{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:58:52Z","timestamp":1789383532094,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T13:56:41Z","timestamp":1330955801000},"page":"152-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cigarette smoking and white matter microstructure in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Kathryn R.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Magnotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Bockholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy L.","family":"Gollub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dara S.","family":"Manoach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beng C.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent P.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lauriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan R.","family":"Bustillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Charles","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy C.","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin O.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(92)90003-N","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a depression rating scale for schizophrenics","volume":"6","author":"Addington","year":"1992","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0010","series-title":"The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)","author":"Andreasen","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0015","series-title":"The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)","author":"Andreasen","year":"1984"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080023004","article-title":"The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). An instrument for assessing diagnosis and psychopathology","volume":"49","author":"Andreasen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199601000-00018","article-title":"Automatic atlas-based volume estimation of human brain regions from MR images","volume":"20","author":"Andreasen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi062","article-title":"White matter development during childhood and adolescence: a cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"15","author":"Barnea-Goraly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301423","article-title":"The effects of transdermal nicotine on cognition in nonsmokers with schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric controls","volume":"33","author":"Barr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1996.0086","article-title":"Microstructural and physiological features of tissues elucidated by quantitative-diffusion-tensor MRI","volume":"111","author":"Basser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1994.1037","article-title":"Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo","volume":"103","author":"Basser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance. Series B"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.940","article-title":"Lost human capital from early-onset chronic depression","volume":"157","author":"Berndt","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00610-3","article-title":"Differences between smokers and nonsmokers in regional gray matter volumes and densities","volume":"55","author":"Brody","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.028","article-title":"Evaluation of the GTRACT diffusion tensor tractography algorithm: a validation and reliability study","volume":"31","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4184-08.2009","article-title":"Genetics of brain fiber architecture and intellectual performance","volume":"29","author":"Chiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199403000-00005","article-title":"Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.11.1490","article-title":"Nicotine dependence in schizophrenia: clinical phenomena and laboratory findings","volume":"155","author":"Dalack","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000199954.81900.e2","article-title":"White matter integrity and cognition in childhood and old age","volume":"66","author":"Deary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(99)00033-5","article-title":"Defining the course of brain structural change and plasticity in schizophrenia","volume":"92","author":"DeLisi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.003","article-title":"Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers: effects of chronic cigarette smoking on brain structure","volume":"87","author":"Durazzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0090","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0095","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Cerebral white matter recovery in abstinent alcoholics\u2014a multimodality magnetic resonance study","volume":"133","author":"Gazdzinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.003","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in grey and white matter during adolescence","volume":"49","author":"Giorgio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199901000-00030","article-title":"Improving tissue classification in MRI: a three-dimensional multispectral discriminant analysis method with automated training class selection","volume":"23","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.09.001","article-title":"Disruption of orbitofrontal cortex laterality in offspring from multiplex alcohol dependence families","volume":"65","author":"Hill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.8.993","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients","volume":"143","author":"Hughes","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13491","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2402-07.2007","article-title":"Prenatal and adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke modulates the development of white matter microstructure","volume":"27","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1133-8","article-title":"Effects of transdermal nicotine on episodic memory in non-smokers with and without schizophrenia","volume":"199","author":"Jubelt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328325a8f9","article-title":"Diffusion tensor MRI of the corpus callosum and cognitive function in adults born preterm","volume":"20","author":"Kontis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198506000-00005","article-title":"Assessment of tardive dyskinesia using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale","volume":"173","author":"Lane","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30825","article-title":"COMT val158met modulates association between brain white matter architecture and IQ","volume":"150B","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.10.1346","article-title":"A review of the effects of nicotine on schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications","volume":"50","author":"Lyon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-6111(02)00011-3","article-title":"Structural MR image processing using the BRAINS2 toolbox","volume":"26","author":"Magnotta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014708","article-title":"Neurocognition in first-episode schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review","volume":"23","author":"Mesholam-Gately","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03384.x","article-title":"Genetics of the association between intelligence and nicotine dependence: a study of male Swedish twins","volume":"106","author":"Modig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2005.11.004","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of human brain development","volume":"16","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701767829","article-title":"Chronic cigarette smoking and the microstructural integrity of white matter in healthy adults: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"10","author":"Paul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.03.001","article-title":"Insular cortex thinning in first episode schizophrenia patients","volume":"182","author":"Roiz-Santianez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.017","article-title":"Age-related alterations in white matter microstructure measured by diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"26","author":"Salat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.02.007","article-title":"An MRI-based approach for the measurement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans","volume":"173","author":"Sanches","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20149","article-title":"Cognitive functions correlate with white matter architecture in a normal pediatric population: a diffusion tensor MRI study","volume":"26","author":"Schmithorst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb1005","series-title":"Gray matter volume decreases in elderly patients with schizophrenia: a voxel-based morphometry study","author":"Schuster","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn150","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometric multisite collaborative study on schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Segall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1970.tb02066.x","article-title":"A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects","volume":"212","author":"Simpson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.08.019","article-title":"Gray matter volume differences and the effects of smoking on gray matter in schizophrenia","volume":"97","author":"Tregellas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsler, D., 1997. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition: Administration and Scoring Manual, in San Antonio, Texas, edited by T. P. Corporation, U.S.A.","DOI":"10.1037\/t49755-000"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.01.002","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance in first-episode adolescents with schizophrenia: a comparison with first-episode adults and adolescent control subjects","volume":"60","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0b013e3181809f1e","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in psychiatric disorders","volume":"19","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp088","article-title":"Global white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia: a multisite diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"37","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e31805365db","article-title":"White matter volume and anisotropy in preterm children: a pilot study of neurocognitive correlates","volume":"61","author":"Yung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.018","article-title":"Smoking and schizophrenia independently and additively reduce white matter integrity between striatum and frontal cortex","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925492711003039?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925492711003039?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T19:09:30Z","timestamp":1561403370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925492711003039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0925492711003039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4927","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}