of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"27","author":"Lazzari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib70","first-page":"954","article-title":"Reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"97","author":"Aree-uea","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0053","article-title":"Effect of a single session of transcranial direct-current stimulation on balance and spatiotemporal gait variables in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized sham-controlled study","volume":"18","author":"Grecco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815575369","article-title":"Multiday transcranial direct current stimulation causes clinically insignificant changes in childhood dystonia: a pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Bhanpuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib73","first-page":"215","article-title":"Evidence for reading improvement following tDCS treatment in children and adolescents with Dyslexia","volume":"34","author":"Costanzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000536","article-title":"Reading changes in children and adolescents with dyslexia after transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"27","author":"Costanzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.013","article-title":"An eight-week, open-trial, pilot feasibility study of trigeminal nerve stimulation in youth with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"8","author":"McGough","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib76","first-page":"2049","article-title":"Magnetic seizure therapy in an adolescent with refractory bipolar depression: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Noda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00600","article-title":"Transcranial stimulation of the developing brain: a plea for extreme caution","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.2003.93","article-title":"Development and plasticity of the corticospinal system in man","volume":"10","author":"Eyre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076112","article-title":"Dosage considerations for transcranial direct current stimulation in children: a computational modeling study","volume":"8","author":"Kessler","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib80","unstructured":"Minhas P, Bikson M, Woods AJ, et\u00a0al. Transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric brain: a computational modeling study. Paper presented at: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE2012. San Diego, CA, USA, August 28 - September 1, 2012."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198712000-00008","article-title":"An update on the external ear resonance in infants and young children","volume":"8","author":"Kruger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib82","series-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical psychiatry","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of transcranial magnetic stimulation","author":"George","year":"2007"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.045","article-title":"Long-term enhancement of brain function and cognition using cognitive training and brain stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Snowball","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.013","article-title":"The neuroethics of non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Kadosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2478\/s13380-013-0116-3","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation in children: applications and future directions","volume":"4","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X18311110?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0193953X18311110?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T23:25:12Z","timestamp":1661729112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0193953X18311110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0193953X18311110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-953X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-953X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic Applications of Noninvasive Neuromodulation in Children and Adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}