{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:19:34Z","timestamp":1790216374264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T02:23:36Z","timestamp":1673403816000},"page":"102473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Samson","family":"Oladokun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5519-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Adewole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101988","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of postbiotic, probiotic, and antibiotic against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens","volume":"101","author":"Abd El-Ghany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040787","article-title":"Gut microbiota dynamics, growth performance, and gut morphology in broiler chickens fed diets varying in energy density with or without bacitracin methylene disalicylate (Bmd)","volume":"9","author":"Adewole","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2021-0075","article-title":"Effect of dietary folic acid and energy density on immune response, gut morphology, and oxidative status in blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens","volume":"102","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12110","article-title":"The Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria probiotics influences intestinal mucin gene expression, histomorphology and growth performance in broilers","volume":"25","author":"Aliakbarpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00105","article-title":"Effects of in ovo inoculation of multi-strain lactobacilli on cytokine gene expression and antibody-mediated immune responses in chickens","volume":"7","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms9112205","article-title":"Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on diets supplemented with a synbiotic containing Enterococcus faecium and oligosaccharides","volume":"9","author":"Awad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2009.00933.x","article-title":"Effect of addition of a probiotic micro-organism to broiler diet on intestinal mucosal architecture and electrophysiological parameters","volume":"94","author":"Awad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew246","article-title":"Supplemental effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis fmbJ on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens","volume":"96","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02813","article-title":"Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Bai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0010","unstructured":"Bajagai et\u00a0al. 2016. Probiotics in animal nutrition - Production, impact and regulation. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216853","article-title":"Oregano powder reduces Streptococcus and increases SCFA concentration in a mixed bacterial culture assay","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2688-3","article-title":"Importance of the gastrointestinal life cycle of Bacillus for probiotic functionality","volume":"54","author":"Bernardeau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113293","article-title":"Modulation of intestinal histology by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics delivered in ovo in distinct chicken genotypes","volume":"11","author":"Bogus\u0142awska-Tryk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz037","article-title":"GenPipes: an open-source framework for distributed and scalable genomic analyses","volume":"8","author":"Bourgey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16645055","article-title":"Probiotics modify tight-junction proteins in an animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Briskey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.07.022","article-title":"The effect of selected microbial strains on internal milieu of broiler chickens after peroral administration","volume":"91","author":"Capcarova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5254","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00580-08","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis spores germinate in the chicken gastrointestinal tract","volume":"74","author":"Cartman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.002","article-title":"In ovo inoculation of an Enterococcus faecium\u2013based product to enhance broiler hatchability, live performance, and intestinal morphology","volume":"99","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101125","article-title":"In ovo administration of Bacillus subtilis serotypes effect hatchability, 21-day performance, and intestinal microflora","volume":"100","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00249","article-title":"History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds","volume":"86","author":"Castanon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669888719","article-title":"Performance of broiler chickens supplemented with Bacillus coagulons as probiotic","volume":"39","author":"Cavazzoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.19.0427","article-title":"Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0026","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of chicken gut microbiota for improving metabolism and health of chickens - a review","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2014-0057","article-title":"Chicken intestinal microbiota function with a special emphasis on the role of probiotic bacteria","volume":"17","author":"Cisek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0024","unstructured":"Cobb. 2018. Cobb500 Broiler Performance & Nutrition Supplement.:1\u201314 Available at chrome-extension:\/\/efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj\/https:\/\/www.cobb-vantress.com\/assets\/5a88f2e793\/Broiler-Performance-Nutrition-Supplement.pdf (verified 26 September 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2014.0062","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of probiotics in poultry and potential in ovo application","volume":"6","author":"Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091086","article-title":"Productive performance, serum antioxidant status, tissue selenium deposition, and gut health analysis of broiler chickens supplemented with selenium and probiotics\u2014a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01293","article-title":"The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens","volume":"91","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03409","article-title":"In ovo inoculation of chicken embryos with probiotic bacteria and its effect on posthatch Salmonella susceptibility","volume":"93","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W180","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx295","article-title":"MicrobiomeAnalyst: a web-based tool for comprehensive statistical, visual and meta-analysis of microbiome data","volume":"45","author":"Dhariwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00282","article-title":"Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives","volume":"5","author":"Diarra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.4.2161-2171.2004","article-title":"Characterization of bacillus probiotics available for human use","volume":"70","author":"Duc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0032","series-title":"Early administration of probiotics through in ovo inoculation and