{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:20:30Z","timestamp":1770150030571,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011929","name":"Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["552366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["552366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T13:59:59Z","timestamp":1694008799000},"page":"103089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["n-3 essential fatty acid and vitamin D supplementation improve skeletal health in laying hens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3681-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meagan E.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3421-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara I.","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prafulla","family":"Regmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darrin M.","family":"Karcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00186","article-title":"Varying ratios of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids on the pre- and postmortem bone mineral density, bone ash, and bone breaking strength of laying chickens","volume":"87","author":"Baird","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9324505","article-title":"Vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and sex steroids in bone health and effects of aging","volume":"2020","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Osteoporosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.242","article-title":"Essential fats for future health","volume":"64","author":"Calder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey373","article-title":"Keel bone damage assessment: consistency in enriched colony laying hens","volume":"98","author":"Chargo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey421","article-title":"Keel bone differences in laying hens housed in enriched colony cages","volume":"98","author":"Chargo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.09.020","article-title":"Role of long-term supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on egg production and egg quality of laying hen","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.06.080","article-title":"Role of long-term supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on laying hen bone 3-dimensional structural development","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1126\/science.109.2829.282","article-title":"Secretion of radioactive calcium in the hen's egg","volume":"109","author":"Comar","year":"1949","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89827-8","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil supplementation prevents rosiglitazone-induced osteopenia in aging C57BL\/6 mice and in vitro studies","volume":"11","author":"Cugno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.1018","article-title":"Nutrition and skeletal problems in poultry","volume":"79","author":"Edwards","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.05.011","article-title":"Vitamin D for health: a global perspective","volume":"88","author":"Hossein-nezhad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.12.016","article-title":"Impact of feeding microalgae (Aurantiochytrium limacinum) and co-extruded mixture of full-fat flaxseed as sources of n-3 fatty acids to ISA brown and Shaver white breeders and progeny on pullet skeletal attributes at hatch through to 18 weeks of age","volume":"99","author":"Kakhki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.03.061","article-title":"n-3 fatty acids fed to ISA brown and Shaver white breeders and their female progeny during rearing: impact on egg production, eggshell, and select bone attributes from 18 to 42 weeks of age","volume":"99","author":"Kakhki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfy068","article-title":"Production and well-being resulting from delayed movement of pullets to the hen facility","volume":"28","author":"Karcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/67018\/2005","article-title":"Efficacy of different levels of a cholecalciferol 25-OH-derivative in diets with two limestone forms in laying hen nutrition","volume":"14","author":"Koreleski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(97)00007-6","article-title":"Calcium metabolism, fatty osteoporosis acids: a review","volume":"36","author":"Kruger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.5.831","article-title":"Long-term supplementation of various dietary lipids alters bone mineral content, mechanical properties and histological characteristics of Japanese quail","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1989.tb01537.x","article-title":"Essential fatty acids and skin disease","volume":"30","author":"Lloyd","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0020","unstructured":"Lohmann Tierzucht. 2020. Lohmann Brown- Lite Layers: Management Guide. https:\/\/lohmann-breeders.com\/media\/2020\/07\/ManagementGuideBrownLiteNorthAmerica.pdf. Accessed January 16, 2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0021","first-page":"115","article-title":"Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"21","author":"Manolagas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0022","first-page":"1184","article-title":"Investigating the effect of different fats and antioxidants on the performance and resistance of bone in broiler chickens","volume":"5","author":"Mansoub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0023","series-title":"In: Nutrition for Healthy Skin","first-page":"91","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and skin","author":"Pilkington","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey211","article-title":"Effects of different litter substrates and induced molt on production performance and welfare quality parameters of white Leghorn hens housed in multi-tiered aviary system","volume":"97","author":"Regmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez165","article-title":"Analytical bone calcium and bone ash from mature laying hens correlates to bone mineral content calculated from quantitative computed tomography scans","volume":"98","author":"Robison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3494","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113494","article-title":"The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources in bone development","volume":"12","author":"Rozner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa145","article-title":"Keel bone fractures in laying hens: a systematic review of prevalence across age, housing systems, and strains","volume":"98","author":"Rufener","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0028","first-page":"173","article-title":"The effect of an insufficient supply of Vitmain D on the growth of the skeleton and internal organs of chickens","volume":"20","author":"Sheehy","year":"1932","journal-title":"Sci. Proc. Royal Dublin Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0029","unstructured":"Silva, F. A. 2017. Effects of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on growth, production performance, eggshell quality and bone traits of brown egg layers housed under commercial conditions. Master Thesis. University of Alberta."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1112499","article-title":"Physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus utilization in laying hens","volume":"14","author":"Sinclair-Black","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0621155","article-title":"Factors influencing early egg size","volume":"62","author":"Summers","year":"1983","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933916001057","article-title":"Efficacy of dietary vitamin D and its metabolites in poultry \u2013 review and implications of the recent studies","volume":"73","author":"\u015awiatkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.11.003","article-title":"Reduced bone breakage and increased bone strength in free range laying hens fed omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplemented diets","volume":"52","author":"Tarlton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev048","article-title":"The effects of long (C20\/22) and short (C18) chain omega-3 fatty acids on keel bone fractures, bone biomechanics, behavior, and egg production in free-range laying hens","volume":"94","author":"Toscano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0221-8747(84)90029-8","article-title":"Changes in activity of chicken medullary bone cell populations in relation to the egg laying cycle","volume":"5","author":"Van de Velde","year":"1984","journal-title":"Metab. Bone Dis. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.30.1.071","article-title":"Keel-bone fractures are associated with bone quality differences in laying hens","volume":"30","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez107","article-title":"Laying hen production and welfare in enriched colony cages at different stocking densities","volume":"98","author":"Weimer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.934","article-title":"Ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo study","volume":"81","author":"Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6713","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez386","article-title":"Effect of high concentrations of dietary vitamin D3 on pullet and laying hen performance, skeleton health, eggshell quality, and yolk vitamin D3 content when fed to W36 laying hens from day of hatch until 68 wk of age","volume":"98","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.1033","article-title":"Osteoporosis in cage layers","volume":"79","author":"Whitehead","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.10.070190.002245","article-title":"Essential fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids: significance in cutaneous biology","volume":"10","author":"Ziboh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579123006089?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579123006089?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T03:57:48Z","timestamp":1721793468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579123006089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579123006089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"n-3 essential fatty acid and vitamin D supplementation improve skeletal health in laying hens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103089"}}