{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:53:01Z","timestamp":1777870381553,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20190537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20190537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T04:24:39Z","timestamp":1659587079000},"page":"102108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An evaluation of graded levels of beta-sitosterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology in broiler chickens at an early age"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2018.12.002","article-title":"\u0392eta-sitosterol enhances motor coordination, attenuates memory loss and demyelination in a vanadium-induced model of experimental neurotoxicity","volume":"26","author":"Adebiyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108112","article-title":"Antiinflammatory effect of phytosterols in experimental murine colitis model: prevention, induction, remission study","volume":"9","author":"Aldini","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00697","article-title":"Anti-Alzheimer's studies on \u03b2-sitosterol isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L","volume":"8","author":"Ayaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173004","article-title":"Beta-sitosterol attenuates insulin resistance in adipose tissue via IRS-1\/Akt mediated insulin signaling in high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic rats","volume":"873","author":"Babu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040525","article-title":"Dietary oxidative distress: a review of nutritional challenges as models for poultry, swine and fish","volume":"10","author":"Bacou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaost.2020.12.003","article-title":"Phytosterols in edible oil: distribution, analysis and variation during processing","volume":"4","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Grain Oil Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2011.1780","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol prevents lipid peroxidation and improves antioxidant status and histoarchitecture in rats with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer","volume":"15","author":"Baskar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-10-24","article-title":"Chemopreventive potential of beta-sitosterol in experimental colon cancer model\u2013an in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"10","author":"Baskar","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42726-9","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of the intestinal absorption and metabolism of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol in the rat","volume":"9","author":"Borgstr\u00f6m","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.02.003","article-title":"Phytosterols: physiologic and metabolic aspects related to cholesterol-lowering properties","volume":"28","author":"Brufau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016","article-title":"Oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Burton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1021\/jf404955n","article-title":"Algal sterols are as effective as \u03b2-sitosterol in reducing plasma cholesterol concentration","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10003","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04386","article-title":"Serum cholesterol-lowering activity of \u03b2-sitosterol laurate is attributed to the reduction of both cholesterol absorption and bile acids reabsorption in hamsters","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01271-w","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol attenuates liver injury in a rat model of chronic alcohol intake","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9030071","article-title":"Dietary \u03b2-sitosterol improves growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, and mitochondrial biogenesis of breast muscle in broilers","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.10.025","article-title":"Dietary \u03b2-sitosterol regulates serum lipid level and improves immune function, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology in broilers","volume":"99","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/101.3.289","article-title":"Reducing the egg cholesterol level by including emulsified sitosterol in standard chicken diet","volume":"101","author":"Clarenburg","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.05.009","article-title":"Effects of dietary phytosterols and soy saponins on growth, feed utilization efficiency and intestinal integrity of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles","volume":"432","author":"Couto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2005.05.003","article-title":"A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress","volume":"15","author":"Del Rio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01810-8","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and chronic liver injury in rats","volume":"393","author":"Devaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27853","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol improves experimental colitis in mice with a target against pathogenic bacteria","volume":"120","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101096","article-title":"Effects of phytosterol supplementation on growth performance, serum lipid, proinflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, and meat quality of white feather broilers","volume":"100","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12560","article-title":"Phytosterols and their derivatives: potential health-promoting uses against lipid metabolism and associated diseases, mechanism, and safety issues","volume":"19","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2018.08.004","article-title":"Intake of stigmasterol and \u03b2-sitosterol alters lipid metabolism and alleviates NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat western-style diet","volume":"1863","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO00375G","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol and stigmasterol ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice fed a high fat Western-style diet","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.07.036","article-title":"Effects of phytosterols supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microflora of yellow-feather broilers","volume":"99","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.04.017","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of beta-sitosterol in pig immune responses","volume":"13","author":"Fraile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(91)90067-M","article-title":"A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range","volume":"196","author":"G\u00f3th","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00437-1","article-title":"Comparison of an array of in vitro assays for the assessment of the estrogenic potential of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens","volume":"166","author":"Gutendorf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.737889","article-title":"Effects of supplemental phytosterol on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes and lipid metabolism of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high lipid diet","volume":"551","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00737.x","article-title":"Comparison of intestinal absorption of cholesterol with different plant sterols in man","volume":"23","author":"Heinemann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E23","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21588","article-title":"Clinical significance of serum diamine oxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease: importance of evaluation of small intestinal permeability","volume":"17","author":"Honzawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8333","article-title":"Phytosterols on growth performance, antioxidant enzymes and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets","volume":"97","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8277","article-title":"Phytosterols improve immunity and exert anti-inflammatory activity in weaned piglets","volume":"97","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(78)90049-7","article-title":"Comparison of absorption and metabolism of beta-sitosterol and beta-sitostanol in rats","volume":"30","author":"Ikeda","year":"1978","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0036","article-title":"An overview of health challenges in alternative poultry production systems","volume":"100","author":"Jeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1021\/jf053188k","article-title":"Common sources and estimated intake of plant sterols in the Spanish diet","volume":"54","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Escrig","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300433","article-title":"\u03b2-Sitosterol attenuates high-fat diet-induced intestinal inflammation in mice by inhibiting the binding of lipopolysaccharide to toll-like receptor 