{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:35:33Z","timestamp":1787884533927,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009973","name":"Biomin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUA 06.0047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUA 06.0047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T11:15:47Z","timestamp":1680088547000},"page":"102675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5401-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Griela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-5604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos C.","family":"Mountzouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/403835","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by inorganic fluoride","volume":"2012","author":"Agalakova","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of dietary thymol and carvacrol preparation and\/or an organic acid blend on growth performance, digestive organs and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens","volume":"13","author":"Akyurek","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJMR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0003","first-page":"125","article-title":"Potential roles of mTOR and protein degradation pathways in the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency in broilers","volume":"3","author":"Bottje","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6244","article-title":"A mixture of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and capsicum oleoresin improves energy utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed maize-based diet","volume":"92","author":"Bravo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2015.11.005","article-title":"Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on the gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and intestinal development of broilers","volume":"1","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew022","article-title":"Interactive effects of dietary protein concentration and aflatoxin B1 on performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in broiler chicks","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572009000300013","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-kB 1 (NF-kBp50) by RNA interference in chicken macrophage HD11 cell line challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis","volume":"32","author":"Chiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0079-7","article-title":"Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens","volume":"7","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0538-6","article-title":"Biomarkers for monitoring intestinal health in poultry: present status and future perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Ducatelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-019-0227-2","article-title":"Toll-like receptors activation, signaling, and targeting: an overview","volume":"43","author":"El-Zayat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Res. Cent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134529","article-title":"TLR3 controls constitutive IFN-\u03b2 antiviral immunity in human fibroblasts and cortical neurons","volume":"131","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009585","article-title":"An NF-kB-dependent role for JunB in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells","volume":"5","author":"Gomard","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030739","article-title":"Effects of diet and phytogenic inclusion on the antioxidant capacity of the broiler chicken gut","volume":"11","author":"Griela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R19","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-2-r19","article-title":"qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data","volume":"8","author":"Hellemans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz019","article-title":"Dietary protein and changes in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort","volume":"3","author":"Hruby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.17.0657","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of phytogenics in chickens and pigs \u2014 a review","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-62-297-2019","article-title":"Effect of a low-energy and enzyme-supplemented diet on broiler chicken growth, carcass traits and meat quality","volume":"62","author":"Hussein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Anim Breed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00929-2","article-title":"TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival","volume":"115","author":"Inoki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02747","article-title":"Differential expression of Toll-like receptor genes in lymphoid tissues between Marek's disease virus-infected and noninfected chickens","volume":"92","author":"Jie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.12.004","article-title":"TLR signaling","volume":"19","author":"Kawai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00461","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling pathways","volume":"5","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00568-0","article-title":"Progress of amino acid nutrition for diet protein reduction in poultry","volume":"12","author":"Kidd","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00121","article-title":"Gene expression analysis of Toll-like receptor pathways in heterophils from genetic chicken lines that differ in their susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis","volume":"3","author":"Kogut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.017","article-title":"MTOR signaling in growth control and disease","volume":"149","author":"Laplante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9732-x","article-title":"Thymol inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammatory response via down-regulation of NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways in mouse mammary epithelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Signal Transduct. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0120176","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of non-antibiotic alternatives in coccidia challenged broiler chickens","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00254-09","article-title":"Expression profiles of genes in toll-like receptor-mediated signaling of broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.031","article-title":"Phosphorylation and functional inactivation of TSC2 by Erk: implications for tuberous sclerosis and cancer pathogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13112","article-title":"Dietary probiotic form modulates broiler gut microbiota indices and expression of gut barrier genes including essential components for gut homeostasis","volume":"103","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.04.003","article-title":"Priming of intestinal cytoprotective genes and antioxidant capacity by dietary phytogenic inclusion in broilers","volume":"6","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.020","article-title":"Assessment of a phytogenic feed additive effect on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal microflora composition","volume":"168","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0033","first-page":"21","article-title":"Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens","volume":"2","author":"Murugesan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.10.1478","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein level on the broiler chicken's response to methionine and betaine supplements 1","volume":"79","author":"Neto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0150113","article-title":"Phytogenic administration and reduction of dietary energy and protein levels affects growth performance, nutrient digestibility and antioxidant status of broilers","volume":"53","author":"Paraskeuas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey588","article-title":"Modulation of broiler gut microbiota and gene expression of Toll-like receptors and tight junction proteins by diet type and inclusion of phytogenics","volume":"98","author":"Paraskeuas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9386","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009386","article-title":"Caloric restriction shortens lifespan through an increase in lipid peroxidation, inflammation and apoptosis in the G93A mouse, an animal model of ALS","volume":"5","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13282","article-title":"Role of acidifiers in livestock nutrition and health: a review","volume":"104","author":"Pearlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2108362","article-title":"The use of some herbal plants as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry nutrition","volume":"78","author":"Rafeeq","year":"2022","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.09.043","article-title":"Dietary effect of probiotics and prebiotics on broiler performance, carcass, and immunity","volume":"99","author":"Rehman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737744","article-title":"Toll-like receptor's two-edged sword: when immunity meets apoptosis","volume":"37","author":"Salaun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106148","article-title":"Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt\/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex","volume":"307","author":"Sarbassov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.07.006","article-title":"Effects of physical form of diet and intensity and duration of feed restriction on the growth performance, blood variables, microbial flora, immunity, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens","volume":"180","author":"Shabani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swaggerty, C. L., C. Bortoluzzi, A. Lee, C. Eyng, G. Dal Pont, and M.H. Kogut, 2020. Potential replacements for antibiotic growth promoters in poultry: interactions at the gut level and their impact on host immunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1354. G. Wu, ed. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism.Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85686-1_8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2016.03.016","article-title":"Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation on Campylobacter jejuni colonisation, performance and gut health following an experimental challenge in 10 day old chicks","volume":"37","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0047","first-page":"52","article-title":"Effect of energy levels and sources on the blood attributes and immune response in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress","volume":"8","author":"Taleb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/567327","article-title":"Effects of zearalenone on IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-\u03b3 mRNA levels in the splenic lymphocytes of chickens","volume":"2012","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestion, and immune response in broiler-fed diets with two different levels of crude protein","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00403","article-title":"Dual role of Fas\/FasL-mediated signal in peripheral immune tolerance","volume":"8","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933909000087","article-title":"Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-0954-x","article-title":"Targeting PI3K in cancer: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072346","article-title":"Understanding MAPK signaling pathways in apoptosis","volume":"21","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006189","article-title":"Insulin stimulates adipogenesis through the Akt-TSC2-mTORC1 pathway","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.692839","article-title":"Progress on gut health maintenance and antibiotic alternatives in broiler chicken production","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579123001980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579123001980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T22:51:50Z","timestamp":1758495110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579123001980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579123001980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102675","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102675"}}