{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:40:01Z","timestamp":1785537601872,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T01:15:22Z","timestamp":1630199722000},"page":"101457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Impact of experimentally induced bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness on health, stress, and leg health parameters in broilers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5653-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawna L.","family":"Weimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Wideman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin G.","family":"Scanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2405-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Mauromoustakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Vizzier-Thaxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.6.884","article-title":"Effects of feather processing methods on quantity of extracted corticosterone in broiler chickens","volume":"62","author":"Ataallahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01387.x","article-title":"Corticosterone in feathers is a long-term, integrated measure of avian stress physiology","volume":"22","author":"Bortolotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3184\/147020602783698421","article-title":"A review of the aetiology and pathology of leg weakness in broilers in relation to welfare","volume":"13","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Avian Poult. Biol. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00227-4","article-title":"Fever and tachycardia in a bird (Gallus domesticus) after simple handling","volume":"69","author":"Cabanac","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0691292","article-title":"Glucocorticoid activation of deoxyribonucleic acid degradation in bursal lymphocytes","volume":"69","author":"Compton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.146.11.307","article-title":"Self-selection of the analgesic drug carprofen by lame broiler chickens","volume":"146","author":"Danbury","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0618","article-title":"The role of thermography in the management of equine lameness","volume":"162","author":"Eddy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.06.020","article-title":"Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens","volume":"119","author":"Edgar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2011.10.023","article-title":"Pain issues in poultry","volume":"135","author":"Gentle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03781","article-title":"Evaluating portable wire-flooring models for inducing bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers","volume":"93","author":"Gilley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0590516","article-title":"Some effects of feeding corticosterone to chickens","volume":"59","author":"Gross","year":"1980","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-017-3836-1","article-title":"An evaluation of feather corticosterone as a biomarker of fitness and an ecologically relevant stressor during breeding in the wild","volume":"183","author":"Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oecologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(88)80004-6","article-title":"Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals","volume":"12","author":"Hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.09.032","article-title":"Skin temperature reveals the intensity of acute stress","volume":"152","author":"Herborn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.5.654","article-title":"The effects of dexamethasone immunosuppression on turkey osteomyelitis complex in an experimental Escherichia coli respiratory infection","volume":"77","author":"Huff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0016","first-page":"253","article-title":"The use of infrared thermography in the identification of pododermatitis in broilers","volume":"36","author":"Jacob","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Braz. Assoc. Agri. Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.2307\/1591774","article-title":"Blood oxygen concentration of fast-growing and slow-growing broiler chickens, and chickens with ascites from right ventricular failure","volume":"36","author":"Julian","year":"1992","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.4.650","article-title":"Nutritional modulation of immune function in broilers","volume":"83","author":"Kidd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1273","article-title":"Neurobiological basis of sensory perception: welfare implications of beak trimming","volume":"86","author":"Kuenzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3020356","article-title":"Impact of heat stress on poultry production","volume":"3","author":"Lara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2014.882884","article-title":"Effect of immune stress on growth performance and energy metabolism of broiler chickens","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Agri. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.1.123","article-title":"Free diet selection by broilers as influenced by dietary macronutrient ratio and corticosterone supplementation. 1. Diet selection, organ weights, and plasma metabolites","volume":"82","author":"Malheiros","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.24.668","article-title":"Effect of carprofen in lameness in broiler chickens","volume":"144","author":"McGeown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450050118386","article-title":"Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (femoral head necrosis\u2019) of broiler chickens: a review","volume":"29","author":"McNamee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.05.025","article-title":"Hot chicks, cold feet","volume":"179","author":"Moe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.12.003","article-title":"Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare","volume":"92","author":"Morm\u00e8de","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2008-00061","article-title":"Impact of lameness on broiler well-being","volume":"18","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4s","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0028","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.3.363","article-title":"Model of physiological stress in chickens. 1. Response parameters","volume":"79","author":"Puvadolpirod","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"003","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669508417748","article-title":"Stress, strains and resistance","volume":"36","author":"Siegel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(99)00102-1","article-title":"The behaviour of broiler chickens and its modification by lameness","volume":"67","author":"Weeks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0032","first-page":"762","article-title":"New method for objectively assessing lameness in broiler chickens","volume":"151","author":"Weeks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey204","article-title":"An evaluation of methods for measuring stress in broiler chickens","volume":"97","author":"Weimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey538","article-title":"The utility of infrared thermography for evaluating lameness attributable to bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis","volume":"98","author":"Weimer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.028","article-title":"Broiler stress responses to light intensity, flooring type, and leg weakness as assessed by heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, serum corticosterone, infrared thermography, and latency to lie","volume":"99","author":"Weimer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02386","article-title":"Dexamethasone triggers lameness associated with necrosis of the proximal tibial head and proximal femoral head in broilers","volume":"91","author":"Wideman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01907","article-title":"A wire flooring model for inducing lameness in broilers: evaluation of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment","volume":"91","author":"Wideman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0038","article-title":"Bone circulatory disturbances in the development of spontaneous bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis: a translational model for the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis","volume":"3","author":"Wideman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev320","article-title":"Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis and lameness in broilers: a review","volume":"95","author":"Wideman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1349872","article-title":"Pathological and microbiological investigations into cases of bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis in broiler poultry","volume":"46","author":"Wijesurendra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0041","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone and dietary energy on immune functions of broiler chickens","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew466","article-title":"Bone characteristics, histopathology, and chondrocyte apoptosis in femoral head necrosis induced by glucocorticoid in broilers","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579121004806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579121004806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T22:38:46Z","timestamp":1758494326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579121004806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579121004806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of experimentally induced bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness on health, stress, and leg health parameters in broilers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101457","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101457"}}