their impact on gut microflora, immune response, and growth performance of broiler chicks","author":"Duneska","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.1.179","article-title":"Principles of ex ovo competitive exclusion and in ovo administration of Lactobacillus reuteri","volume":"76","author":"Edens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.21608\/zvjz.2016.7875","article-title":"Effect of phytobiotics, probiotics and toltrazuril on chicken Coccidiosis","volume":"44","author":"Elkhouly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zagazig Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-09549-2","article-title":"Assessment of In ovo administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum on performance, Ileal Histomorphometry, blood hematological, and biochemical parameters of broilers","volume":"12","author":"El-Moneim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0036","first-page":"18","article-title":"Effect of probiotics and acidifiers on carcass yield, internal organs, cuts and meat to bone ratio of broiler chicken","volume":"9","author":"E Malik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0037","first-page":"1","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0038","first-page":"9","article-title":"Development of small intestinal morphology on the basis of growth and absorption rate in broiler chicken (Cobb 500) of Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Faruq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2008-00133","article-title":"Feeding beneficial bacteria: a natural solution for increasing efficiency and decreasing pathogens in animal agriculture","volume":"18","author":"Flint","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668508416791","article-title":"Effect of the gut microflora on chick growth and utilisation of protein and energy at different concentrations of dietary protein","volume":"26","author":"Furuse","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252316000207","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review","volume":"18","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Heal. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9275-9","article-title":"The effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immune status, and epithelial barrier gene expression in broiler chickens","volume":"9","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2018.1464117","article-title":"Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial antibiotic alternatives to enhance growth, immunity, and gut health in poultry","volume":"47","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/14.4.750","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production","volume":"14","author":"Griggs","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.680742","article-title":"Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus coagulans supplementation modulates intestinal immunity and microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0046","article-title":"Effect of novel Lactobacillus paracaesi microcapsule on growth performance, gut health and microbiome community of broiler chickens","volume":"8","author":"Gyawali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00161-06","article-title":"Probiotics stimulate production of natural antibodies in chickens","volume":"13","author":"Haghighi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00013","article-title":"Effect of feeding Bacillus subtilis spores to broilers challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Brazilian strain UFPR1 on performance, immune response, and gut health","volume":"5","author":"Hayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.2013738","article-title":"Lactobacilli spp. and Zataria multiflora essence as antibiotic substituent on broiler health and performance parameters","volume":"21","author":"Hedayati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081264","article-title":"A review of antimicrobial resistance in poultry farming within low-resource settings","volume":"10","author":"Hedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0440830","article-title":"The role of Streptococcus Faecalis in the antibiotic growth effect in","volume":"44","author":"Huhtanen","year":"1965","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0052","first-page":"2","article-title":"Haematological and biochemical characteristics of broiler finisher fed different feed forms (pelleted and mash)","volume":"12","author":"Ilo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. and Sus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-04086","article-title":"Effect of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance, noxious gas emission, and intestinal microflora in broilers","volume":"93","author":"Jeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Parameters and techniques to determine intestinal health of poultry as constituted by immunity, integrity, and functionality","volume":"3","author":"Jeurissen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2004.361.364","article-title":"The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers","volume":"3","author":"Kabir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2017.609.426","article-title":"Effect of organic acid salts as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the production performance of commercial broiler chicken","volume":"6","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2012.04.001","article-title":"The effect of peppermint essential oil and fructooligosaccharides, as alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, digestibility, gut morphology and immune response of male broilers","volume":"175","author":"Khodambashi Emami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0058","article-title":"Investigating the probiotic characteristics of four microbial strains with potential application in feed industry","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01056","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis (DSM17299) significantly reduces Salmonella in broilers","volume":"90","author":"Knap","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-58","article-title":"Feeding of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 differentially affects shedding of enteric viruses in pigs","volume":"43","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.1994.9706038","article-title":"Influence of egg weight on hatching indices and posthatching growth of white rock X red cornish broilers at 1200m altitude","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.5.640","article-title":"Effects of broiler breeder age and length of egg storage on albumen characteristics and hatchability","volume":"78","author":"Lap\u00e3o","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03809","article-title":"Evaluation of germination, distribution, and persistence of Bacillus subtilis spores through the gastrointestinal tract of chickens","volume":"93","author":"Latorre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.115080","article-title":"In ovo inoculation of probiotics for broiler chickens: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"280","author":"Le\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.07.021","article-title":"Effects of salinomycin and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chickens","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.1.63","article-title":"Influence