4 in the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90479-4","article-title":"Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"186","author":"Kono","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0040","first-page":"9","article-title":"The Bradford method for protein quantitation","volume":"32","author":"Kruger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.12.004","article-title":"Sitosterol prevents obesity-related chronic inflammation","volume":"1863","author":"Kurano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S260600","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of D-lactate pathophysiology: new insights into the mechanisms involved and the many areas in need of further investigation","volume":"13","author":"Levitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0043","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effects of phytosterols on growth performance and fat metabolism in broilers","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17668","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17668","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol interacts with pneumolysin to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10748","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b04555","article-title":"Identification of \u03b2-sitosterol as in vitro anti-inflammatory constituent in Moringa oleifera","volume":"66","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00249","article-title":"Effect of plant sterol-enriched diets on plasma and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol metabolism in laying hens","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.09.008","article-title":"Glutathione synthesis","volume":"1830","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109836","article-title":"Diamine oxidase (histaminase). A circulating marker for rat intestinal mucosal maturation and integrity","volume":"66","author":"Luk","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.12.017","article-title":"Common sources and composition of phytosterols and their estimated intake by the population in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"29","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00060","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the poultry gut: potential challenges and interventions","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0051","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/6.3.344","article-title":"Posthatch development in poultry","volume":"6","author":"Noy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4123","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.4123","article-title":"On the peroxyl radical scavenging ability of \u03b2-sitosterol in lipid media: a theoretical study","volume":"34","author":"Ortiz-escarza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phy. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00399.x","article-title":"Beyond cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterols: clinical and experimental evidence of anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"69","author":"Othman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0940705","article-title":"A colorimetric micro-method for the determination of glutathione","volume":"94","author":"Owens","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90167-9","article-title":"Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems","volume":"16","author":"Placer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2019.02.003","article-title":"Plant-based sterols and stanols in health & disease: \"consequences of human development in a plant-based environment?\"","volume":"74","author":"Plat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082810","article-title":"Phytosterols, cholesterol control, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Poli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.7.5.702","article-title":"Reduction of blood cholesterol in man","volume":"7","author":"Pollak","year":"1953","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2018.1545815","article-title":"In silico and in vivo analysis to identify the antidiabetic activity of beta sitosterol in adipose tissue of high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic experimental rats","volume":"29","author":"Ponnulakshmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106315","article-title":"Metabolism of beta-sitosterol in man","volume":"49","author":"Salen","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00021-1","article-title":"The safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 6. The comparative absorption and tissue distribution of phytosterols in the rat","volume":"38","author":"Sanders","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.068","article-title":"Phytosterols as a natural anticancer agent: current status and future perspective","volume":"88","author":"Shahzad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00254","article-title":"Chicken gut microbiota: importance and detection technology","volume":"5","author":"Shang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.12.012","article-title":"Incorporation of beta-sitosterol into the membrane increases resistance to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation via estrogen receptor-mediated PI3K\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling","volume":"1830","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative stress","volume":"86","author":"Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2008-00141","article-title":"Impact of stocking density and feeding regimen on broilers: chicken meat composition, fatty acids, and serum cholesterol levels","volume":"18","author":"Simsek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200390033","article-title":"Proposed mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering action of plant sterols","volume":"105","author":"Trautwein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.025","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol modulates antioxidant enzyme response in RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"39","author":"Vivancos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1139\/o61-189","article-title":"The effect of diet, age, and sex on cholesterol metabolism in white leghorn chickens","volume":"39","author":"Wood","year":"1961","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010171","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol attenuates high grain diet-induced inflammatory stress and modifies rumen fermentation and microbiota in sheep","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8080334","article-title":"Phytosterol contents of edible oils and their contributions to estimated phytosterol intake in the Chinese diet","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00091","article-title":"Factors affecting intestinal health in poultry","volume":"87","author":"Yegani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.03.073","article-title":"Beta-sitosterol and its derivatives repress lipopolysaccharide\/D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury by inhibiting the oxidation and inflammation in mice","volume":"28","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.2000895","article-title":"Effects of dietary phytosterols supplementation on serum parameters, nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme of white feather broilers","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103715","article-title":"Differences between phytosterols with different structures in regulating cholesterol synthesis, transport and metabolism in Caco-2 cells","volume":"65","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101640","article-title":"Dietary palygorskite-based antibacterial agent supplementation as an alternative to antibiotic improves growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and immunity in broiler chickens","volume":"101","author":"Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez059","article-title":"Effects of dietary phytosterols on growth performance, antioxidant status, and meat quality in Partridge Shank chickens","volume":"98","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0403-9","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol ameliorates influenza A virus-induced proinflammatory response and acute lung injury in mice by disrupting the cross-talk between RIG-I and IFN\/STAT signaling","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579122003972?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579122003972?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T22:46:39Z","timestamp":1758494799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579122003972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579122003972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An evaluation of graded levels of beta-sitosterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology in broiler chickens at an early age","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102108","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102108"}}