{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:32:35Z","timestamp":1783013555120,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T12:24:30Z","timestamp":1727353470000},"page":"104335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiple pathways to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of Turkeys Herpesvirus recombinant vaccine expressing HA of H9N2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6104-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2685-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaituo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunlin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiufan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.051","article-title":"An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza","volume":"25","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19671-3","article-title":"Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016-2019 in China","volume":"11","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Communicat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00912-1","article-title":"Systemic prime mucosal boost significantly increases protective efficacy of bivalent RSV influenza viral vectored vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Bissett","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Vacc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.08.029","article-title":"Polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines","volume":"338","author":"Blakney","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Contr. Rel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5760-5767.2005","article-title":"Human infection with an avian H9N2 influenza A virus in Hong Kong in 2003","volume":"43","author":"Butt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60111-2","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a fatal case of avian influenza A H10N8 virus infection: A descriptive study","volume":"383","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0540109","article-title":"Horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 3. Transmission in three different lines of chickens","volume":"54","author":"Cho","year":"1975","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82783-0","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic characterization of H9N2 swine influenza viruses in China","volume":"88","author":"Cong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1911s42","article-title":"Influenza virus","author":"Cottey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0011","first-page":"1","article-title":"WHO manual on animal influenza diagnosis and surveillance","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2307\/1589999","article-title":"Plasma cell changes in the gland of Harder following infectious bursal disease virus infection of the chicken","volume":"25","author":"Dohms","year":"1981","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1637\/10540-032613-Reg.1","article-title":"Protection and antibody response caused by turkey herpesvirus vector Newcastle disease vaccine","volume":"57","author":"Esaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0014","first-page":"20","author":"Fioretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"The epidemiological situation of avian influenza in Italy during 1998. Proceedings of the Joint Fifth Annual Meetings of the National Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza Laboratories of Countries of the European Union. Vienna. Citeseer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1637\/11144-050815-ResNote","article-title":"Experimental and field results regarding immunity induced by a recombinant Turkey herpesvirus H5 vector vaccine against h5n1 and other H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenges","volume":"60","author":"Gardin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0016","first-page":"298","article-title":"Genome sequencing and genetic analysis of a natural reassortant H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus possessing H9N2 internal genes","volume":"26","author":"Gu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bing Du Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0453-2","article-title":"Current situation of H9N2 subtype avian influenza in China","volume":"48","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9363","article-title":"Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: Were they the donors of the \"internal\" genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong?","volume":"96","author":"Guan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceed. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0019","first-page":"105","article-title":"Discovery of men infected by avian influenza A (H9N2) virus","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw064","article-title":"Knock-in of large reporter genes in human cells via CRISPR\/Cas9-induced homology-dependent and independent DNA repair","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl. Acid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2007.0078","article-title":"Marek's disease virus induces Th-2 activity during cytolytic infection","volume":"21","author":"Heidari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Viral. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24231","article-title":"Human infection with an avian influenza A (H9N2) virus in the middle region of China","volume":"87","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109429","article-title":"Construction and immune efficacy of a recombinant turkey herpesvirus vaccine strain expressing fusion protein of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus","volume":"268","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.12.028","article-title":"Vaccine protection of chickens against antigenically diverse H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates with a live HVT vector vaccine expressing the influenza hemagglutinin gene derived from a clade 2.2 avian influenza virus","volume":"33","author":"Kapczynski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12515","article-title":"The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China","volume":"502","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0026","first-page":"213","article-title":"Discoveries of avian influenza A(H9N2) virus in chickens and men infected by H9N2 virus in Guangzhou area","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.06.025","article-title":"Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China","volume":"340","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.01.004","article-title":"Recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing H9 hemagglutinin providing protection against H9N2 avian influenza","volume":"529","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0029","series-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animal","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chapter 3.3. 4. Avian influenza (including infection with high pathogenicity avian influensza viruses)","author":"Manual","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2307\/1591910","article-title":"Efficacy in chickens of a herpesvirus of Turkeys recombinant vaccine containing the fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus: Onset of protection and effect of maternal antibodies","volume":"37","author":"Morgan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260280","article-title":"Effects of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Heidelberg on host CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell suppressive immune responses in chickens","volume":"16","author":"Shanmugasundaram","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90198-7","article-title":"Avian herpesvirus as a live viral vector for the expression of heterologous antigens","volume":"11","author":"Sondermeijer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12685","article-title":"Human-infecting influenza A (H9N2) virus: A forgotten potential pandemic strain?","volume":"67","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoon. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.11.025","article-title":"Recombinant viral-vectored vaccines for the control of avian influenza in poultry","volume":"206","author":"Suarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.10.012","article-title":"Evidence of avian-like H9N2 influenza A virus among dogs in Guangxi, China","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.025","article-title":"A simple and rapid approach to develop recombinant avian herpesvirus vectored vaccines using CRISPR\/Cas9 system","volume":"36","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2020.1828567","article-title":"Efficacy of a turkey herpesvirus double construct vaccine (HVT-ND-IBD) against challenge with different strains of Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease and Marek's disease viruses","volume":"50","author":"van Hulten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0425-6","article-title":"Generation and evaluation of an H9N1 influenza vaccine derived by reverse genetics that allows utilization of a DIVA strategy for control of H9N2 avian influenza","volume":"154","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.11.006","article-title":"A novel recombinant attenuated Newcastle disease virus expressing H9 subtype hemagglutinin protected chickens from challenge by genotype VII virulent Newcastle disease virus and H9N2 avian influenza virus","volume":"228","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050918","article-title":"Intranasal immunization with a recombinant avian paramyxovirus serotypes 2 vector-based vaccine induces protection against H9N2 avian influenza in chicken","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2023.2228360","article-title":"The immune system of chicken and its response to H9N2 avian influenza virus","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Quart."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112495","article-title":"Recombinant Turkey herpesvirus expressing H9N2 HA Gene at the HVT005\/006 site induces better protection than that at the HVT029\/031 site","volume":"14","author":"Zai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/005652-0","article-title":"Characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from vaccinated flocks in an integrated broiler chicken operation in eastern China during a 5 year period (1998-2002)","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.11.014","article-title":"Molecular and antigenic characterization of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolates from chicken flocks between 1998 and 2007 in China","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00305-6","article-title":"H9N2 avian influenza viruses: Challenges and the way forward","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00305-6","article-title":"H9N2 avian influenza viruses: Challenges and the way forward","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet. Microb."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579124009143?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579124009143?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T18:34:43Z","timestamp":1758998083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579124009143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579124009143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multiple pathways to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of Turkeys Herpesvirus recombinant vaccine expressing HA of H9N2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104335","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104335"}}