of Pediococcus-based probiotic on coccidiosis in broiler chickens","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0067","series-title":"Scott's nutrition of the chicken","author":"Leeson","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms5010011","article-title":"The food production environment and the development of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens of animal origin","volume":"5","author":"Lekshmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01968","article-title":"Erratum: intestinal morphologic and microbiota responses to dietary Bacillusspp. in a broiler chicken model","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6816","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.11.6816-6824.2003","article-title":"Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken","volume":"69","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2016.1237766","article-title":"Ileal MUC2 gene expression and microbial population, but not growth performance and immune response, are influenced by in ovo injection of probiotics in broiler chickens","volume":"58","author":"Majidi-Mosleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2016-0288","article-title":"Effects of in ovo infusion of probiotic strains on performance parameters, jejunal bacterial population and mucin gene expression in broiler chicken","volume":"19","author":"Majidi-Mosleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/6.3.260","article-title":"In ovo injection of competitive exclusion culture in broiler hatching eggs","volume":"6","author":"Meijerhof","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081548","article-title":"Chicken gut microbiota responses to dietary Bacillus subtilis Probiotic in the presence and absence of Eimeria infection","volume":"10","author":"Memon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-015-0051-7","article-title":"Deciphering chicken gut microbial dynamics based on high-throughput 16S rRNA metagenomics analyses","volume":"7","author":"Mohd Shaufi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.2.309","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities","volume":"86","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.2.309","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities","volume":"86","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00308","article-title":"Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition","volume":"89","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-086","article-title":"Antibiotic residues in chicken meat: global prevalence, threats, and decontamination strategies: a review","volume":"81","author":"Muaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02306","article-title":"Local and systemic innate immunity in broiler chickens supplemented with yeast-derived carbohydrates","volume":"91","author":"Munyaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005103","article-title":"Probiotic alternatives to reduce gastrointestinal infections: the poultry experience","volume":"6","author":"Nava","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Heal. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0082","first-page":"599","article-title":"Effect of probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in broilers","volume":"26","author":"Nawaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982012001100012","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) as additive to improve performance in broiler chicken diets","volume":"41","author":"Nunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12608","article-title":"The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome","volume":"360","author":"Oakley","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0086","first-page":"135","article-title":"The effect of probiotic and prebiotic feed supplementation on chicken health and gut microflora\u00a0: a review","volume":"4","author":"Ohimain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0087","article-title":"Effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, and immune status of broiler chickens","volume":"115","author":"Oladokun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci Annual Meetings."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2020.06.002","article-title":"In ovo delivery of bioactive substances: an alternative to the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production\u2014a review","volume":"29","author":"Oladokun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10050861","article-title":"Microbiota and transcriptomic effects of an essential oil blend and its delivery route compared to an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler chickens","volume":"10","author":"Oladokun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.10.063","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis delivery route: effect on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens","volume":"100","author":"Oladokun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123386","article-title":"Essential oil delivery route: effect on broiler chicken's growth performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, immune, and antioxidant status","volume":"11","author":"Oladokun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.51791\/njap.v48i1.2895","article-title":"Evaluation of the performance characteristics, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed Lacto acidophilus\u00aeas a replacement for a commercial antibiotic","volume":"48","author":"Opoola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Niger. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/80.5.592","article-title":"Sodium and chloride requirements of young broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets (one to twenty-one days of age)","volume":"80","author":"Oviedo-Rond\u00f3n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001833","article-title":"Effect of different levels of crude glycerol on the morphology and some pathogenic bacteria of the small intestine in male broilers","volume":"8","author":"Ozdogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.4.627","article-title":"Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production","volume":"82","author":"Patterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0096","unstructured":"Peebles, E. D. 2019. In ovo development of the chicken gut microbiome and its impact on later gut function. Accessed October 20, 2022.https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.1201\/9780429266713-5\/ovo-development-chicken-gut-microbiome-impact-later-gut-function-david-peebles:95\u2013120."