{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:25:01Z","timestamp":1791221101849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,27]],"date-time":"2009-01-27T05:15:08Z","timestamp":1233033308000},"page":"120-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Dopamine transporter imaging in adult patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Swen","family":"Hesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Ballaschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henryk","family":"Barthel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Sabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0158-5","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter availability with [123I]\u03b2-CIT SPECT is unrelated to gender or menstrual cycle","volume":"183","author":"Best","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib3","first-page":"359","article-title":"Quantification of striatal dopamine transporters with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT is influenced by the SSRI paroxetine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy controls","volume":"48","author":"Booij","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib4","first-page":"38","article-title":"Is correction for age necessary in SPECT or PET of the central serotonin transporter in young, healthy adults?","volume":"47","author":"Buchert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-133X(95)00077-Q","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid predicts behavioral response to stimulants in 45 boys with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"14","author":"Castellanos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-1047-3","article-title":"Dopamine transporter density in the basal ganglia assessed with [123I]IPT SPET in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Cheon","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib7","series-title":"DISYPS-KJ: Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr psychische St\u00f6rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter nach ICD-10 und DSM-IV","author":"D\u00f6pfner","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04030-1","article-title":"Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"354","author":"Dougherty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.015","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder endophenotypes","volume":"57","author":"Doyle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590000330","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: binding of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 to the dopamine transporter before and after methylphenidate treatment","volume":"27","author":"Dresel","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-15-05901.1998","article-title":"DOPA decarboxylase activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults. A [fluorine-18]fluorodopa positron emission tomographic study","volume":"18","author":"Ernst","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2007.0119","article-title":"Venlafaxine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"17","author":"Findling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-2-40","article-title":"Altered pattern of brain dopamine synthesis in male adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"2","author":"Forssberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavior and Brain Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.43.050802.112309","article-title":"Monoamine transporters: from genes to behavior","volume":"43","author":"Gainetdinov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5400.397","article-title":"Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity","volume":"283","author":"Gainetdinov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.011","article-title":"A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters","volume":"59","author":"Gould","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150050396","article-title":"Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen","volume":"70","author":"Gro\u00df","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(01)00626-6","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel N- or O-fluoroalkyl derivatives of tropane: potential positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents for the dopamine transporter","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioorganic Medicine Chemical Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib19","series-title":"Beck-Depression Inventar (BDI)","author":"Hautzinger","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.09.010","article-title":"Molecular genetic aspects of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"28","author":"Heiser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavior Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0008-8","article-title":"Regional serotonin transporter availability and depression are correlated in Wilson's disease","volume":"110","author":"Hesse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.07.002","article-title":"Serotonin and dopamine transporter imaging in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"140","author":"Hesse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuromaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0401-6","article-title":"Possible impact of dopamine SPECT on decision-making for drug treatment in Parkinsonian syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Hesse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(19990301)31:3<178::AID-SYN2>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Comparison between the decrease of dopamine transporter and that of l-DOPA uptake for detection of early to advanced stage of Parkinson's disease in animal models","volume":"31","author":"Ito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E728","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070373","article-title":"Regulation of monoamine transporters: influence of psychostimulants and therapeutic antidepressants","volume":"7","author":"Jayanthi","year":"2005","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.009","article-title":"Reduced midbrain dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: association between striatal dopamine markers and motor hyperactivity","volume":"57","author":"Jucaite","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892","article-title":"The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self- Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population","volume":"35","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.15.3.294","article-title":"Violence and serotonin: influence of impulse control, affect regulation, and social functioning","volume":"15","author":"Krakowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01040-5","article-title":"Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography","volume":"285","author":"Krause","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145702002821","article-title":"Stimulant-like action of nicotine on striatal dopamine transporter in the brain of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"5","author":"Krause","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.012","article-title":"The dopamine transporter and neuroimaging in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Krause","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970500518444","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter availability and DAT-1 gene in adults with ADHD: no higher DAT availability in patients with homozygosity for the 10-repeat allele","volume":"7","author":"Krause","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0602-x","article-title":"Influence of striatal dopamine transporter availability on the response to methylphenidate in adult patients with ADHD","volume":"255","author":"Krause","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-2-27","article-title":"The IMAGE project: methodological issues for the molecular genetic analysis of ADHD","volume":"2","author":"Kuntsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavior Brain Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000230077.48480.68","article-title":"Value of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT to predict clinical response to methylphenidate treatment in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"La Foug\u00e8re","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-200603000-00010","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter density in drug naive patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Larisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.131","article-title":"Graphical, kinetic, and equilibrium analyses of in vivo [123I]\u03b2-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in healthy human subjects","volume":"14","author":"Laruelle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.011","article-title":"The dopamine transporter and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"57","author":"Madras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.1948","article-title":"Diagnostic controversies in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"161","author":"McGough","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00052","article-title":"Lower dopamine transporter binding potential in striatum during depression","volume":"12","author":"Meyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib41","first-page":"839","article-title":"Investigating dopaminergic neurotransmission with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT: comparability of modern SPECT systems","volume":"44","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib42","series-title":"International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE), ICD-10 Modul","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.52","article-title":"Lower serotonin transporter binding potential in the human brain during major depressive episodes","volume":"163","author":"Parsey","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.11.031","article-title":"Methylphenidate-evoked changes in striatal dopamine correlate with inattention and impulsivity in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"25","author":"Rosa-Neto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20235","article-title":"Therapeutic doses of amphetamine or methylphenidate differentially increase synaptic and extracellular dopamine","volume":"59","author":"Schiffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.036","article-title":"In vivo neuroreceptor imaging in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a focus on the dopamine transporter","volume":"57","author":"Spencer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.1084","article-title":"Sex differences in [123I]\u03b2-CIT SPECT measures of dopamine and serotonin transporter availability in healthy smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"41","author":"Staley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.309","article-title":"Unaltered dopamine transporter availability in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"159","author":"van Dyck","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.10.1.36","article-title":"Age-related decline in dopamine transporters: analysis of striatal subregions, nonlinear effects, and hemispheric asymmetries","volume":"10","author":"van Dyck","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.011","article-title":"Behavioural, pharmacological, morpho-functional molecular studies reveal a hyperfunctioning mesocortical dopamine system in an animal model of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Viggiano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(02)00104-9","article-title":"Role of dopamine in the therapeutic and reinforcing effects of methylphenidate in humans: results from imaging studies","volume":"12","author":"Volkow","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.006","article-title":"Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"57","author":"Volkow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.014","article-title":"Brain dopamine transporter levels in treatment and drug naive adults with ADHD","volume":"34","author":"Volkow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002_bib55","first-page":"885","article-title":"The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"150","author":"Ward","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925492708000206?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925492708000206?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T11:11:08Z","timestamp":1558091468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925492708000206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0925492708000206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4927","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}