{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:16:35Z","timestamp":1771863395404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:00:41Z","timestamp":1765209641000},"page":"106218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of incompletely degraded galactomannan on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed broilers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenhuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caoxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8527-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118026","article-title":"Dapansutrile mitigates concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis: involvement of NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 and JNK\/p38 MAPK pathways","volume":"186","author":"Alenezi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. PharmacOther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2025.102358","article-title":"First report on the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of meq oncogene from virulent serotype-1 Marek's disease virus in laying hen flocks and broiler breeders in Algeria","volume":"120","author":"Ameziane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3495","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases in innate immunity","volume":"13","author":"Arthur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO04375H","article-title":"Low molecular weight galactomannan alleviates diarrhea induced by senna leaf in mice via intestinal barrier improvement and gut microbiota modulation","volume":"16","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO00596K","article-title":"A polysaccharide from natural Cordyceps sinensis regulates the intestinal immunity and gut microbiota in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew336","article-title":"Effects of dietary vitamin E type on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity in cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed broilers","volume":"96","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7175","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00493","article-title":"Advances in plant polysaccharides as antiaging agents: effects and signaling mechanisms","volume":"71","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.06.058","article-title":"Maternal antibody induced by recombinant gp85 protein vaccine adjuvanted with CpG-ODN protects against ALV-J early infection in chickens","volume":"31","author":"Dou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2017.06.008","article-title":"Structure and conformation characterization of galactomannan from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia","volume":"76","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00201D","article-title":"A novel polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides enhances immunomodulatory activity in immunosuppressive mice models via regulation of the TLR4-NF-\u03bab pathway","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119217","article-title":"Effect of pretreatments on production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from corncob by a two-step hydrolysis","volume":"285","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0012","first-page":"441","article-title":"Vaccination against poultry parasites","volume":"67","author":"Hauck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212432","article-title":"Extraction and identification of polysaccharide from lentinus edodes and its effect on immunosuppression and intestinal barrier injury induced by cyclophosphamide","volume":"25","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/md21100531","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10635","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02131H","article-title":"An antioxidative galactomannan extracted from Chinese Sesbania cannabina enhances immune activation of macrophage cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10903","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01777B","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of enhancing the immune effect of the Newcastle disease virus vaccine in broilers fed with Bacillus cereus PAS38","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.144","article-title":"Galactomannan of Delonix regia seeds modulates cytokine expression and oxidative stress eliciting anti-inflammatory and healing effects in mice cutaneous wound","volume":"203","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29143408","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effect of cordyceps militaris polysaccharide on RAW 264.7 macrophages by regulating MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123568","article-title":"Structural characterization and immune-modulating properties of a novel \u03b2-galactomannan extracted from black soybean hulls","volume":"358","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0020","article-title":"Areca nut polysaccharide induces M1 macrophage polarization through the NF-\u03bab and MAPK pathways independent of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling","volume":"281","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03620-5","article-title":"Immunostimulant potential of Moringa Oleifera leaves alcoholic extract versus Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in broilers chicks","volume":"55","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17060261","article-title":"Mycotoxins in broiler production: impacts on growth, immunity, vaccine efficacy, and food safety","volume":"17","author":"Olariu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxins. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.017","article-title":"Galactomannan: a versatile biodegradable seed polysaccharide","volume":"60","author":"Prajapati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0220-6","article-title":"Helper T cell differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Saravia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101516","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of hydroxytyrosol in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed broilers","volume":"101","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115976","article-title":"Polysaccharides regulate Th1\/Th2 balance: a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy","volume":"170","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. PharmacOther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.02.042","article-title":"Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition \u2013 A review","volume":"127","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2276814","article-title":"Modulating the gut microbiota is involved in the effect of low-molecular-weight glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on immune function","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8471","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB01397A","article-title":"Galactomannan-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles induce an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Sosnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102810","article-title":"Guar gum as galactomannan source induces dysbiosis and reduces performance in broiler chickens and dietary \u03b2-mannanase restores the gut homeostasis","volume":"102","author":"Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0031","article-title":"A facile quantitative characterization method of incomplete degradation products of galactomannan by ethanol fractional precipitation","volume":"250","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101296","article-title":"Production performance, egg quality, plasma biochemical constituents and lipid metabolites of aged laying hens supplemented with incomplete degradation products of galactomannan","volume":"100","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.122","article-title":"The immunomodulatory activity of degradation products of Sesbania cannabina galactomannan with different molecular weights","volume":"205","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac087","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac087","article-title":"Incomplete degradation products of galactomannan from Sesbania cannabina modulated the cecal microbial community of laying hens","volume":"100","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/1533034615588682","article-title":"Radix Astragali and Tanshinone help carboplatin inhibit B16 tumor cell growth","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155294","article-title":"Polysaccharide of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr regulates macrophage immune response and epigenetic memory through TLR4-JNK\/p38\/ERK signaling pathway and histone modification","volume":"124","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.062","article-title":"Research progress in galactomannan-based nanomaterials: synthesis and application","volume":"163","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105668","article-title":"Effects of pectic oligosaccharide on growth performance, organ indexes and intestinal health in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1","volume":"104","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00145","article-title":"Advances in research on immunoregulation of macrophages by plant polysaccharides","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0040","first-page":"185","article-title":"The CD4+\/CD8+ ratio in pulmonary tuberculosis: systematic and Meta-analysis article","volume":"44","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031377","article-title":"Study on synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of typical functional components of extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024002","article-title":"Galactomannan inhibits Trichinella spiralis invasion of intestinal epithelium cells and enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity related killing of larvae by driving macrophage polarization","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5","article-title":"Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175848","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1175848","article-title":"Research progress on the mechanisms underlying poultry immune regulation by plant polysaccharides","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579125014580?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579125014580?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:46:55Z","timestamp":1771861615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579125014580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579125014580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of incompletely degraded galactomannan on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed broilers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106218","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106218"}}