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2016.0080","article-title":"Effects of in ovo supplementation of probiotics on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks to an Eimeria challenge","volume":"7","author":"Pender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew381","article-title":"In ovo supplementation of probiotics and its effects on performance and immune-related gene expression in broiler chicks","volume":"96","author":"Pender","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669108417332","article-title":"Relationship between the weight of hatching eggs and subsequent early performance of broiler chicks","volume":"32","author":"Pinchasov","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0100","first-page":"29","article-title":"Sodium and potassium in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Pohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Met. Ions Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.03.004","article-title":"Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 on gut microbiota modulation in broilers","volume":"4","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00523","article-title":"Influence of prestorage incubation on embryonic development, hatchability, and chick quality","volume":"88","author":"Reijrink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.11.1459","article-title":"Effects of short storage conditions and broiler breeder age on hatchability, hatching time, and chick weights","volume":"76","author":"Reis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.32.3.39","article-title":"Canadian council on animal care: its role","volume":"32","author":"Rowsell","year":"1990","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000265","article-title":"The immune-genes regulation mediated mechanisms of probiotics to control salmonella infection in chicken","volume":"73","author":"Royan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Worlds. Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.05.021","article-title":"Effect of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 to broiler diets on growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microbiology and small intestinal morphology","volume":"93","author":"Sen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(90)90722-5","article-title":"Effects of genetic selection on growth rate and intestinal structure in the domestic fowl (Callus domesticus)","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. \u2013 Part A Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-5646-2","article-title":"Microbiota of the chicken gastrointestinal tract: influence on health, productivity and disease","volume":"98","author":"Stanley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2014-00937","article-title":"Function of the digestive system","volume":"23","author":"Svihus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01165","article-title":"Broiler performance, hatching egg, and age relationships of progeny from standard and dwarf broiler dams","volume":"90","author":"Tahir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131978","article-title":"Chicken Caecal Microbiome modifications induced by campylobacter Jejuni colonization and by a non-antibiotic feed additive","volume":"10","author":"Thibodeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.3.444","article-title":"Performance and condemnation rate analysis of commercial turkey flocks treated with a Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic","volume":"86","author":"Torres-Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0520197","article-title":"Influence of the implantation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicks on the growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fats syndrome and intestinal flora","volume":"52","author":"Tortuero","year":"1973","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex317","article-title":"Investigating commercial in ovo technology as a strategy for introducing probiotic bacteria to broiler embryos","volume":"97","author":"Triplett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0115","unstructured":"Uni, Z.; Ferket, P. 2003. Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding of enteric modulators. Google Patents. United States Patent US 6:592\u2013878."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0116","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Potential of probiotics in poultry production","volume":"6","author":"Untoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"entomoljournal.com"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw1944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1944","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"365","author":"Van Boeckel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00145-X","article-title":"Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics: links between animals and humans","volume":"14","author":"Van Den Bogaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00057","article-title":"Benefits and inputs from lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters during food-animal production","volume":"10","author":"Vieco-Saiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00889","article-title":"Effects of dietary polyphenol-rich grape products on intestinal microflora and gut morphology in broiler chicks","volume":"90","author":"Viveros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfy080","article-title":"Evaluation of spray-dried plasma in broiler diets with or without bacitracin methylene disalicylate","volume":"28","author":"Walters","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0122","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of probiotics on the meat flavour and gut microbiota of chicken","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19910002","article-title":"Interrelationships of egg size, chick size, posthatching growth and hatchability","volume":"47","author":"Wilson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Worlds. Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey368","article-title":"Effects of dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation on growth performance and cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121110","article-title":"Effects of different probiotics on laying performance, egg quality, oxidative status, and gut health in laying hens","volume":"9","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933909000087","article-title":"Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Worlds. Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-018-0483-8","article-title":"Microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancers: exploring a common ground hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0128","first-page":"134","article-title":"MUCIN2 gene expression in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by dietary essential oils","volume":"23","author":"Zeinali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bulg. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01798","article-title":"Probiotic mixture golden Bifido prevents neonatal Escherichia coli K1 translocation via enhancing intestinal defense","volume":"8","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060624","article-title":"Effects of clostridium butyricum-and bacillus spp.-based potential probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and caecal microbiota in broilers","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061523","article-title":"Modulatory effects of Bacillus subtilis on the performance, morphology, cecal microbiota and gut barrier function of laying hens","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","article-title":"Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579122007672?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579122007672?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T22:47:12Z","timestamp":1758494832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579122007672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579122007672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102473","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102473"}}