{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T03:30:16Z","timestamp":1773891016852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009313","name":"Australian Egg Corp Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T21:32:39Z","timestamp":1613424759000},"page":"101049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma upregulation and dietary fat levels in laying hens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Shahram","family":"Barzegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Swick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarbast K.","family":"Kheravii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingan","family":"Choct","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1790-6015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Biao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451100331X","article-title":"Rat liver mitochondrial membrane characteristics and mitochondrial functions are more profoundly altered by dietary lipid quantity than by dietary lipid quality: effect of different nutritional lipid patterns","volume":"107","author":"Aoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.08.007","article-title":"Effects of food restriction on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 and glucocorticoid receptor signaling in adipose tissues of normal rats","volume":"53","author":"Arai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.01.012","article-title":"Implementation of net energy evaluating system in layer hens: Validation by performance and egg quality","volume":"99","author":"Barzegar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5787","article-title":"Cell Biology Symposium: feed efficiency: mitochondrial function to global gene expression","volume":"91","author":"Bottje","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.05.028","article-title":"Energy balance and food intake: the role of PPAR\u03b3 gene polymorphisms","volume":"88","author":"Cecil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2017.05.022","article-title":"Gene expression patterns in Korean native ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) with different apparent metabolisable energy (AME) levels","volume":"202","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(90)90225-B","article-title":"Sequence and gene organization of the chicken mitochondrial genome: a novel gene order in higher vertebrates","volume":"212","author":"Desjardins","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00560-X","article-title":"Management of cellular energy by the AMP-activated protein kinase system","volume":"546","author":"Hardie","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17322","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism: a driver of energy utilisation and product quality?","volume":"57","author":"Hudson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib8","author":"Hy-Line"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4318","article-title":"Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors \u03b1 and \u03b3","volume":"94","author":"Kliewer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/115.5.675","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of lipids in poultry","volume":"115","author":"Krogdahl","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-230","article-title":"18S rRNA is a reliable normalisation gene for real time PCR based on influenza virus infected cells","volume":"9","author":"Kuchipudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.09.015","article-title":"Does membrane fatty acid composition modulate mitochondrial functions and their thermal sensitivities? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A","volume":"149","author":"Lemieux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02440","article-title":"AMP-kinase regulates food intake by responding to hormonal and nutrient signals in the hypothalamus","volume":"428","author":"Minokoshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R690","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90974.2008","article-title":"Olive oil-supplemented diet\u00a0alleviates acute heat stress-induced mitochondrial ROS production in chicken skeletal muscle","volume":"297","author":"Mujahid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib14","series-title":"Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes","author":"NHMRC","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079368","article-title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis in mammals: the role of endogenous nitric oxide","volume":"299","author":"Nisoli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.2.372","article-title":"Gene expression in breast muscle and duodenum from low and high feed efficient broilers","volume":"86","author":"Ojano-Dirain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0012","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1): transcriptional coactivator and metabolic regulator","volume":"24","author":"Puigserver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.2.263","article-title":"Effect of dietary fat level and polyunsaturated fatty acid content on the phospholipid composition of rat cardiac mitochondrial membranes and mitochondrial ATPase activity","volume":"114","author":"Robblee","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06527-y","article-title":"Downregulation of ALAS1 by nicarbazin treatment underlies the reduced synthesis of protoporphyrin IX in shell gland of laying hens","volume":"7","author":"Samiullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib19","series-title":"User's Guide 9.2","author":"SAS","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.8.1342","article-title":"Expression of the chicken peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 gene is influenced by aging, nutrition, and agonist administration","volume":"83","author":"Sato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2014-00937","article-title":"Function of the digestive system","volume":"23","author":"Svihus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-437X(95)80025-5","article-title":"Regulation of adipocyte gene expression and differentiation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor \u03b3","volume":"5","author":"Tontonoz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118703","article-title":"Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents","volume":"97","author":"Vidal-Puig","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.029009","article-title":"Endothermy in birds: underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"212","author":"Walter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.08.131","article-title":"Systematic selection of housekeeping genes for gene expression normalization in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Newcastle disease virus","volume":"413","author":"Yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579121000833?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579121000833?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T22:30:59Z","timestamp":1758493859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579121000833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579121000833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma upregulation and dietary fat levels in laying hens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101049"}}