{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:11:20Z","timestamp":1790975480265,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-67017-26473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-67017-26473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T10:56:47Z","timestamp":1586602607000},"page":"3266-3279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of broiler genetic strain and dietary amino acid reduction on (part I) growth performance and internal organ development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George T.","family":"Tabler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. David","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib1","series-title":"Ross Broiler Nutrition Specifications Aviagen Group","author":"Aviagen","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey166","article-title":"Evaluation of different dietary alterations in their ability to mitigate the incidence and severity of woody breast and white striping in commercial male broilers","volume":"97","author":"Bodle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179665","article-title":"Digestible lysine requirements of male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age reassessed","volume":"12","author":"Cemin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F446","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1978.234.5.F446","article-title":"Quantitation of renal uric acid synthesis in the chicken","volume":"234","author":"Chin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib5","series-title":"Cobb Broiler Performance & Nutrition Supplement","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02796","article-title":"Changes in body composition in broilers by a sulfur amino acid deficiency during growth","volume":"92","author":"Conde-Aguilera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/14.1.1","article-title":"Dietary amino acid density effects on growth and carcass of broilers differing in strain cross and sex","volume":"14","author":"Corzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1017\/S1074070800021015","article-title":"Production and profitability responses to alternative protein sources and levels in broiler rations","volume":"33","author":"Costa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew310","article-title":"Occurrence of white striping and wooden breast in broilers fed grower and finisher diets with increasing lysine levels","volume":"96","author":"Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib10","series-title":"Sturkie's Avian Physiology","first-page":"337","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology","author":"Denbow","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/16.2.192","article-title":"Dietary apparent metabolizable energy and amino acid density effects on growth and carcass traits of heavy broilers","volume":"16","author":"Dozier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-635X2013000400008","article-title":"Effect of different dietary concentrations of Amino Acids on the performance of two different Broiler Strains","volume":"15","author":"Ebling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poul. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/6.4.462","article-title":"Use of the ideal protein concept for precision formulation of amino acid levels in broiler diets","volume":"6","author":"Emmert","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01735","article-title":"Effect of low-protein diets and single sex on production performance, plasma metabolites, digestibility, and nitrogen excretion in 1- to 48-day-old broilers","volume":"91","author":"Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1637\/10733-112513-Reg.1","article-title":"Evaluation of capillary and myofiber density in the pectoralis major muscles of rapidly growing, high-yield broiler chickens during increased heat stress","volume":"58","author":"Joiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2017.1302824","article-title":"Effect of different levels of lysine and threonine on carcass characteristics, intestinal microflora and growth performance of broiler chicks","volume":"16","author":"Kheiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/7.4.351","article-title":"Lysine levels in starter and grower-finisher diets affect broiler performance and carcass traits","volume":"7","author":"Kidd","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2016-0262","article-title":"Body conformation and internal organs characteristics of different commercial broiler lines","volume":"19","author":"Kokoszy\u0144ski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. de Cienc. Avic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew216","article-title":"White striping and woody breast myopathies in the modern poultry industry: a review","volume":"95","author":"Kuttappan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.1.118","article-title":"Lysine: specific effects of lysine on broiler production: comparison with threonine and valine","volume":"77","author":"Leclercq","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0700867","article-title":"Diet dilution and compensatory growth in broilers","volume":"70","author":"Leeson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.7.992","article-title":"Nutrition of the broiler chicken around the period of compensatory growth","volume":"76","author":"Leeson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib23","first-page":"317","article-title":"A comparative study of postnatal growth and organ development in some species of birds","volume":"47","author":"Lilja","year":"1983","journal-title":"Growth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey333","article-title":"White striping and wooden breast myopathies of broiler breast muscle is affected by time-limited feeding, genetic background, and egg storage","volume":"98","author":"Livingston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib25","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2010.e19","article-title":"Effect of diet dilution at early age on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chicks","volume":"9","author":"Rezaei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/1.1.33","article-title":"Growth performance, feed efficiency and the incidence of skeletal and metabolic disease in full-fed and feed restricted broiler and roaster chickens","volume":"1","author":"Robinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.9.1363","article-title":"Modeling energy utilization and growth parameter description for broiler chickens","volume":"84","author":"Sakomura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.12.1939","article-title":"Performance of broiler chicks fed various levels of dietary lysine and crude protein","volume":"82","author":"Sterling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.6.1045","article-title":"Performance of different broiler genotypes fed diets with varying levels of dietary crude protein and lysine","volume":"85","author":"Sterling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669408417734","article-title":"Weight of internal organs and carcase yield of early food restricted broilers","volume":"35","author":"Susbilla","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933911000249","article-title":"The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability","volume":"67","author":"Svihus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev296","article-title":"Effect of genotype, gender and feed restriction on growth, meat quality and the occurrence of white striping and wooden breast in broiler chickens","volume":"94","author":"Trocino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00626","article-title":"Dietary amino acid levels and feed restriction affect small intestinal development, mortality, and weight gain of male broilers","volume":"89","author":"Wijtten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2015.3729","article-title":"Effects of early dietary energy and protein dilution on growth performance, nutrient utilization and internal organs of broilers","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9020063","article-title":"Avian liver: the forgotten organ","volume":"9","author":"Zaefarian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfw002","article-title":"Effects of dietary lysine and methionine supplementation on Ross 708 male broilers from 21 to 42 d of age (I): growth performance, meat yield, and cost effectiveness","volume":"25","author":"Zhai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poul. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660600963438","article-title":"Effects of methionine and betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcase composition and metabolism of lipids in male broilers","volume":"47","author":"Zhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19960015","article-title":"Compensatory growth in the broiler chicken: a review","volume":"52","author":"Zubair","year":"1996","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-04291","article-title":"Growth, efficiency, and yield of commercial broilers from 1957, 1978, and 2005","volume":"93","author":"Zuidhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003257912030184X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003257912030184X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T22:27:41Z","timestamp":1758493661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003257912030184X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S003257912030184X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of broiler genetic strain and dietary amino acid reduction on (part I) growth performance and internal organ development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}