{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T21:42:29Z","timestamp":1788039749419,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32402889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32402889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T11:07:18Z","timestamp":1748430438000},"page":"105369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Co-infection with Proteus mirabilis and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli aggravated liver injury in chickens by disrupting the jejunal barrier"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Jin-qi","family":"Cen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan-lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JingJing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7172-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongjia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.586437","article-title":"Co-infection of chicken layers with Histomonas meleagridis and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli is associated with dysbiosis, cecal colonization and translocation of the bacteria from the gut lumen","volume":"11","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cellulitis in broiler chickens","volume":"6","author":"Amer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Food Heal. Converg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0009-2017","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis infection","volume":"8","author":"Armbruster","year":"2018","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101971","article-title":"Research note: choice of microbiota database affects data analysis and interpretation in chicken cecal microbiota","volume":"101","author":"Campos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1383618","article-title":"Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals","volume":"15","author":"Chakkour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.5","article-title":"ImageGP: an easy-to-use data visualization web server for scientific researchers","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.14710\/jitaa.48.3.194-207","article-title":"A comparative study on histopathological features of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from broiler chicken with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection","volume":"48","author":"Dameanti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01324-08","article-title":"Intestine and environment of the chicken as reservoirs for extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains with zoonotic potential","volume":"75","author":"Ewers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00675-x","article-title":"The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00085-17","article-title":"Proteus spp. As putative gastrointestinal pathogens","volume":"31","author":"Hamilton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1049391","article-title":"Characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, zoonotic potential, drug resistance, and prevention of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1086\/377455","article-title":"Phylogenetic origin and virulence genotype in relation to resistance to fluoroquinolones and\/or extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins among Escherichia coli isolates from animals and humans","volume":"188","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040467","article-title":"Avian pathogenic escherichia coli (Apec): an overview of virulence and pathogenesis factors, zoonotic potential, and control strategies","volume":"10","author":"Kathayat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.2747-2762","article-title":"Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control","volume":"17","author":"Khairullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. world"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2010055","article-title":"Goblet cells and mucins: role in innate defense in enteric infections","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.12.011","article-title":"Microbiome and pathogen interaction with the immune system","volume":"99","author":"Kogut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106586","article-title":"Combined analysis of the microbiome, metabolome and transcriptome of silkie chickens in response to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)","volume":"189","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15344","article-title":"Effect of a dietary probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15, on growth performance, quality traits, antioxidant ability, and nutritional and flavour substances of chicken meat","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103704","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from broilers with cellulitis","volume":"103","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Endotoxin producers overgrowing in Human gut microbiota as the causative agents for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Na","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11025","article-title":"Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018 (G Arora, Ed.)","volume":"9","author":"Newman","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1736-5","article-title":"Fatty liver is associated with recurrent bacterial infections independent of metabolic syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Nseir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0024","unstructured":"Patro, R., G. Duggal, and C. Kingsford. 2015. Salmon: accurate, versatile and ultrafast quantification from RNA-seq data using lightweight-alignment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109187","article-title":"Protective effects of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived acetate on chicken colibacillosis induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"261","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.AME-0014-2020","article-title":"Distinguishing pathovars from nonpathovars: escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"Riley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111355","article-title":"Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli: virulence factors and antibiotic resistance","volume":"10","author":"Sora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02372-w","article-title":"Association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from diarrhetic animals in Northeast China","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2020.1796926","article-title":"The role of Enterococcus faecalis during co-infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in avian colibacillosis","volume":"49","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143058","article-title":"Disequilibrium in chicken gut microflora with avian colibacillosis is related to microenvironment damaged by antibiotics","volume":"762","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00091","article-title":"Factors affecting intestinal health in poultry","volume":"87","author":"Yegani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14056","article-title":"Molecular analysis, biochemical characterization, antimicrobial activity, and immunological analysis of Proteus mirabilis isolated from broilers","volume":"83","author":"Yeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2020.103724","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis from Belgian broiler carcasses at retail and human stool","volume":"96","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.036","article-title":"Elucidation of Proteus mirabilis as a key bacterium in Crohn\u2019s Disease inflammation","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D871","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae968","article-title":"VFDB 2025: an integrated resource for exploring anti-virulence compounds","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110937","article-title":"Comparative analyses of bacterial contamination and microbiome of broiler carcasses in wet market and industrial processing environments","volume":"426","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0650-2","article-title":"Acetate metabolic requirement of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli promotes its intracellular proliferation within macrophage","volume":"50","author":"Zhuge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Res."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579125006121?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579125006121?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:46:37Z","timestamp":1756305997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579125006121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579125006121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-infection with Proteus mirabilis and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli aggravated liver injury in chickens by disrupting the jejunal barrier","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105369","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105369"}}